scholarly journals Breaking seed dormancy of Astragalus penduliflorus Lam.

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Dziurka ◽  
Edyta Skrzypek ◽  
Franciszek Dubert
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Breaking Seed Dormancy ◽  
Impermeable Seed Coat

<em>Astragalus penduliflorus</em> Lam. is an alpine-subalpine species. Several isolated populations occur in Europe: in the Alps, Pyrenees, Carpathians and in central Sweden. <em>Astragalus penduliflorus</em> is considered as critically endangered species in Poland, growing only at the locality in the Smytnia Valley, in the Western Tatra Mountains. The population is at risk, due to the limited reproduction caused by law rate of seed germination, periodically shortened vegetation period that prevent seed development and gnawing the aerial plant parts by deer. The aim of the study was to explain the reason for the poor germination of <em>A. penduliflorus</em> seeds. As a result of mechanical scarification, 100% of <em>A. penduliflorus</em> seeds germinated, which proved that these seeds are characterized by a water-impermeable seed coat, which classified them as hard seeds that go through physical dormancy. Results obtained in this work can be used for effective reproduction and active conservation of threatened <em>A. penduliflorus</em>.

Physical dormancy in seeds of Dodonaea viscosa (Sapindales, Sapindaceae) from Hawaii

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry M. Baskin ◽  
Barbara H. Davis ◽  
Carol C. Baskin ◽  
Sean M. Gleason ◽  
Susan Cordell
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
White Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Dodonaea Viscosa ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Critical Moisture Content ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Critical Moisture ◽  
Impermeable Seed Coat

Dormancy in seeds ofDodonaea viscosais due to a water-impermeable seed coat (physical dormancy, PY). Thus, mechanically scarified seeds imbibed water (c.95% increase in mass) and germinated to high percentages over a wide range of temperature regimes in both white light and darkness, whereas non-scarified seeds did not take up water. Dry heat at 80–160°C and dipping in boiling water for 1–60 s also broke dormancy in a high percentage of the seeds, and continuous far-red light was not inhibitory to germination. However, dry storage in the laboratory for >1 year did not overcome dormancy. Seeds made water-permeable by boiling imbibed water, and thus germinated, at a much slower rate than those made water-permeable by mechanical scarification. We suggest that boiling opened the ‘water gap’ in the seed coat (not yet described inSapindaceaebut present in other taxa with PY) and that water entered the seed only through this small opening, thereby accounting for the slow rate of imbibition and subsequent germination. Physical dormancy has now been shown to occur in seeds of this polymorphic, worldwide species from Australia, Brazil, Hawaii, Mexico and New Zealand. The low level of dormancy reported for seed lots ofD. viscosain China, India and Pakistan is probably due to collection of seeds before they dried to the critical moisture content for development of water-impermeability of the seed coat. Germination of non-dormant seeds over a wide range of temperatures and in white light, far-red (leaf-canopy shade) light and darkness are part of the germination strategy ofD. viscosaand of other taxa whose seeds have PY at maturity.

scholarly journals Development and characteristics of selected soybean traits under the climatic conditions of Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 191-202
Author(s):  
Edward Warzecha
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Breeding Programmes

Trials with 200 soybean mutants from GDR revealed, that only 34 (17%) of them ripened under the conditions of Central Poland. There results corrborate the frequent opinion about the poor adaptability of this species. The length of the vegetation period of the tested mutants was between 146 and 163 days, with wide differences in various years of testing. Mutants: M-4855, M-4961, M-4149 and M-4852 had short vegetation period therefore there are interesting for breeders. These mutants together with other forms with a longer vegetation period but characterized by other desirable traits could be used as components in breeding programmes. The variability of many characters was highly affected by the environment. Morphological traits being more stable and determined by the genotype. Protein and fat content in seeds from the tested materials were within the limits commonly found in soybean seeds in Poland.

scholarly journals Techniques for breaking seed dormancy of rainforest species from genus Acronychia

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
Ganesha S. Liyanage ◽  
Catherine A. Offord ◽  
Karen D. Sommerville
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
Breaking Seed Dormancy ◽  
Impermeable Seed Coat

