Morphological variation of Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. macrocarpa (Cupressaceae) in three Italian localities

The intra- and interpopulational geographic variation of three distant populations of <em>J. oxycedrus </em>subsp. <em>macrocarpa </em>was examined biometrically on the basis of morphological key-characters of needles, seeds and cones. The shortest Euclidean distances were used in the agglomerative grouping of closest neighbourhood and discrimination analysis with principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to verify the south-north differentiation of the taxon in Italy. Most of the cone and seed dimensional characters are correlated. No significant correlations were found between cone and needle characters. The sampled populations differ only insignificantly from one another, while the intrapopulational variation is slightly higher. Cone length as well as seed number, width and thickness were significantly correlated with geographic latitude, while the other four characters are not. Differences in cone shape were observed between individuals, so that several morphotypes can be distinguished.

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Morphological variation in the genus Juliomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) and taxonomic status of Juliomys anoblepas (Winge 1887) from the Quaternary of Southeast Brazil

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4861.3.9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4861 (3) ◽

pp. 429-443

Author(s):

CAROLINA PIRES ◽

MARCELO WEKSLER ◽

CIBELE R. BONVICINO

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Morphological Variation ◽

Morphological Analysis ◽

Principal Component ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

The Other ◽

Anterior Portion ◽

Living Species ◽

Qualitative Characters

The region of Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, is one of the most important karstic areas of the Brazilian Quaternary due to the faunistic diversity of living and extinct forms. Among them, some taxa remain poorly studied, as is the case of Calomys anoblepas Winge 1887. Despite the recent allocation of the taxon within Juliomys, its description and morphological analysis are condensed, based on comparative few specimens and on few informative characters. In this study, we investigate characters proposed to distinguish species of Juliomys, and reevaluate the taxonomic status of the fossil Juliomys anoblepas. We analyzed 80 cranio-dental morphological characters in 233 specimens represented by the four species currently recognized: J. pictipes (Osgood 1933), J. rimofrons Oliveira & Bonvicino 2002, J. ossitenuis Costa, Pavan, Leite & Fagundes 2007, and J. ximenezi Christoff, Vieira, Oliveira, Gonçalves, Valiati & Tomasi 2016. We also performed principal component analysis on eight craniodental measurements available for the J. anoblepas hypodigm. The review of morphological systems and the evaluation of the characters used in the literature revealed that there are no diagnostic characters in the anterior portion of the skull and in the molar series of Juliomys, being difficult to differentiate the fossil from the other living species. Only six qualitative characters were variable and applicable to the hypodigm of J. anoblepas. Characters are polymorphic, invariable, or the fossil is not sufficiently complete to determinate its states. The taxon could not be morphometrically differentiated from J. pictipes and J. ossitenuis. Based on the results presented herein, we consider J. anoblepas as a nomen dubium and restrict its name to the taxon’s hypodigm.

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Discrimination of brazilian red varietal wines according to their sensory descriptors

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/s1413-70542011000600018 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 1172-1176 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Alberto Miele ◽

Luiz Antenor Rizzon

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Total Variation ◽

Principal Component ◽

Pinot Noir ◽

The Other ◽

Sensory Characteristics ◽

Cabernet Sauvignon ◽

Sensory Panel ◽

Red Grape ◽

Grape Varieties

The purpose of this paper was to establish the sensory characteristics of wines made from old and newly introduced red grape varieties. To attain this objective, 16 Brazilian red varietal wines were evaluated by a sensory panel of enologists who assessed wines according to their aroma and flavor descriptors. A 90 mm unstructured scale was used to quantify the intensity of 26 descriptors, which were analyzed by means of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The PCA showed that three important components represented 74.11% of the total variation. PC 1 discriminated Tempranillo, Marselan and Ruby Cabernet wines, with Tempranillo being characterized by its equilibrium, quality, harmony, persistence and body, as well as by, fruity, spicy and oaky characters. The other two varietals were defined by vegetal, oaky and salty characteristics; PC 2 discriminated Pinot Noir, Sangiovese, Cabernet Sauvignon and Arinarnoa, where Pinot Noir was characterized by its floral flavor; PC 3 discriminated only Malbec, which had weak, floral and fruity characteristics. The other varietal wines did not show important discriminating effects.

