THE LEVEL AND PRICE VOLATILITY OF BLUEBERRY FRUITS (VACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM L.) OBTAINED BY PRODUCER AND ON THE WHOLESALE MARKET DURING 2007-2016

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (2) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wioletta Wróblewska ◽  
Eugenia Czernyszewicz
Keyword(s):  
Export Price ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Price Changes ◽  
Market Prices

The aim of the study was to assess the level and volatility of prices of blueberry obtained in the farm (in wholesale on the domestic market and in export) and on the wholesale market during 2007-2016, due to choice of distribution channel. The level, direction and intensification of price changes were analyzed. The study shows that the prices of blueberry at the producer level were characterized by greater volatility than the wholesale market. Prices obtained by the producers on wholesale on the domestic market were significantly lower than in exports and in the wholesale market, on average in the analyzed period accounted for only 69% of the export price and 52% of the wholesale market price. Regardless of where the price comes from,the highest price for fruits was obtained in September, and the lowest in August, which is the month of the largest supply of fruits on the market.

scholarly journals The Dynamic Relationship between Crude Oil Prices and Stock Market Price Volatility in Nigeria: A Cointegrated VAR-GARCH Model

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
David Adugh Kuhe
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Garch Model ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Crude Oil Prices ◽  
Long Run

This study investigates the dynamic relationship between crude oil prices and stock market price volatility in Nigeria using cointegrated Vector Generalized Autoregressive conditional Heteroskedasticity (VAR-GARCH) model. The study utilizes monthly data on the study variables from January 2006 to April 2017 and employs Dickey-Fuller Generalized least squares unit root test, simple linear regression model, unrestricted vector autoregressive model, Granger causality test and standard GARCH model as methods of analysis. Results shows that the study variables are integrated of order one, no long-run stable relationship was found to exist between crude oil prices and stock market prices in Nigeria. Both crude oil prices and stock market prices were found to have positive and significant impact on each other indicating that an increase in crude oil prices will increase stock market prices and vice versa. Both crude oil prices and stock market prices were found to have predictive information on one another in the long-run. A one-way causality ran from crude oil prices to stock market prices suggesting that crude oil prices determine stock prices and are a driven force in Nigerian stock market. Results of GARCH (1,1) models show high persistence of shocks in the conditional variance of both returns. The conditional volatility of stock market price log return was found to be stable and predictable while that of crude oil price log return was found to be unstable and unpredictable, although a dependable and dynamic relationship between crude oil prices and stock market prices was found to exist. The study provides some policy recommendations.

scholarly journals A Comparison of World and Domestic Price Volatilities of Oilseeds: The Ethiopian Case

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2(J)) ◽  
pp. 145-161
Author(s):  
Zerihun G. Kelbore
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
World Market ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Series Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Price Risks ◽  
The Government

This study investigates and compares oilseeds price volatilities in the world market and the Ethiopian market. It uses a monthly time series data on oilseeds from February 1999 to December 2012; and analyses price volatilities using unconditional method (standard deviation) and conditional method (GARCH). The results indicate that oilseeds prices are more volatile, but not persistent, in the domestic market than the world market. The magnitude of the influence of the news about past volatility (innovations) is higher in the domestic market for Rapeseed and in the World market for Linseed. However, in both markets there is a problem of volatility clustering. The study also identified that due to the financial crisis the world market price volatilities surpassed and/or paralleled the higher domestic oilseeds price volatilities. The higher domestic oilseeds price volatility may imply that the price risks are high in the domestic oilseeds market. As extreme price volatility influences farmers` production decision, they may opt to other less risky, low-value and less profitable crop varieties. The implications of such retreat is that it may keep the farmers in the traditional farming and impede their transformation to the high value crops, and results in lower income hindering the poverty reduction efforts of the government. This is more important to consider today than was before, because measures undertaken to reduce poverty must bring sustainable change in the lives of the rural poor. For this reason, agricultural policies that enable farmers cope with price risks and enhance their productivity are crucial.

Price Comparisons under the South African Anti-dumping Laws

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saloni Khanderia
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Real World ◽  
Export Price ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Domestic Industry ◽  
Price Comparisons ◽  
Physically Identical ◽  
Made In

South Africa has been one of the most prolific users of anti-dumping, where the number of investigations initiated by it has far outweighed the number of imports. The methods adopted by South African anti-dumping authorities have been quite polemic given the consistent faux pas in determining if the prices of the imported product and the domestic product are even comparable. Moreover, in the real world, it rarely happens that the products being sold in the domestic market of the exporting country and the ones being sold to the importing country are physically identical, and sold under the same conditions in both these markets. Accordingly, it becomes fundamental for South Africa’s anti-dumping authority—the International Trade Administrative Commission—to ensure that these prices, namely the normal value and the export price, are comparable, before adjudging whether or not the domestic industry has suffered injury as a result of dumping. Hence, both these prices would need certain adjustments to be made, in compliance with the WTO’s Anti-Dumping Agreement, to ascertain that they have occurred at the same level of trade. Additionally, because anti-dumping duties, either in the form of provisional or definitive duties, can only be imposed by investigating authorities after they have determined that the dumped imports have caused injury to the domestic market, price comparisons become increasingly vital and in turn influence the analysis of the effect of prices on the domestic like product. This article thus analyzes price comparisons under South Africa’s most recent anti-dumping investigations, to determine whether these are even consistent with the Anti-Dumping Agreement requirements on the same.