We tested for dormancy in three species of Acronychia (Rutaceae) occurring in the rainforest in eastern Australia, A. imperforata, A. laevis and A. oblongifolia, by incubating fresh intact seeds on 0.8% water agar for one month at 25/10°C. Four different techniques were then tested for their effect on dormancy: (i) incubation of intact seeds on agar incorporating gibberellic acid (GA3); (ii) seed coat removal (decoating); (iii) scarification near the radicle emergence point (scarification-emergence point); and (iv) scarification opposite the radicle emergence point (scarification-back). Imbibition tests were performed to determine whether dormancy was due to an impermeable seed coat. Germination differed among treatments, but all three species showed a similar pattern. Intact seeds showed < 6% germination after one month indicating the presence of dormancy. Highest germination (> 65%) was observed following scarification-emergence point treatment. Seed coat removal also resulted in increased germination (40-47%), in comparison with intact seeds, but GA3 and scarification-back treatments did not (< 12%). Though the seedcoats of all species were permeable, increased germination responses to decoating and scarification-emergence point treatments suggest scarification is required to clear the radicle emergence point. This may be a useful dormancy-breaking technique for Acronychia spp. and may be suitable for related Rutaceae species.

A new seed coat water-impermeability mechanism in Chaetostoma armatum (Melastomataceae): evolutionary and biogeographical implications of physiophysical dormancy

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaella C. Ribeiro ◽  
Denise M.T. Oliveira ◽  
Fernando A.O. Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
First Report ◽  
Germination Ecology ◽  
Impermeable Seed Coat ◽  
Structure Water

AbstractDetermining the phylogenetic and biogeographic distribution of physical dormancy remains a major challenge in germination ecology. Here, our goal was to describe a novel water-impermeable seed coat mechanism causing physical dormancy (PY) in the seeds of Chaetostoma armatum (Melastomataceae). Although seed coat permeability tests indicated a significant increase in seed weight after soaking in distilled water, anatomical and dye-tracking analyses showed that both water and dyes penetrated the seed coat but not the embryo, which remained in a dry state. The water and dye penetrated the lumen of the exotestal cells, which have a thin outer periclinal face and thickened secondary walls with U-shaped phenolic compounds. Because of this structure, water and dye do not penetrate the inner periclinal face of the exotestal cells, indicating PY. Puncturing the seeds increased germination more than tenfold compared to that of the control, but GA3 did not increase germination further. A significant fraction of the seeds did not germinate after puncturing, indicating that embryos are also physiologically dormant (PD). This paper constitutes the first report of the water-impermeable seed coat in the Myrtales and the first report of physiophysical (PD+PY) dormancy in a shrub from a tropical montane area.

scholarly journals Distribution and Phytocoenotic Context of Kobresia simpliciuscula (Wahlenb.) Mack. in South-Eastern Carpathians

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Mihai PUSCAS
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Alpine Plant ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
The Alps ◽  
The One ◽  
Southern Carpathians

This study proposes a critical analysis of the distribution and habitat requirements of the rare arctic-alpine plant species Kobresia simpliciuscula (Wahlenb.) Mack. in the South-Eastern Carpathians. The species was recorded in this part of Carpathians only from Romania, in Bucegi Mountains. The mention of K. simpliciuscula in Rodna Mountains (Eastern Carpathians) is considered to be erroneous. K. simpliciuscula was found in the Southern Carpathians in a different habitat type compared to the one characteristic for populations in the Arctic and the Alps. The species does not grow in the pioneer phytocoenoses of the Caricion bicoloris-atrofuscae alliance but, on the contrary, in dry calciphilous alpine vegetation included in Oxytropido-Elynion. The plant communities where K. simpliciuscula was found in Bucegi Mountains belong to Achilleo schurii-Dryadetum (Beldie 1967) Coldea 1984. These phytocoenoses are very similar to those described for the species in Belianske Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians, Slovakia).

