scholarly journals Effect of root aeration and form of nitrogen on photosynthetic productivity of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Łotocki
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Pinus Silvestris ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Photosynthetic Productivity ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration ◽  
Root Aeration

The response of 1-year old pine seedlings, grown in sand and water culture, to nutrition with nitrate or ammonium form of nitrogen, as well as to various aeration of the cultures was studied. Measurements of photosynthesis and respiration were carried out. Production of organic matter and its distribution to particular organs were determined. Seedlings supplied with NH<sub>4</sub>Cl were characterized by smaller contribution of root dry weight to the total weight of the plant. Poor aeration (heavy watering) of seedlings supplied with ammonium chloride caused a decrease in the rate of photosynthesis. Plants supplied with NH<sub>4</sub>C1 did not show the typical decrease of photosynthetic rate at the end of the growing season.

scholarly journals Gas exchange and organic matter production of Scots pine (Pinus sihestris L.) seedlings grown in water culture with ammonium or nitrate form of nitrogen

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zajączkowska
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Organic Substance ◽  
Pinus Silvestris ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Organic Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration

he reaction of Scots pine (<i>Pinus silvestris</i> L.) seedlings to ammonium and nitrate form of nitrogen was investigated. Rates of photosynthesis and respiration, content of chlorophylls, and accumulation of organic substance were determined in 12 and 18 weeks old plants. The results have shown, that the forms of nitrogen does affect the amount of accumulated organic substance as well as its distribution in particular organs.

scholarly journals Effect of the change of nitrogen source on photosynthesis and respiration of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) seedlings

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
J. Zajączkowska
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Pinus Silvestris ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration

Rates of photosynthesis and respiration of Scots pine seedlings, grown in water culture under conditions of nitrogen deficiency and supplied with nitrogen in ammonium or nitrate form, were investigated. Besides, the rates of photosynthesis and respiration of the seedlings were measured, after changing the form of supplied nitrogen. A rapid and different response of nitrogen deficient seedlings was found independent on the form of supplied nitrogen. The investigations also showed a change in rates of photosynthesis and respiration of seedlings after changing the form of nitrogen.

scholarly journals Effect of ammonium and nitrate source of nitrogen on productivity of photosynthesis in Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) seedlings

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Łotocki ◽  
W. Żelawski
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Pinus Silvestris ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Matter Production

Water culture and sand culture seedlings of Scots pine were investigated in respect to their reaction to ammonium or nitrate source of nitrogen nutrition. Photosynthesis, respiration, and dry matter production were studied in three and four months old plants. The results are preliminary but they have indicated that the effect of various form of nitrogen nutrition on gas exchange and growth rates could change during the growing season.

scholarly journals Gas exchange and organic substance production of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) seedlings grown in soil cultures with ammonium or nitrate form of nitrogen

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zajączkowska
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Organic Substance ◽  
Pinus Silvestris ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Organic Matter Accumulation ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B

Scotts pine seedlings were grown in soil cultures with a known content of N and C as well as organic substances. Walter solutions of the following salts: NaNO<sub>3</sub>, (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, NH<sub>4</sub>Cl, NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>, NH<sub>4</sub>HCO<sub>3</sub> were used as a source of nitrogen in particular nutritional variants. Organic matter accumulation in particular organs as well as the chlorophyll a and b content were determined, photosynthetic and respiration rates were also measured. It was found that differences in gas exchange and organic matter accumulation of seedlings grown on ammonium or nitrate form of nitrogen are similar in plants from water cultures as well as in those from soil cultures.

scholarly journals A descriptive model o Scots pine (Pinus silvestris) L. seedling's growth during the first growing season

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1–2) ◽  
pp. 143-158
Author(s):  
Teresa Gowin ◽  
Leokadiusz Ubysz
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Descriptive Model ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Net Assimilation

Scots pine seedlings were grown in pots from seed under outside conditions. Plant material was harvested ten times in fortnight periods, throughout the growing season. At each harvest, each plant was divided into particular organs and their dimensions as well as fresh and dry weight were determined. Seasonal course of growth of particular organs as well as changes in specific leaf area and distribution of dry matter between shoot and root were investigated. Net assimilation rate (NAR) and relative growth rate (RGR) were calculated from the fitted logistic growth curves.

Biomass, metabolic rates and feeding of some common reef zoantharians and octocorals

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 729 ◽  
Author(s):  
YI Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Taxonomic Group ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Food Concentrations ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
Wet Weight

The biomass of individual polyps in most common octocorals ranged from 40 to 90 �g C, and the biomass of polyps per 1 g wet weight of colony ranged from 15 to 30 mg C. In the case of zoantharians, the corresponding values were 0.6 mg C and 3.7 mg C g-1 for Palythoa caesia and 9 mg C and 73 mg C g-1 for Zoanthus sociatus. In both octocorals and zoantharians, the percentage ratios of the biomass of zooxanthellae to the biomass of polyps were similar to those in scleractinians: 1.5-4.0%. The rate of photosynthesis ranged from 0.1 to 3.2 mg C g-1 dry weight of colony per day. The ratio of photosynthesis to respiration in most symbiotic octocorals was more than 1 (1.4-2.7); it was less than 1 only in Alcyonium molle and Lobophytum roxasi. Daily respiration in symbiotic octocorals and zoantharians represented 0.6-3.0% of the total biomass of their polyps; in asymbiotic species, it was around 2-5%. Heterotrophic predatory feeding, sedimentary feeding, and feeding on dissolved organic matter were quantified by radiocarbon labelling. The ability to prey on and use different kinds of food varied with taxonomic group. Also, zoantharians and octocorals were much poorer heterotrophic feeders than are scleractinians. By heterotrophic feeding at optimum food concentrations, most zoantharians and octocorals could satisfy 10-100% of their energy requirements (cf. 200-300% for scleractinian corals). The extent of success of zoantharians and octocorals in competition with scleractinians is discussed.

