scholarly journals Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Responses to Different Sources and Application Rates of Hydrothermal Carbonization Processed Liquid

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yuhang He ◽  
Quan He ◽  
Kris Pruski ◽  
Bishnu Acharya ◽  
Lord Abbey
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Hypocotyl Growth ◽  
Application Rates

Hydrothermal carbonization processed liquid (HTCPL) is a by-product of hydrothermal carbonization of biomass, which is used sparingly as natural fertilizer. A study was performed in the Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University (Canada) between June 2019 and April 2020 to evaluate the elemental composition of HTCPL derived from three different biomass feedstock; namely, seafood compost; buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), and willow (Salix babylonica). Different HTCPL application rates (0-10%) were tested on seed germination and seedling growth of pea (Pisum sativum), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), pac choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis), kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Elemental composition was higher in the HTCPLs compared to their respective feedstocks except for nitrogen. The 5% and 10% willow HTCPL with a pH between 3.8-4.0 inhibited seed germination and seedling growth compared to the other treatments with a pH range between 4.6-5.8. Kale, lettuce and sunflower radicle and hypocotyl growth were promoted following treatments of their respective seeds with seafood compost HTCPL while pea radicle and hypocotyl lengths were best promoted by 5% buckwheat and 10% seafood compost HTCPLs. Comparatively, 0.5% willow HTCPL increased surface area of seedling radicles while 1% willow and 0.5% buckwheat HTCPLs increased surface area of hypocotyls, irrespective of plant species. The distinction among the treatments was demonstrated on a 2-dimensional principal component analysis biplot that explained 89% of the variations in dataset. Overall, buckwheat HTCPL proved to be more effective at increasing seed germination and seedling growth compared to the other HTCPLs. The inhibitory effect of willow HTCPL at high application rate (5-10%) were obvious for all plant species. A comprehensive non-targeted chemical profile of HTCPL will help to explain mechanisms.

scholarly journals Allelopathy in two species of Chenopodium -inhibition of germination and seedling growth of certain weeds

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhash C. Datta ◽  
Kaasi N. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Chenopodium Ambrosioides ◽  
Hypocotyl Growth ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Field Soils

The activity of washed leaf and inflorescence material of <em>Chenopodium ambrosioides</em> and <em>C. murale</em>, decaying leaves and inflorescences, and field soils collected beneath <em>Chenopodium</em> plants were examined in terms of the inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth of five weeds, viz. <em>Abutilon indicum, Cassia sophera</em> var. <em>purpurea, C. tora, Evolvulus numularius</em> and <em>Tephrosia hamiltonii</em>. The allelopathic pattern varied in each of the two test species and this depended on the type of test matter. However, the germination as well as the root and hypocotyl growth of <em>A. indicum</em> and <em>E. nummularius</em> were more hampered by phytotoxins or inhibitors from <em>Chenopodium</em> than were the other weeds. Since the leaf and inflorescence of Chenopodium formed the source of inhibitors, the respective plant-parts from the two species were chemically analysed and the presence of three terpenes (p-cymene, ascaridole and aritazone) from <em>C. ambrosioides</em> and an organic acid (oxalic acid) from <em>C. murale</em> were implicated in the allelopathic effect.

scholarly journals Effects of hydrogel amendment on water storage of sandy loam and loam soils and seedling growth of barley, wheat and chickpea

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 463-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Akhter ◽  
K. Mahmood ◽  
K.A. Malik ◽  
A. Mardan ◽  
M. Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Available Water

The hydrogel amendments may improve seedling growth and establishment by increasing water retention capacity of soils and regulating the plants available water supplies, particularly under arid environments. The effects of different levels of a locally prepared hydrogel were studied on the moisture properties of sandy loam and loam soils (fine-loamy, mixed, hyperthermic Typic Haplargids, USDA, Luvic Yermosol, FAO) and on growth response of three plant species, viz. barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Water absorption by gel was rapid and highest in distilled water and was inhibited by an increase in water salinity. The addition of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% hydrogel increased the moisture retention (&theta;r) at field capacity linearly (r = 0.988) and thus the amount of plant available water significantly in both sandy loam and loam soils compared to the untreated soils. Seed germination of wheat and barley was not affected but seedling growth of both species was improved by the gel amendment. In loam soil, seed germination of chickpea was higher with 0.2% gel and seedling growth increased with increase in gel level compared with control conditions. The hydrogel amendment caused a delay by 4&ndash;5 days in wilting of seedlings grown in both soils compared with control conditions. The hydrogel amendment was effective in improving soil moisture availability and thus increased plant establishment. However, the varied responses of plant species in sandy loam and loam soils warrant further studies on the behaviour of different soil types with gel amendments.