scholarly journals Market of Colored Bell Peppers and an Estimated Profitability for the Production in Greenhouses in Florida

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1139A-1139
Author(s):  
Elio Jovicich ◽  
John J. VanSickle ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe ◽  
Peter J. Stoffella
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
North Central ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Greenhouse Crops ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Bell Peppers

The uninterrupted supply of high quality colored peppers to the U.S. is mainly from imports of greenhouse-grown fruits. Average year-round wholesale market price of these imports was $4.80/kg when U.S. field-grown fruit price was $1.60/kg for colored and $0.91/kg for green. High market prices and a suitable environment for growing colored peppers in inexpensive protected structures led to construction of 25 ha of greenhouses currently growing peppers in Florida. Greater demand for specialty vegetable crops, loss of methyl bromide, and an increase in urban sprawl and price of arable land may result in growers considering greenhouses to produce high value peppers. We estimated the profitability of a greenhouse enterprise with a budget analysis and calculated the returns to capital and management. We assumed use of current technology applied in commercial greenhouse crops in Florida, and in experimental crops at the Univ. of Florida. Revenues per square meter were estimated from current yields and historical fruit price data. Plants were grown in perlite in a high-roof polyethylene-covered greenhouse (0.78 ha) located in north central Florida. Transplanting occurred in August and fruits were harvested from November to May for a yield of 13 kg·m-2 with a total cost of production of $41.09 and an estimated return of $17.89. The return on investment was 17%. Only yields greater than 7.8 kg·m-2 generated positive returns using the average wholesale fruit price during the season ($5.29/kg). For this price, a range of possible yields (5–17 kg·m-2) led to returns ranging from $–9.52 to $30.84, respectively. The estimates indicated that production of greenhouse-grown peppers could represent a viable production alternative for Florida vegetable growers.

The Prediction of Shadow Price Based on Grey Theory

2014 ◽  
Vol 501-504 ◽  
pp. 2610-2613
Author(s):  
Chao Yu Xu
Keyword(s):  
Shadow Price ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Grey Theory ◽  
Model Forecast ◽  
Price Changes ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Gray Theory

The shadow price is based on price changes in market prices, "price estimate", which still lag behind the changes in the market price.The paper calculated shadow price sensitive to changes in resource pricesdegrees, through the gray theory GM (1,1) model forecast the market price, and speculated that the estimated price of the next period resources.

Demand Response and FERC Mandated Compensation Issues

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Lincoln
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Energy Markets ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Demand Response Programs

This paper describes a Demand Response (DR) pilot event performed at Sandia National Laboratories in August of 2011. This paper includes a description of the planning for the demand response event, sources of energy reduction during the event, the potential financial benefit to Sandia National Laboratories from the event, event implementation issues, and the event results. In addition, this paper presents the implications of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Order 745, Demand Response Compensation in Organized Wholesale Energy Markets, issued in March 2011. In this order FERC mandates that demand response suppliers must be compensated by the organized wholesale energy markets at the local market price for electricity during the hour the demand response is performed. Energy management in a commercial facility can be segregated into energy efficiency and demand response. Energy efficiency focuses on steady state load minimization. Demand response reduces load for event-driven periods during the peak load. Commercial facility demand response refers to voluntary actions by customers that change their consumption of electric power in response to price signals, incentives, or directions from grid operators at times of high wholesale market prices or when electric system reliability is jeopardized. Demand-response-driven changes in electricity use are designed to be short-term and centered on critical hours during the day when demand is high or when the electricity supplier’s reserve margins are low. Demand response events are typically scheduled between 12:00 p.m. and 7:00 p.m. on eight to 15 days during the hottest period of the year. Analysis has determined that automated demand response programs are more efficient and effective than manually controlled demand response programs due to persistence. FERC has stated that their Order 745 ensures organized wholesale energy market competition and removes barriers to the participation of demand response resources. In Order 745, FERC also directed that the demand response compensation costs be allocated among those customers who benefit from the lower prices for energy resulting from the demand response. FERC has allowed the organized wholesale energy markets to establish details for implementation methods for demand response compensation over the next four years following the final Order issue date. This compensation to suppliers of demand response can be significant since demand response is typically performed during those hours when the wholesale market prices are at their highest levels during the year.

scholarly journals Asymmetric price transmission in the distribution channels of pork: Focusing on the effect of policy regulation of Sunday sales by hypermarkets in Korea.

