PROBLEM OF FOOD WASTE IN THE POLICIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION FOOD SECURITY

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (3) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Biernat-Jarka ◽  
Paulina Trębska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Europe Today ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the paper was to present initiatives which leads the European Union in the framework of food safety policy in the area of preventing and reducing levels of food waste. These activities take place both at national, regional and local level in the EU. Food waste occurs in each stage of growing raw materials and production to the consumption. The scale of food waste is huge. Approximately 140 billion tons of food is wasted every year in Europe today. This article reviews the literature in this area and analysis of secondary sources from FAO and Eurostat.

European experience in transition to circular economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Ratner
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
European Experience ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Eu

Subject. The article considers the concept of circular economy, which has originated relatively recently in the academic literature, and is now increasingly recognized in many countries at the national level. In the European Union, the transition to circular economy is viewed as an opportunity to improve competitiveness of the European Union, protect businesses from resource shortages and fluctuating prices for raw materials and supplies, and a way to increase employment and innovation. Objectives. The aim of the study is to analyze the incentives developed by the European Commission for moving to circular economy, and to assess their effectiveness on the basis of statistical analysis. Methods. I employ general scientific methods of research. Results. The analysis of the EU Action Plan for the Circular Economy enabled to conclude that the results of the recent research in circular economy barriers, eco-innovation, technology and infrastructure were successfully integrated into the framework of this document. Understanding the root causes holding back the circular economy development and the balanced combination of economic and administrative incentives strengthened the Action Plan, and it contributed to the circular economy development in the EU. Conclusions. The measures to stimulate the development of the circular economy proposed in the European Action Plan can be viewed as a prototype for designing similar strategies in other countries, including Russia. Meanwhile, a more detailed analysis of barriers to the circular economy at the level of individual countries and regions is needed.

scholarly journals National Food Safety Systems in the European Union: A Comparative Survey

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Hadjigeorgiou ◽  
Elpidoforos S. Soteriades ◽  
Anastasios Philalithis ◽  
Anna Psaroulaki ◽  
Yiannis Tselentis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
European Union ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Comparative Survey ◽  
Safety Systems ◽  
Central Level ◽  
The Eu

This paper is a comparative survey of the National Food Safety Systems (NFSS) of the European Union (EU) Member-States (MS) and the Central EU level. The main organizational structures of the NFSS, their legal frameworks, their responsibilities, their experiences, and challenges relating to food safety are discussed. Growing concerns about food safety have led the EU itself, its MS and non-EU countries, which are EU trade-partners, to review and modify their food safety systems. Our study suggests that the EU and 22 out of 27 Member States (MS) have reorganized their NFSS by establishing a single food safety authority or a similar organization on the national or central level. In addition, the study analyzes different approaches towards the establishment of such agencies. Areas where marked differences in approaches were seen included the division of responsibilities for risk assessment (RA), risk management (RM), and risk communication (RC). We found that in 12 Member States, all three areas of activity (RA, RM, and RC) are kept together, whereas in 10 Member States, risk management is functionally or institutionally separate from risk assessment and risk communication. No single ideal model for others to follow for the organization of a food safety authority was observed; however, revised NFSS, either in EU member states or at the EU central level, may be more effective from the previous arrangements, because they provide central supervision, give priority to food control programs, and maintain comprehensive risk analysis as part of their activities.

scholarly journals Agricultural performance in the V4 countries and its position in the European Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 337-346
Author(s):  
Szabo Luboslav ◽  
Grznar Miroslav ◽  
Zelina Michal
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Agricultural Performance ◽  
Farm Accountancy Data Network ◽  
Visegrad Group ◽  
The Eu

The paper is devoted to an analysis of the development of agrarian farms in Visegrad Group (V4) countries, primarily in terms of results and the most important production inputs of production factors and their efficiency in the period from 2004 to 2013 based on the EU Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN). The results of the analysis show that if farms in the V4 countries want to achieve the same performance as developed countries, they must invest more in purchasing intensification factors and adjust the structure of assets production specification. It will be necessary to stop the reduction in the numbers of livestock and to strive for growth in gross farm income, mainly through the processing of agricultural raw materials.

scholarly journals Environmental aspects of agricultural policies of the European Union countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
Anna Lytvynchuk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State Support ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Eu