Comparative adaptation of seed germination and seedling growth to environmental factors in two Picea plant species

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
刘有军 LIU Youjun ◽  
刘世增 LIU Shizeng ◽  
康才周 KANG Caizhou ◽  
满多清 MAN Duoqing
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Seedling Growth

scholarly journals Allelopathic effect of two medicinal plants on seed germination, seedling growth and grain production of purslane (Portulaca oleraceae L.) weed

2018 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Seyed Nader MOUSAVIAN ◽  
Hamdollah ESKANDARI
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Artemisia Sieberi

<p>A laboratory factorial (2 × 5) experiment was carried out based on completely randomized block in four replications to evaluate the effect of plant species and concentration of their allelopathic extracts on seed germination and seedling growth of purslane weed (<em>Portulaca oleraceae</em> L.). The first factor studied was plant species (<em>Artemisia sieberi </em>and <em>Salvia syriaca</em>) and the second one the concentration percentage of plant ethanol extract (0.0, 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 %). The effect of <em>Artemisia </em>on<em> </em>germination reduction of purslane<em> </em>was stronger compared to <em>Salvia.</em> The results indicated that higher extract concentration led to decreased germination percentage, germination speed and seedling growth indices of purslane including leaf length, leaf number, leaf width, leaf dry mass, stem mass and stem length. The effect of <em>Artemisia </em>was higher than that of <em>Salvia</em>. In a complementary experiment, the effect plant residues of <em>Artemisia </em>and <em>Salvia </em>(0.0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g kg<sup>-1</sup> soil) were evaluated in a factorial experiment base on completely randomized block design with three replications. The results of field experiment showed that plant residues significantly (P ≤ 0.01) reduced capsule number per plant, seed number per capsule, seed production and shoot dry mass, while its effect on 1000-seed mass was not substantial. The effect of plant species and the interaction of plant species and their allelopathic extracts concentration had no major impact on the above-mentioned properties. The increase in plant residues in soil, led to the reduction of growth and seed production of purslane induced by plant number per unit area and capsule per plant. <em>Artemisia sieberi </em>Bess<em>. </em>and<em> Salvia syriaca </em>L.<em> </em>residues can be successfully used for non-chemical control of purslane weed.</p>

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effects of Essential Oils on Seed Germination of Barley and Wheat

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2728
Author(s):  
Valtcho D. Zheljazkov ◽  
Ekaterina A. Jeliazkova ◽  
Tess Astatkie
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Wheat Germination ◽  
Radicle Length

In this study, we evaluated the allelopathic effects of essential oils (EOs) from six different plant species, namely, lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis), English thyme (Thymus vulgaris), lovage (Levisticum officinale), costmary (Chrysanthemum balsamita), and cumin (Cuminum cyminum), on seed germination and seedling growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). The main constituents of the EOs of L. angustifolia were 47.0% linalool acetate and 28.4% linalool; H. officinalis’ main constituents were 39.8% cis-pinocamphone, 9.8% trans-pinocamphone, 11.4% β-pinene, and 7.5% β-phellandrene; T. vulgaris’ were 38.2% para-cymene, 25.6% thymol, and 13.6% γ-terpinene; L. officinale’s were 64.8% α-terpinyl acetate and 14.7% β-phellandrene; C. balsamita’s were 43.7% camphor, 32.4% trans-thujone, and 11.6% camphene; C. cyminum’s were 49.6% cumin aldehyde, 10.4% para-cymene, 11.6% α-terpinen-7-al, and 9.1% β-pinene. All six EOs exhibited an allelopathic effect and suppressed the seed germination and seedling development of wheat and barley; however, the concentrations that exhibited a suppressing effect were different among the plants. C. cyminum EO completely suppressed both barley and wheat germination at 10-, 30-, and 90-µL application rates, making it the most effective treatment among the tested EOs. C. balsamita’s and H. officinalis’ EOs at 30 and 90 µL application rates completely suppressed barley and wheat radicles per seed, radicle length (mm), seedling height (mm), and germination (%). L. angustifolia’s EOs at 30- and 90-µL and T. vulgaris’ EO at 90 µL application rates also completely suppressed barley and wheat radicles per seed, radicle length (mm), seedling height (mm), and germination (%). C. balsamita’s, H. officinalis’, L. angustifolia’s, and T. vulgaris’ EOs at a 10 µL application rate reduced barley radicle length, seedling height, and % germination relative to the control. Wheat seed germination % was completely suppressed by the application of L. angustifolia’s and T. vulgaris’ EOs at 30 and 90 µL, while T. vulgaris’ EO at 10 µL rate reduced the germination relative to the control. Interestingly, C. balsamita and H. officinalis at 10 µL did not reduce wheat germination; however, they did reduce the number of radicles per seed, radicle length (mm), seedling height (mm), germination (%), and vigor index. Furthermore, L. officinale’s EO reduced the measured indices (radicles per seed, radicle length, seedling height, and vigor index) at the 10, 30, and 90 µL application rates relative to the non-treated control; however, none of the application rates of L. officinale’s EO had a suppression effect on wheat germination. This study demonstrated the allelopathic effects of the EOs of six different herbal plant species on seed germination of barley and winter wheat. The results can be utilized in the development of commercial products for controlling pre-harvest sprouting of wheat and barley. Further research is needed to verify the results under field conditions.

scholarly journals Propagation and Possible Allelopathic Effects of Vernoniazeylanica on Selected Bioassay Species