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Comparative analysis of populations of the Balkan endemic species Daphne malyana Blecic (Thymeleaceae)

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs1004151j ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 1151-1162 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marina Juskovic ◽

P. Vasiljevic ◽

V. Randjelovic ◽

V. Stevanovic ◽

Branka Stevanovic

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Endemic Species ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Principal Component ◽

Balkan Peninsula ◽

Canonical Discriminant Analysis ◽

The Other ◽

Isolated Populations ◽

Microclimate Conditions

Daphne malyana Blecic (Thymeleaceae) is an endemic species of the western part of the Balkan Peninsula, distributed in the mountains, canyons and gorges of N. Montenegro, E. Bosnia and W. Serbia. The comparative morphoanatomic investigations have included four distantly separated populations of the species D. malyana, i.e. two from Serbia, from the ravines of Sokoline and Vranjak on Mt. Tara, and two from Montenegro, in the canyons of the Tara and Piva rivers. Comparative morphoanatomical studies have shown the presence of general adaptive characteristics of a specific, conservative xeromorphic type, slightly differing in each population. Principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) of 20 morphoanatomical characteristics of the leaves and stems have shown a clear distinction between the populations from the river Piva canyon (Montenegro) and those from the Sokoline ravine (Serbia), on one side, and those of Vranjak gorge (Serbia) and of the river Tara canyon (Montenegro) on the other side. It may be assumed that the mild morphological variability of the isolated populations of the Balkan endemic species D. malyana in the canyons and gorges seem to have been affected by the microclimate conditions in their habitats.

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Further Observation on Study Difficulty in University Students Including ‘Syllabus-Boundness’

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.129.6.598 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 129 (6) ◽

pp. 598-603 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

C. J. Lucas ◽

Sidney Grown ◽

Peter Stringer ◽

Saradha Supramaniam

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Academic Success ◽

University Students ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Principal Component ◽

The Other ◽

Control Group ◽

Psychiatric Symptomatology ◽

Significant Negative Relationship ◽

Seeking Help

SummaryThe UCLS questionnaire, in a form modified to include a measure of syllabus-boundness, and a questionnaire to measure psychiatric symptomatology (the MHQ) were administered to two groups of students, one seeking help for emotional problems, the other a control group. Groups were compared on tests, test findings were inter-correlated, and scores were related to academic success. The UCLSQ is confirmed as a reliable research instrument. Principal component analysis again indicates a separation of psychoneurotic and motivational components of study difficulty. Syllabus-boundness (‘Sylbism’) emerges as a relatively independent trait, with a significant negative relationship to work satisfaction in both groups. MHQ, scores again show a positive correlation between phobic anxiety and academic attainment for patients.

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The structure of Estonian personal values: a lexical approach

European Journal of Personality ◽

10.1002/per.439 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 221-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Toivo Aavik ◽

Jüri Allik

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Personal Values ◽

General Structure ◽

Principal Component ◽

Higher Order ◽

The Self ◽

The Other ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Lexical Approach ◽

Estonian Language

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the variety of value describing words and interrelation of value categories in the Estonian language. To accomplish this aim, a psycholexical approach was adopted, during which a set of 560 value‐related words was selected from the Estonian Orthological Dictionary and the results were compared with the Schwartz Values Survey (SVS). When principal‐component analysis was applied on the self‐ratings of a reduced list of 78 value‐related words, six factors emerged and were labelled as benevolence, self‐enhancement, broadmindedness, hedonism, conservatism, and self‐realization. However, all these themes are interrelated and load on a singular secondary dimension. The constructs measured by SVS and the value categories in Estonian were only partially interchangeable; moderate correlations imply an imperfect correspondence: each theme was related to many categories on the other questionnaire. However, a significant general structure refers to the same two‐dimensional level of higher‐order values described by Schwartz in 1992. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Morphological variation in the Pacific sand dollar Dendraster excentricus