At present, the state of the economy of the agricultural sector in many countries of the world, including in the countries of the European Union (EU), inherent in developed industry, has led to the transition to a new environmentally oriented agricultural policy. An important role is assigned to state support of agricultural producers, through subsidies, preferential credit policy, and in some countries, the complete abolition of taxation of entrepreneurial activity in rural areas, which confirms the relevance and national economic significance of the article. In domestic agroeconomic science and practice, there is no scientific concept of state participation in the process of bringing the agricultural sector out of the crisis. Research objectives – consider the development policy of the agricultural sector of the EU countries; study the level of state support for agricultural producers. The purpose of the work is to consider the degree of development of the agricultural policy of the EU countries in the context of ensuring food security. The methods and methodology of the research were general scientific, particular methods of cognition, including the historical and logical, the method of observation and comparison. Shows the main approaches to state regulation of the development of the agro-industrial sector at the level of the European Union as a whole and in the context of member countries; characteristic features and principles that determine the success and integrity of a unified agricultural policy; factors contributing to the productivity of agricultural land; agro-ecological requirements restricting the import of genetically modified products; the main tasks in the development of a new policy of the agrarian sector of the economy; priority directions of regulation of measures to support agricultural producers, integrated development of rural areas, increasing the competitiveness of the EU agricultural sector. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that this study will allow the state bodies of Belarus to better understand how it is necessary to form an agricultural policy in the context of ensuring food security.

scholarly journals European Union Legislation Overview about Used Vegetable Oils Recycling: The Spanish and Italian Case Studies

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 798
Author(s):  
Jesus Ibanez ◽  
Sonia Martel Martín ◽  
Salvatore Baldino ◽  
Cristina Prandi ◽  
Alberto Mannu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
New Production ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Eu

The employment of used vegetable oils (UVOs) as raw materials in key sectors as energy production or bio-lubricant synthesis represents one of the most relevant priorities in the European Union (EU) normative context. In many countries, the development of new production processes based on the circular economy model, as well as the definition of future energy and production targets, involve the utilization of wastes as raw material. In this context, the main currently applied EU regulations are presented and discussed. As in the EU, the general legislative process consists of the definition in each State Member of specific legislation, which transposes the EU indications. Two relevant countries are herein considered: Italy and Spain. Through the analysis of the conditions required in both countries for UVOs’ collection, disposal, storage, and recycling, a wide panorama of the current situation is provided.

The Status of Vascular Surgery as an Independent Specialty in Europe: Are the Relationships with General and Cardiothoracic Surgery a Problem?

Vascular ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P. Paaske
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Vascular Surgery ◽  
Continuing Medical Education ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Coherent System ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Eu

Vascular surgery has established a clear clinical and scientific profile in Europe over the last decade, but it presents a highly complex, disorganized, and unplanned pattern. It is a specialty in the majority of the present member states of the European Union (EU), but in the United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden this is not the case. With the current expansion of the EU with 13 countries, mainly from the former Eastern Bloc, it will be even more necessary to ensure at least some level of convergence in the standards of training, certification, quality assured practice, continuing medical education, recertification, access to and quality of care, etc, because free migration of doctors, and patients, is a derivative of the cornerstones of the EU treaties, namely free movement of the citizens (and capital). The profession has been successful in creating a simple and coherent system for organization within the European Union of Medical Specialists with a board of vascular surgery, for a (voluntary) European proficiency test for specialists (the EBSQ-Vasc), and for European continuing medical education, all in close collaboration with the premier scientific society, the European Society for Vascular Surgery. The fantastic reductions in working hours for young doctors in the EU represent a serious threat to standards of training and, ultimately, to the patients. This, in connection with increased litigation and compensation demands for incompetence and negligence, makes it even more necessary to establish European minimum standards for training, professional competence, and an obligatory European specialist examination. A key element in this difficult process is the establishment of vascular surgery as a specialty in all member states. Day-to-day collaboration with radiologic interventionalists has developed pragmatically at the local level in most places, but only when the administrative structures mature and vascular surgery becomes a specialty in all countries will the necessary tools be available for the avoidance of professional conflicts with colleagues from other specialties.

The impact of the European Union visa liberalisation process on the reduction of organised crime and corruption in Kosovo

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 123-139
Author(s):  
Paulina Szeląg
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Track Record ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

On January 19, 2012, the European Commission (Commission) decided to launch a visa liberalisation dialogue with Kosovo, and on June 14, 2012, it handed over to Kosovo’s government a ‘Roadmap Towards a Visa-free Regime’. This document included 95 requirements that Kosovo had to fulfil. By 2016, the Commission had adopted four reports on progress made by Kosovo in the visa dialogue. In a report issued on May 4, 2016, the EC proposed to the Council of the EU (Council) and the European Parliament (EP) to lift visa requirements on the citizens of Kosovo. The Commission stressed that by the day of the adoption of the proposal by the EP and the Council, Kosovo must have ratified the border/boundary agreement with Montenegro and strengthened its track record in the fight against organised crime and corruption. On July 18, 2018, the Commission confirmed in a report on the progress made by Kosovo in the visa dialogue, that the country had fulfilled the last two requirements included in the roadmap. The aim of this article is to analyse the visa-liberalisation dialogue between the European Union (EU) and Kosovo and whether liberalisation through a visa-free regime with Kosovo had an influence on reducing organised crime and corruption in Kosovo. The article is based on an analysis of primary and secondary sources, as well as statistical data.