CORD ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
S.H.S. Senarathne ◽  
S. S. Udumann
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

Vernonia zeylanica (L.) belongs to the family Asteraceae, is one of the major endemic weed species present in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) plantations of the tropics, which propagates very easily.  There is a possibility that this plant could also possess allelopathic effects, but this has not been scientifically tested.  Thus, a study was carried out to determine the seed germination of V. zeylanica under soil moisture stress conditions, shoot propagation methods and possible allopathic effects of this species, on selected species in bioassay tests.  Germination of V. zeylanica seeds was not observed at higher osmotic potential (-0.9 MPa).  The highest sprouting percentage of this species were obtained with soft wood cuttings.  The aqueous leaf extract was highly phytotoxic, and it significantly reduced germination and seedling growth of all bioassay species tested. Full strength (33.3 g L-1) aqueous extracts of leaves significantly reduced the germination percentage, root and hypocotyl growth rates of all species tested.  The inhibitory effects were often dependent on concentration.  However, the degree of inhibition varied among the test plant species.  The seedling emergences of all four tested plants were severally inhibited when planted in V. zeylanica contaminated soil.  The results indicated that incorporated aqueous leaf extract of V. zeylanica and its rhizosphere contaminated soil can suppress seed germination, seedling growth and seedling emergence of certain plant species indicating a possible allelopathic effect.

LOW-TEMPERATURE GROWTH RESPONSES OF THE TOMATO

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Temperature Growth

The effects of low temperatures on several growth phases of the tomato were studied. The tests, each conducted over a 2-week period, included seed germination at 8.5 °C, rate of seedling growth at a night temperature of 10 °C, root and top growth of plants in soil at 15 °C, and fruit set at a night temperature of 4.5 °C.Varietal response to growth rate at low temperatures differed in all phases studied, and varieties that performed well in some phases did not always perform well in others. Of the varieties studied, six grew well under most of the low-temperature conditions. These were: Earlinorth, Bonita, Azerbidzivisky, P.I. 205040, P.I. 280597, and Cold Set.

scholarly journals Preliminary Investigations of Allelopathic Effects and Herbicide-based Eradication of Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora)

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salim Al-Abdali ◽  
Azan Al-Dhuhli ◽  
Hassan Al-Reasi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Invasive Alien Plant ◽  
Time Required

Velvet mesquite, locally known as al-ghaf bahri (Prosopis juliflora), is a well-known invasive alien plant species in several regions around the world, including Oman, with various environmental effects. The allelopathic effect of P. juliflora leaves and seed pods on native ghaf (P. cineraria) and a crop species, mung bean (Vigna radiata) was demonstrated. Results indicated that P. juliflora extracts have inhibitory effects on seed germination and seedling growth of both species, particularly on P. cineraria when exposed to pod extracts. For eradication experiments, three herbicides (tribenuron methyl, clethodim and 2,4-D & MCPA) were investigated to determine their inhibitory properties on seed germination, and on the growth and development of young seedlings of P. juliflora. Generally, germination time (GT50, time required for 50% of seeds to germinate) and germination percentage (%) indicated that only 2,4-D & MCPA treatment showed a significant effect on inhibiting seed germination and stopping seedling growth relative to the other two herbicides. The effect of 2,4-D & MCPA was supported by significant reduction in above-ground fresh biomass. The data clearly illustrate the potential negative effects of P. juliflora on other plant species and its tolerance of herbicide treatment. On a farm scale, limited application of 2,4-D & MCPA on young P. juliflora seedlings would be recommended as an effective way to limit further spread and distribution and consequently  to successfully eliminate this invasive alien plant.

scholarly journals Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Varieties and Seed Pre-Treatments Affect Seed Germination and Early Growth of Seedlings

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Mohammad Moinul Islam ◽  
Zed Rengel ◽  
Paul Storer ◽  
Kadambot H. M. Siddique ◽  
Zakaria M. Solaiman
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Hemp Seed ◽  
Industrial Hemp ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Seed germination and seedling growth are two essential early determinants of subsequent crop yield and quality. A high germination percentage of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed is required to import into Australia. The viability of hemp seed can decline rapidly depending on storage and other factors; hence, the quality of imported seed is not always reliable. Here, we aimed to investigate germination and early seedling growth responses of 14 industrial hemp varieties after being imported from various countries. Germination trials were conducted with 100 seeds of 14 varieties using a soil-less Petri dish assay and a compost growth medium under glasshouse conditions. We also assessed the effect of seed pre-treatments such as gibberellic acid (500 and 1000 mg·L−1), chlorine dioxide (500 and 1000 mg·L−1) and cold temperature (4 °C for 72 h) using 300 seeds of each of the three selected varieties in compost growth medium. Hemp varieties imported from China had higher germination and better seedling growth indices than those imported from Europe. All seed pre-treatments were associated with a decreasing trend in germination, but a positive effect on early growth responses was observed. Our findings indicate that the hemp variety Han FNQ performed better than many other varieties did regarding seed germination and seedling growth. Hemp seeds sanitising with 500 mg·L−1 of chlorine dioxide might improve the germination and early growth of seedlings.

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