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z95-066 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 576-583

Author(s):

Raymond K. Nakamura

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Principal Components ◽

Morphological Variation ◽

Correlation Matrix ◽

Principal Component ◽

Sand Dollar ◽

Coastal Habitats ◽

Point Conception ◽

The Pacific ◽

Dendraster Excentricus

Correlations between latitude, habitat, and morphology in the Pacific sand dollar Dendraster excentricus were identified with principal component analysis. Twenty-two lengths were measured on the oral and aboral surfaces of 615 specimens from 31 sites. Samples were divided at latitude 34°30′N (Point Conception) and into bay and coastal habitats by relative wave exposure. Principal components (PC) were estimated from a correlation matrix of sample means of log-transformed measurements. PC1 accounted for 90% of the variance and was a measure of overall size. All 22 PC1 coefficients were positive and differed significantly from 0, according to a jackknifing test. PC1 differed significantly with latitude (ANOVA, p < 0.01) but not habitat. Southern populations tended to be smaller. PC2 accounted for 5% of the variance and described overall shape. Of the 22 variables, 13 had significant coefficients that varied in sign. PC2 varied significantly with habitat (ANOVA, p < 0.05) but not latitude. In coastal populations, the peristome and petaloids tended to be more posteriorly positioned and the food grooves were branched more peripherally. These features correspond to the greater tendency for coastal specimens to use their posterior end to suspension feed.

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Evaluation, Effect of Whitening Agents on Physico-Chemical and Functional Properties of Sardine Surimi (Sardina pilchardus)

Asian Food Science Journal ◽

10.9734/afsj/2021/v20i1130378 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 74-89

Author(s):

Imen Zaghbib ◽

Soumaya Arafa ◽

Hassouna Mnasser

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Functional Properties ◽

Principal Component ◽

Textural Properties ◽

The Other ◽

Sardina Pilchardus ◽

Whitening Agent

The effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) treatments on the colour and textural properties of sardine surimi (Sardina pilchardus) were studied. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied in order to investigate their effects and to determine the optimum whitening agents used. Addition of CaCO3 and H2O2 significantly improved whiteness of surimi in comparison to NaHCO3 treatments (p < 0.05). Some textural damage and a reduction in WHC values were observed for surimi treated withH2O2 and NaHCO3 (p < 0.05). PCA biplot showed that 1.5% CaCO3 tended to result in improved whiteness, WHC and textural properties since 1.5% CaCO3 sample sits closer to these functional properties vector lines than the other treatments. Whereas, 2.5% H2O2 had positively affected only the whiteness parameter. Results indicated that treating mince with the appropriate type and concentration of whitening agent can improve the functional properties of surimi, particularly from fish species with darker meat such as sardine. Aims: In order to improve whiteness and functional properties of sardine surimi (Sardina pilchardus), the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) treatments were studied. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied in order to investigate their effects and to determine the optimum whitening agents used. Study Design: Experimental Research Design Place and Duration of Study: Research Unit “Biopreservation and Valorisation of Agro-Food Products” of the Higher Graduate School of Food Industry of Tunisia. The study was conducted in 3 months. Methodology: Sardine surimi samples were prepared with different treatments at different concentrations: calcium carbonate (CaCO3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Proximate composition, total pigment, whiteness, water holding capacity and textural properties were investigated. Optimal levels of each whitening agent were determined using PCA. Results: Addition of CaCO3 and H2O2 significantly improved whiteness of surimi in comparison to NaHCO3 treatments (p < 0.05). Some textural damage and a reduction in WHC values were observed for surimi treated withH2O2 and NaHCO3 (p < 0.05). PCA biplot showed that 1.5% CaCO3 tended to result in improved whiteness, WHC and textural properties since 1.5% CaCO3 sample sits closer to these functional properties vector lines than the other treatments. Whereas, 2.5% H2O2 had positively affected only the whiteness parameter. Conclusion: Results indicated that treating mince with the appropriate type and concentration of whitening agent can improve the functional properties of surimi, particularly from fish species with darker meat such as sardine.