Recent developments in Raw Materials Policy in the European Union: perspective of EuroGeoSurveys as a data supplier

2018 ◽  
Vol 472 (472) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Vidovic ◽  
Slavko Solar
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Mineral Raw Materials ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Raw Materials Policy

Mineral Raw Materials are of strategic importance for Europe’s economic growth and societal development. The European Commission addressed this challenge through the Raw Materials Initiative (RMI), stakeholders’ platform, the European Innovation Platform on Raw Materials (EIP-RM), and Horizon 2020 funding. The aim is to ensure security and sustainability of mineral raw materials supply from EU domestic and other primary and secondary sources and management of competing uses of the European surface and subsurface. The sustainable supply of raw materials from European sources requires an improved knowledge base of raw materials within the EU, namely the European Union Raw Materials Knowledge Base (EURMKB), where EuroGeoSurveys, the Geological Surveys of Europe, is one of the key data providers. Current European Commission policies have the same objectives that will be fully implemented in near future. The Mobility Package and its implementation activities (such as European Battery Alliance) and tools (including Horizon Europe) will strengthen the raw materials position in an overall EU policy setting.

scholarly journals Ekonomiczna dostępność żywności w państwach Unii Europejskiej

2018 ◽  
Vol 18(33) (4) ◽  
pp. 345-358
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Maciejewski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Uneven Distribution ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Earned Income ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Food Expenditure ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
The Eu

Satisfying hunger and thirst is a basic right of every human. The economic access to food is one of the four necessary conditions to provide food security of countries and their citizens. Data from FAO, European Parliament or statistics from Eurostat show that the problem of economic access to food concerns countries of the European Union as well. The aim of the paper is to present the magnitude of the problem of economic access to food in the EU countries. The conducted research proves that the described problem cannot be underestimated. The food expenditure still constitutes to be one of the main groups of households’ expenditures, for instance in countries like Romania or Lithuania, where it exceeds 20% of overall expenditure. More than half of the citizens of the EU struggle to cover the expenditure with earned income. The situation is even harder because of the uneven distribution of malnutrition in particular countries.

scholarly journals Mining Waste as a Potential Additional Source of HREE and U for the European Green Deal: A Case Study of Bangka Island (Indonesia)

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Karol Zglinicki ◽  
Rafał Małek ◽  
Krzysztof Szamałek ◽  
Stanisław Wołkowicz
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Mineral Chemistry ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Mining Waste ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Eu

The European Commission has adopted the European Green Deal strategy, which aims to achieve climate neutrality in the EU by 2050. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to shift the economy toward the use of green and renewable energy. Critical raw materials (CRMs), Li, Co, REE, Te, Sc and others, are used in renewable energy sources (RES) production. The EU lacks its own CRM deposits, and additionally, the access to already identified deposits is limited, which is making the EU countries search for alternative CRM sources. One such source of CRMs may be mining waste generated on the Indonesian island of Bangka as a result of processing cassiterite-bearing sands. Studies of the mineral composition of the waste using the XRD method reveal rich contents of xenotime (0.79–17.55 wt%), monazite (1.55–21.23 wt%), zircon (1.87–64.35 wt%) and other minerals, carriers of valuable metals, such as Sn, Ti, Nb, Ta. The point mineral chemistry analyses were performed using EPMA. Xenotime is the main carrier of heavy rare earth elements (HREE), especially the “most critical” HREEs: Gd2O3 (1.42–7.16 wt%), Dy2O3 (2.28–11.21 wt%), Er2O3 (2.44–7.85 wt%), and Yb2O3 (1.71–7.10 wt%). Xenotime is characterized by a complex internal structure resulting from metasomatic processes occurring during their formation. In SEM-BSE imaging, they show zonation of internal structure, which is the effect of an HREE, Y, Si and U substitution in the crystal structure. On the other hand, thorite ThSiO4 and uranothorite (Th,U)SiO4 inclusions are present in xenotimes. The ICP-MS/ES studies of tailings reveal very high contents of HREE + Y (up to 7.58 wt%), U (up to 0.11), Th (up to 0.75 wt%) and Sc (132 ppm). A CRM source diversification is part of the strategy to ensure the security of raw materials for countries of the European Union and the green transformation of the continent. Bilateral EU–Indonesia cooperation in the geological exploration and development of primary and secondary sources may contribute to an increase in the supply of HREEs to the global market.

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