A meta-analysis of the effects of treatments used to break dormancy in seeds of the megagenus Astragalus (Fabaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-233
Author(s):  
Elias Soltani ◽  
Jerry M. Baskin ◽  
Carol C. Baskin ◽  
Fatemeh Benakashani
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Edaphic Conditions ◽  
Geographic Boundaries ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Breaking Seed Dormancy

AbstractAstragalus is the largest genus of seed plants with 3000 or more species that occurs naturally on several continents. The genus has some use as a forage and medicine and in industry, and many of the species are rare endemics threatened with extinction. The seeds are reported to be dormant at maturity, and various treatments have been used in an attempt to germinate them. Our primary aim was to determine via a meta-analysis the most effective way(s) to break dormancy in seeds of this species-rich genus. Mechanical and chemical (conc. sulphuric acid) scarification were by far the best of 12 treatments for breaking seed dormancy of the 40 species included in our meta-analysis, whereas prechilling, gibberellin and smoke were ineffective. These results along with those of imbibition tests confirm that seeds of the examined Astragalus species have physical dormancy (PY). Further, PY in these 40 species and (its documented occurrence) in 118 species that could not be included in our meta-analysis transcends climatic and geographic boundaries, edaphic conditions, life cycle/life form types and infrageneric phylogeny. Thus, it seems likely that most species of Astragalus have PY. However, in addition to PY, physiological dormancy (PD), that is, combinational dormancy (PY + PD), has been reported in a few species of Astragalus. This study should be useful to both basic and applied scientists who want to germinate seeds of Astragalus.

Growth, ion composition, and stomatal conductance of peas exposed to salinity

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 682-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Maksimović ◽  
Marina Putnik-Delić ◽  
Ivana Gani ◽  
Jovana Marić ◽  
Žarko Ilin
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Plant Chemical ◽  
Diffusive Resistance ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Continuous Presence ◽  
Hoagland Nutrient Solution

AbstractAvailability of irrigation water of appropriate quality is becoming critical in many regions. Excess salt in irrigation water represents a risk for crop yield, crop quality, and soil properties. During the short vegetation period, field peas require high amounts of water, and irrigation is often indispensable for successful production. Steady presence of NaCl (0.1, 0.2, 0.6 or 1.2 g NaCl L−1 in 1/2 strength Hoagland nutrient solution) under semi-controlled conditions reduced growth and resulted in shorter vegetation. Disturbances in the peas’ water regime were provoked by NaCl, as water content in pea tissues was reduced and stomatal density and stomatal diffusive resistance increased in the presence of higher NaCl concentrations. Concentration of Na+ increased in all pea tissues with increased NaCl concentration in the nutrient medium. In the presence of NaCl, concentrations of K+, Ca2+ and Pi increased in roots, stems and leaves, and decreased and in pods and grains. Concentration ratios Na+/K+, Na+/Ca2+, K+/Ca2+ and (Na++K+)/Ca2+ in various plant parts were affected as well, but magnitudes of changes were variable. Continuous presence of NaCl in concentrations frequently met in irrigation waters significantly reduced pea growth, impaired the water regime, and altered plant chemical composition.

Vegetative Propagation Studies in Myrica esculenta (Kafal) - A Non-Legume Nitrogen Fixing Species

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
S.P. Chaukiyal
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Mist Chamber ◽  
Myrica Esculenta ◽  
Impermeable Seed Coat

Myrica esculenta is a wild nitrogen fixing tree, growing naturally in the forest edges at high elevation rain fed areas. This species is generally propagated via seeds but physical dormancy caused by impermeable seed coat causes an unreliable germination pattern. In the present study different types of cuttings were collected and planted in an open side area at Khirsu as well as in mist chamber after treating with different hormonal (IBA) doses i.e. 1000 ppm; 2000 ppm; 4000 ppm; 6000 ppm and one set was soaked in water and kept as control. No rooting was observed from any type of cutting however, only few cuttings at 4000 ppm IBA treatment in the June month were sprouted and died after three weeks of transplanting. In case of air layering, maximum roots were sprouted in the air layered treatments done during post summer or rainy season whereas, air layered done during winter season or pre summer season, no response was observed. Maximum (15.83%) rooting was recorded in the 4000 ppm IBA followed by 6000 ppm (9.17%), 2000 ppm (6.67%) and minimum in 1000 ppm (4.17%) treatments. In this study overall 7.17 per cent rooting was recorded in first year and 1.67 per cent in second year. The air layering done in the VMG at Dehradun all air layered branches except control showed rooting and better performance was recorded in 4000 ppm IBA than other. Both seed and air layered raised plants when planted in the field their growth and survival percentage was almost similar.

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