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 499-509
Author(s):  
Heesun Lim ◽  
Byeong-il Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Market Efficiency ◽  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Price Transmission ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Asymmetric Price Transmission ◽  
Market Inefficiency ◽  
Traditional Market ◽  
Retail Prices

In this paper, we investigate whether there exists market inefficiency in the distribution channel of pork by estimating a developed partial adjustment model that captures the asymmetric price transmission from wholesale to retail prices. The estimation results show that market efficiency exists for the wholesale and two types of retail markets in the distributional channel of pork in Korea. The government's regulation on Sunday sales by hypermarkets plays a significant role in increasing market efficiency, forcing more competition among hypermarkets, and changing the structure of asymmetric price transmission from wholesale to traditional market prices. The results suggest that the policy goal has been achieved in the traditional market by leading to a more efficient price forming due to a lessened degree of asymmetric price transmission from the wholesale price. Although market inefficiency has been maintained in the distribution channel between wholesale market and hypermarket, the behavior of price setting by hypermarkets has not been influenced by the policy.

scholarly journals Fruit and Vegetable Prices and Perceptions in Mercalaspalmas Wholesale Market

Innovar ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (55) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Rodriguez-Feijoo ◽  
Alejandro Rodriguez-Caro ◽  
Carlos Gonzalez-Correa
Keyword(s):  
Market Price ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Price Behavior ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Perceived Price ◽  
Significant Factors

This paper studies the behavior of fruit and vegetable prices in a wholesale market. Its aims are: a) to examine price behavior and changes; and b) to identify statistically significant factors in the perception of prices and to quantify the effect of these factors on the market price. For this purpose, daily data were obtained on modal prices at the Mercalaspalmas wholesale market from 2006 until mid-2010. The results obtained show there is a similar degree of flexibility in price increases and decreases, and show the product to be the determinant element in setting prices. There was found to be a strong degree of price permanence, in the sense that changes take place slowly and following a lag. The following significant factors were identified in the perception of prices: the length of time a price has remained unchanged in the market; the period during which a product has been absent from the market; the quantities traded at a given price; and the index of market prices. However, the quantitative effect of this body of factors on the perceived price is very limited.

Solar Renewable Energy Credit Price Volatility and Investment Returns: Have Policies Stranded Capital Investment?

Commonwealth ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Youssefi ◽  
Patrick L. Gurian
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Investment Model ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Investment Returns

Pennsylvania is one of a number of U.S. states that provide incentives for the generation of electricity by solar energy through Solar Renewal Energy Credits (SRECs). This article develops a return on investment model for solar energy generation in the PJM (mid-­Atlantic) region of the United States. Model results indicate that SREC values of roughly $150 are needed for residential scale systems to break even over a 25-­year project period at 3% interest. Market prices for SRECs in Pennsylvania have been well below this range from late 2011 through the first half of 2016, indicating that previous capital investments in solar generation have been stranded as a result of steep declines in the value of SRECs. A simple conceptual supply and demand model is developed to explain the sharp decline in market prices for SRECs. Also discussed is a possible policy remedy that would add unsold SRECs in a given year to the SREC quota for the subsequent year.

Crude Oil Price and Food Security Related Variables in Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Shri Dewi Applanaidu ◽  
Mukhriz Izraf Azman Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Food Price ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Crude Oil Price ◽  
Price Changes ◽  
Oil Price Volatility ◽  
Crude Oil Prices

Objective - This study analyzes the dynamic relationship between crude oil price and food security related variables (crude palm oil price, exchange rate, food import, food price index, food production index, income per capita and government development expenditure) in Malaysia using a Vector Auto Regressive (VAR) model. Methodology/Technique - The data covered the period of 1980-2014. Impulse response functions (IRFs) was applied to examine what will be the results of crude oil price changes to the variables in the model. To explore the impact of variation in crude oil prices on the selected food security related variables forecast error variance decomposition (VDC) was employed. Findings - Findings from IRFs suggest there are positive effects of oil price changes on food import and food price index. The VDC analyses suggest that crude oil price changes have relatively largest impact on real crude palm oil price, food import and food price index. This study would suggest to revisiting the formulation of food price policy by including appropriate weight of crude oil price volatility. In terms of crude oil palm price determination, the volatility of crude oil prices should be taken into account. Overdependence on food imports also needs to be reduced. Novelty - As the largest response of crude oil price volatility on related food security variables food vouchers can be implemented. Food vouchers have advantages compared to direct cash transfers since it can be targeted and can be restricted to certain types of products and group of people. Hence, it can act as a better aid compared cash transfers. Type of Paper - Empirical Keywords: Crude oil price, Food security related variables, IRF, VAR, VDC

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