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Ancestry inference and grouping from principal component analysis of genetic data

10.1101/2020.10.06.328203 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Florian Privé

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Principal Component ◽

Genetic Data ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Easy Access ◽

1000 Genomes Project ◽

1000 Genomes ◽

Euclidean Distances ◽

Ancestry Inference ◽

The Uk

AbstractHere we propose a simple, robust and effective method for global ancestry inference and grouping from Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of genetic data. The proposed approach is particularly useful for methods that need to be applied in homogeneous samples. First, we show that Euclidean distances in the PCA space are proportional to FST between populations. Then, we show how to use this PCA-based distance to infer ancestry in the UK Biobank and the POPRES datasets. We propose two solutions, either relying on projection of PCs to reference populations such as from the 1000 Genomes Project, or by directly using the internal data. Finally, we conclude that our method and the community would benefit from having an easy access to a reference dataset with an even better coverage of the worldwide genetic diversity than the 1000 Genomes Project.

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Ranking Cultivated Blueberry for Mummy Berry Blight and Fruit Infection Incidence Using Resampling and Principal Components Analysis

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.45.8.1205 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 45 (8) ◽

pp. 1205-1210 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mark K. Ehlenfeldt ◽

James J. Polashock ◽

Allan W. Stretch ◽

Matthew Kramer

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Principal Component ◽

The Other ◽

Breeding Strategies ◽

Relative Resistance ◽

Term Variation ◽

Components Analysis ◽

Infection Stage ◽

Selection Of

Mummy berry disease of blueberry has two distinct phases: a blighting phase that infects emerging shoots and leaves early in the spring and a flower infection phase that ultimately leads to infected (mummified) fruit. Cultivated blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) genotypes that are resistant to one phase are not necessarily resistant to the other phase. The resistance of cultivated blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) genotypes to each phase of the disease is different. A large number of cultivars were screened for resistance to each phase. Cultivar standards (cultivars with well-documented responses to the disease) were used in the screening to evaluate long-term variation and aid comparisons across years. Using nine standards for the blight phase, 125 cultivars were tested and ranked for relative resistance using a ranking system based on resampling and principal component analysis. Similarly, using six standards for the flower/fruit infection stage, 110 blueberry cultivars were tested and ranked for relative resistance. Cultivar rankings show that lowbush cultivars and other types possessing high percentages of lowbush germplasm are generally more resistant to both phases of the disease. Among highbush cultivars, Bluejay is reliably resistant to both phases. Documentation of resistance to each phase will allow selection of cultivars for planting in affected areas and will facilitate the development of breeding strategies to produce cultivars with superior resistance.

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Evaluation of the Quality of Chinese and Vietnamese Cassia Using LC-MS and Multivariate Analysis

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1300800118 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 1934578X1300800

Author(s):

Ken Tanaka ◽

Feng Li ◽

Yasuhiro Tezuka ◽

Shiro Watanabe ◽

Nobuo Kawahara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Herbal Medicine ◽

Principal Component ◽

The Other ◽

Chemical Composition Of Water ◽

Different Types ◽

Marker Compounds

In the present study, the chemical composition of water extracts of Chinese and Vietnamese cassia (Cinnamomum cassia) were compared using multivariate analysis of LC-MS data. By principal component analysis of the LC-MS data, 6 compounds, cinnzeylanine (1), cinnzeylanol (2), anhydrocinnzeylanol (3), cinncasinol A (4), epicatechin (5) and procyanidin B2 (6), were identified as the marker compounds to characterize Chinese and Vietnamese cassia. It was clarified that Chinese cassia contains relatively larger amounts of epicatechin and procyanidin B2. On the other hand, Vietnamese cassia is characterized by a relatively larger amount of diterpenes. As catechin derivatives and diterpenes have different types of activity, it is important to choose the cassia that best suits the product for which it is to be used, whether in food or in herbal medicine.

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