scholarly journals The effect of nitrogen-fixing organisms and nucleic acid derivatives on plant growth

1920 ◽  
Vol 91 (636) ◽  
pp. 83-95 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inorganic Nutrients ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Remarkable Effect

In a previous communication it has been shown that a water extract of bacterised peat has a remarkable effect on the growth of Lemna minor in water-culture solution. The experiments there described showed that when supplied with inorganic nutrients only, the plants, though increasing in number, failed to maintain their normal size and health, and rapidly deteriorated, while the addition of a small quantity of the organic material resulted in a marked increase in the rate of multiplication, the plants at the same time showing improved health and vigour, proof of which was given by the increase in the dry weight of the plants so treated. The author has also shown that wheat seedlings, when deprived of their endosperm at a very early stage, will not grow normally unless supplied with organic matter. These experiments led to the conclusion that all plants, as well as animals, require a certain amount of organic substance for their proper development—a conclusion entirely contrary to the established view that plants can be grown in purely inorganic nutrients in water-culture.

scholarly journals Role of Suillus placidus in Improving the Drought Tolerance of Masson Pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) Seedlings

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Haoyun Wang ◽  
Xizhou Zhao ◽  
Zhongke Lu ◽  
Xueguang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Masson Pine ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Masson pine is an important afforestation species in southern China, where seasonal drought is common. The present study focused on the effects of Suillus placidus, an ectomycorrhizal fungus, inoculation on the growth and physiological and biochemical performance of masson pine seedlings under four different watering treatments (well-watered, mild drought, moderate drought, and severe drought) to evaluate the symbiotic relationship between S. placidus and masson pine seedlings. Ectomycorrhizal-inoculated (ECM) and non-inoculated (NM) seedlings were grown in pots and maintained for 60 days using the weighing method. Results showed that seedlings’ growth, dry weight, RWC, chlorophyll content, PSII efficiency, and photosynthesis decreased as drought stress intensified in both ECM and NM plants. This suggests that drought stress significantly limits the growth and photosynthetic performance of masson pine seedlings. Nevertheless, increased An/gs and proline contents in both NM and ECM prevented oxidative damage caused by drought stress. In addition, increased peroxidase (POD) activity is an essential defense mechanism of ECM seedling under drought stress. Compared with NM, ECM seedlings showed faster growth, higher RWC, and photosynthetic performance, and lower lipid peroxidation in cell membranes under drought stress, as indicated by higher POD activity and lower proline and malondialdehyde (MDA). Our experiment found that S. placidus inoculation can enhance the drought resistance of masson pine seedlings by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, water use efficiency, and proline content, thereby enhancing growth under water-deficiency conditions. S. placidus can be used to cultivate high-quality seedlings and improve their survival in regions that experience seasonal droughts.

scholarly journals Incorporation of dl-[2−14C]mevalonic acid lactone into β-carotene and the phytol side chain of chlorophyll in cotyledons of four species of pine seedlings

1967 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wieckowski ◽  
T W Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Mevalonic Acid ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Pinus Silvestris ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Acid Lactone ◽  
Β Carotene

1. The incorporation of dl-[2−14C]mevalonic acid lactone into β-carotene and the phytol side chain of chlorophyll has been investigated in cotyledons of four species of pine seedlings (Pinus silvestris, P. contorta, P. radiata and P. jeffrei) grown in darkness and in light. 2. The relative incorporation of label into β-carotene and the phytol side chain of chlorophyll is similar to that observed in experiments on monocotyledons and dicotyledons. 3. The relative incorporation of 14CO2 into β-carotene and phytol is much higher than the incorporation of [2−14C]mevalonic acid.

The relationship between multiple leaders and mechanical and frost damage to the apical meristem of Scots pine seedlings

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarmo K. Holopainen
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Frost Injury ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Multiple Leaders

The responses of young Scots pine seedlings to mechanical apical meristem damage before and after 4 nights exposure to minimum night temperatures of −2.2 and −6.7 °C in controlled environment growth chambers were compared with control seedlings that were subjected or not to apical meristem damage and exposed to a minimum night temperature of 12 °C. The feeding damage caused by Lygus bugs was simulated by piercing the apical meristem of young pine seedlings with a hypodermic syringe needle and injecting a small drop of distilled water into the wound. At −6.7 °C increased numbers of dead seedlings were found. The proportion of seedlings with multiple leaders greatly increased after piercing, and about half of the seedlings subjected to the apical meristem damage had multiple leaders. The proportion of seedlings with multiple leaders and the number of leader shoots per seedling did not differ among seedlings subjected to apical meristem damage before or after the frost exposure. Short and twisted primary needles occurred in the basal parts of the new shoots in the seedlings with multiple leaders. Seedlings with necrotic needles were most often found after exposure to the night temperature of −6.7 °C. Shoot dry weight and length were significantly lower in seedlings subjected to apical meristem damage after frost exposure than in seedlings subjected to apical meristem damage before frost exposure or to no frost exposure. The results suggest that an increased reduction in growth is to be expected if Lygus bug attacks occur on pine seedlings that already suffer from frost injury.

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