TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF BLACKBERRY WASTE SEED EXTRACT OBTAINED UNDER SUPERCRITICAL CO2 CONDITIONS WITH SORBITAN ESTERS COMPOSITONS

Tribologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 278 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
Anna MAŁYSA
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Sorbitan Monolaurate ◽  
Paraffin Oil ◽  
Linear Load ◽  
Motion Resistance ◽  
Load Increase ◽  
Sorbitan Esters

This paper presents results of tribological research of a composition containing as a base, extract of waste blackberry seeds obtained by extraction under supercritical carbon dioxide conditions with sorbitan esters as additives (sorbitan trioleate (STO) sorbitan monolaurate (MLS) and etoxylated sorbitan monolaurate (EO20MLS)). The influence of the concentration of surfactants on the motion resistance, wear and anti-seize properties of the obtained lubricants was analysed. Two types of tests were performed: seizure, with linear load increase and constant load (four-ball device T02). The obtained test results compared to the results for the base (pure extract) to paraffin oil and rapeseed oil were related. It was found that the addition of sorbitan esters to the extract has a greater effect on the improvement of anti-seizure properties than on the reduction of resistance to movement and wear to the base.

Comparison of Test Results for Uniaxial Compression of Frozen Soil in Response to Constant Load and to Incremental Loading

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.I. Aksenov ◽  
A.V. Iospa ◽  
D.N. Krivov ◽  
K.V. Ozeritskii ◽  
V.V. Doroshin
Keyword(s):  
Uniaxial Compression ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Incremental Loading

scholarly journals Investigation of the Performances of a Diesel Engine Operating on Blended and Emulsified Biofuels from Rapeseed Oil

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6661
Author(s):  
Vladimir Anatolyevich Markov ◽  
Bowen Sa ◽  
Sergey Nikolaevich Devyanin ◽  
Anatoly Anatolyevich Zherdev ◽  
Pablo Ramon Vallejo Maldonado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Flow Simulations

The article discusses the possibility of using blended biofuels from rapeseed oil (RO) as fuel for a diesel engine. RO blended diesel fuel (DF) and emulsified multicomponent biofuels have been investigated. Fuel physicochemical properties have been analyzed. Experimental tests of a diesel engine D-245 in the operating conditions of the external characteristic curve and the 13-mode test cycle have been conducted to investigate the effect of these fuels on engine performances. CFD simulations of the nozzle inner flow were performed for DF and ethanol-emulsified RO. The possibility of a significant improvement in brake thermal efficiency of the engine has been noted. The efficiency of using blended biofuels from RO as a motor fuel for diesel engines has been evaluated based on the experimental test results. It was shown that in comparison with the presence of RO in emulsified multicomponent biofuel, the presence of water has a more significant effect on NOx emission reduction. The content of RO and the content of water in the investigated emulsified fuels have a comparable influence on exhaust smoke reduction. Nozzle inner flow simulations show that the emulsification of RO changes its flow behaviors and cavitation regime.

Creep Model Based on Theta Projection and Omega Method for Predicting the Creep Behavior of Alloy

2007 ◽  
Vol 353-358 ◽  
pp. 533-536
Author(s):  
Bong Min Song ◽  
Jong Yup Kim ◽  
Joon Hyun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Creep Behavior ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Creep Model ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Creep Data ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Omega Method ◽  
Improved Model ◽  
Term Creep

Creep testing of Alloy 718 has been carried out at various loads in the temperature range near 650°C in constant load control mode in order to understand how to predict the creep behavior including tertiary creep. The test results have been used for evaluating the existed models, such as Theta projection and Omega method that have been widely used for predicting long term creep strain and rupture time. After determining variables and material parameters of each method with the test results, estimated creep data from each model have been compared with the each measured creep data from the creep tests. The root cause of the discrepancy between estimated and measured data has been analyzed in order to improve the existed methods. The reliability of the improved model has been evaluated in relation to creep data.

Bolt Load Changes Due to Internal Pressure in Gasketed Flange Connections

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Nagata ◽  
Mitsuhiro Matsumoto ◽  
Toshiyuki Sawa
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Performance Point ◽  
Load Factors ◽  
Sealing Performance

Bolt load changes due to internal pressure are very important in order to evaluate the integrity of gasketed flange connections in the sealing performance point of view, because its gasket stress which dominates leak rate changes according to the bolt load changes. For establishing a connection possesses high reliability and sufficient integrity, it is necessary to clarify the mechanics ofgasketed flange connections. For this purpose, authors carried out experimental pressurizing tests for 3B and 20B gasketed flange connections clamped by various bolt preloads and measured the bolt load changes with increasing internal pressure up to 5MPa. Also a load factor, which is defined as the ratio of axial bolt force increment to pressure thrust force, was calculated using the test results. The test results indicate that 3B and 20B flange connections with the spiral wound gaskets have a constant load factors under sufficient initial clamping forces in assemble.

Analysis on the Movement Effect of Lunar Rover Wheel

2013 ◽  
Vol 307 ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Wei Jin ◽  
Jian Qiao Li ◽  
Shi Chao Fan ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Yang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Soil ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Lunar Rover ◽  
Movement Effect ◽  
Motion Resistance ◽  
Soil Bin ◽  
Passing Ability ◽  
Drawbar Pull ◽  
Driving Torque

It is important to analyze mechanical relationship between lunar wheel and lunar soil for studying passing ability of regolith in lunar soil. Mechanical relationship between lunar wheel and regolith could be reflected by these parameters such as sinkage, drawbar pull, driving torque, motion resistance and slip when the lunar wheel moves. Thus, it is necessary to analyze these parameters of lunar wheel by soil bin test. The test results show that, the four parameters increase with slip and loading, except motion resistance of the test wheel which is under 70N at the speed of 25mm/s. The variations of the four parameters are not significantly influenced by velocity. The variations of the four parameters are significantly influenced by loading.

scholarly journals FORMULASI DAN UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EDIBLE FILM EKSTRAK BIJI PINANG (Areca catechu Linn)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Wida Ningsih
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Edible Films ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Edible Film ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Areca Catechu

ABSTRACTThe tannins contained in areca nut extract can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. To facilitate the use of betel seed extract as an antibacterial, it was formulated into an edible film with a concentration of 2.5%, 3% and 3.5%. Making edible films using solvent casting method and testing antibacterial activity using blood agar diffusion method. The edible film of areca nut extract made an evaluation included organoleptic, thickness, brittleness, water content, pH, and swelling test. The evaluation results of betel nut edible fim extract showed almost the same characteristics as the edible fim that had been circulating in the market which was used as a comparison. The presence of antibacterial activity from edible pinang seed extract is marked by the formation of clear zones. The test results of antibacterial edible activity of areca nut extract films 2.5%, 3% and 3.5% showed the average diameter of clear zone was 14.96 mm, 15.49 mm and 17.05 mm which were included in the strong category.Keywords: Areca catechu Linn, antibacterial, edible film, tannin, streptococcus

scholarly journals Performance and emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine operating with rapeseed oil and jp-8 fuel blends

2015 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Gvidonas Labeckas ◽  
Irena Kanapkienė
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Engine Load ◽  
Fuel Blends

The article presents experimental test results of a DI single-cylinder, air-cooled diesel engine FL 511 operating with the normal (class 2) diesel fuel (DF), rapeseed oil (RO) and its 10%, 20% and 30% (v/v) blends with aviation-turbine fuel JP-8 (NATO code F-34). The purpose of the research was to analyse the effects of using various rapeseed oil and jet fuel RO90, RO80 and RO70 blends on brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, emissions and smoke of the exhaust. The test results of engine operation with various rapeseed oil and jet fuel blends compared with the respective parameters obtained when operating with neat rapeseed oil and those a straight diesel develops at full (100%) engine load and maximum brake torque speed of 2000 rpm. The research results showed that jet fuel added to rapeseed oil allows to decrease the value of kinematic viscosity making such blends suitable for the diesel engines. Using of rapeseed oil and jet fuel blends proved themselves as an effective measure to maintain fuel-efficient performance of a DI diesel engine. The brake specific fuel consumption decreased by about 6.1% (313.4 g/kW·h) and brake thermal efficiency increase by nearly 1.0% (0.296) compared with the respective values a fully (100%) loaded engine fuelled with pure RO at the same test conditions. The maximum NOx emission was up to 13.7% higher, but the CO emissions and smoke opacity of the exhaust 50.0% and 3.4% lower, respectively, for the engine powered with biofuel blend RO70 compared with those values produced by the combustion of neat rapeseed oil at full (100%) engine load and speed of 2000 rpm.

scholarly journals Energy Dissipated in Fatigue and Creep Conditions

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4724
Author(s):  
Stanisław Mroziński ◽  
Zbigniew Lis ◽  
Halina Egner
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fatigue Load ◽  
P91 Steel ◽  
Fatigue Process ◽  
Energy Dissipated ◽  
Load Conditions

The paper presents the results of tests performed on samples made of P91 steel under combined variable and constant load conditions, at temperature T = 600 °C. The analysis of the test results was carried out with the use of the energetic description of the fatigue process. It was shown that the order of occurrence of the fatigue load and creep in the load program influences the fatigue life and the value of the energy cumulated in the sample until fracture.

scholarly journals Effect of Papaya Seed Extract (Carica papaya Linn.) on Glucose Transporter 4 (GLUT 4) Expression of Skeletal Muscle Tissue in Diabetic Mice Induced by High Fructose Diet

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Devyani Diah Wulansari ◽  
Achmad Basori ◽  
Suhartati Suhartati
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Results ◽  
High Fructose Diet ◽  
Glut4 Expression ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Papaya Seed

Ethnobotany surveys show that papaya seeds are widely used as herbs for the management of some diseases such as abdominal discomfort, pain, malaria, diabetes, obesity, and infection. This research was conducted to analyze the effect of papaya seed extract on GLUT4 expression on skeletal muscle tissue of DM type II model induced by high fructose diet. This study used 24 animals, divided into 4 groups of negative control group, treated with papaya seed extract 100 mg / kgBB, 200 mg / kgBW and 300 mg / kgBW, was adapted for 14 days then induced by fructose solution 20% Orally with a dose of 1.86 grams / kgBB for 56 days. The treatment group was given papaya seed extract in accordance with the dose of each group for 14 days. GDP levels was measured using a spectrophotometer. Skeletal muscle tissue is used on the gastrocnemius part. GLUT4 expression was measured through a Immunoreactive Score (IRS) method with immunohistochemical staining using GLUT4 polyclonal antibodies. Comparative test results showed that there were significant differences between groups (p <0.05) in final GDP variables and GLUT4 expression. Pearson correlation test results show that the value p = 0.001, meaning there is a significant relationship between GLUT4 expression with final GDP levels. The result of simple linear regression analysis showed that p = 0,000 (<0,05), meaning that dose of papaya seed extract had a significant influence on GLUT4 expression.

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