ABOUT THE PLACE AND ROLE OF ETHICS IN TOURISM

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 11-30
Author(s):  
Marek Kazimierczak
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Ethical Reflection ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Text Interpretation ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose. The aim of the article is to deepen the philosophical and ethical reflection on the phenomenon of modern tourism which forms the opportunity to determine the objective scope regarding ethics of practical tourism, its tasks and goals. Method. In addition to the classical methods based on analysis and synthesis of research material, the author applies elements of the historical-comparative method, as well as the hermeneutic method for text interpretation. Findings. As it turns out, in the subject-related literature, there is no extensive theory of tourism ethics that could fill the clear gap appearing in the studies on the axiological nature of relationships and relations in tourism. In this article, the author tries to show that it is not possible to separate ethics from the issue of development in general and the development of tourism in particular. Research and conclusions limitations. Ethical reflection on a post-modern tourism has revealed a number of barriers and limitations faced by ethical behavior in the sphere of tourism, especially when talking about the possibility of self-realisation or self-realisation through participation in tourist travels. Practical implications. In-depth understanding of the ethical problems concerning modern tourism can favor behaviors going beyond everyday tourist practices. Originality. The article is an attempt at synthetic summary of the most important issues and moral dilemmas faced by a contemporary tourism. Type of paper. The article constitutes a review, in which theoretical and historical themes interlace with empirical examples concretising the theses put forward.

scholarly journals Ethical problems of restoration and expert activities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Revenok
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Definition Of

The purpose of the article is to highlight the ethical problems and requirements for the restoration of historical and cultural monuments in the practical work of a museum restorer, to identify scientific and methodological issues in the preservation of works of museum value, to determine the need for a theoretical analysis of international codes for the restoration, conservation, and examination of monuments. The methodology is based on the historical-comparative method; the method of art history analysis for the processing of historical, cultural, scientific literature. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the theoretical substantiation of the conclusions regarding the limits of permissible restoration intervention. Conclusions. Scientific restoration is inextricably linked with a comprehensive study of works of art, the conditions of its existence in a cultural and historical context. The discrepancy in the definition of the concept of «restoration» provides a more accurate formulation and pays attention to the tasks and methods of restoration. The development of international codes of ethics, domestic laws in the context of the study of terms such as «restoration», «conservation», «expertise» shows that all regulatory documents emphasize the special role of the restorer, who must constantly improve his professional skills.

scholarly journals The Role of Sacred Landscape in Sufism: a Mountain

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
L. E. Ismoilov ◽  
◽  
R. T. Yuzmukhametov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Semantic Interpretation ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Sacred Landscape ◽  
Mountain Landscape ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Comparative

The article is devoted to the issue of a sacred landscape (a mountains) in the Sufi writings of Transoxiana of the 16th century. The pertinence of this theme is due to the need to study the issue of semantic interpretation of the concept of a sacred landscape, namely mountains, in Sufi writings. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to reveal various meanings of the concept of “a sacred landscape” in the manaqibs of Transoxiana of the 16th century by such authors as Khoja Iskhoki Kalobodi, Mahmud ibn Wali, Muhammad Alim al-Siddiqi al-Alawi and others, which contain important information on this topic. Main methods used in the study are the historical-comparative method, and the method of literary analysis, which allow us to create a holistic idea of the symbolism of landscapes (mountains, deserts, rivers) in the Sufi writings of Transoxiana in the 16th century. The subject of this study is specific features of a mountain landscape and the reasons for its attractiveness for a travelling Sufi. An inner spiritual search led the lonely Sufi to high and endless mountain surroundings where he found an answer to the needs of his mental and spiritual anxiety.

scholarly journals The Political Environment of the Cities of Northern Kazakhstan at the Cusp of the 19th-20th Centuries

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
G.Zh. Sultangazy
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Space ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Emerging Media ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Systemic Crisis ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
Historical Comparative

Cities of the northern part of Kazakhstan at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries had played the role of administrative units for a long period; however, the gradual development of the urban environment and the integration of the cities of the national outskirts into the system of socio-economic relations of the empire led to the formation cooperation of a citizen not only in the economic aspect, but also, in the political aspects. The research attempted to analyze the processes associated with the formation of a political space in a colonial city, where representatives of the national intelligentsia were the subjects, and the emerging media and public spaces were the tools. The author insists that the political component of the city had developed in the context of the all-Russian political situation. The systemic crisis in all spheres of the state's life demanded new formats of their rights struggle. Under these conditions, the intelligentsia takes the initiative and develops its own style of struggle, expressed in the creation of newspapers, which will later become the print organs of the parties. For example, the newspaper "Kazakh" will become the official organ of the Alash party. Thus, the author argues that the formation of the political space in the colonial city is the result of the activities of the intelligentsia. The article uses the data of the regional archives of Kostanay, Petropavlovsk and NurSultan cities. One of the methods of this research was the historical and genetic one, which allows considering the problems in its development and identifying patterns. The use of the historical-comparative method revealed differences in the development of Kazakhstan historiography.

2. Natural law and morality

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-73
Author(s):  
Raymond Wacks
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Moral Realism ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Natural Law Theory ◽  
Law And Morality ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter discusses the relationship between the ancient classical theory of natural law and its application to contemporary moral questions. It considers the role of natural law in political philosophy, the decline of the theory of natural law, and its revival in the twentieth century. The principal focus is on John Finnis’s natural law theory based largely on the works of St Thomas Aquinas. The chapter posits a distinction between ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ natural law, examines the notion of moral realism, and examines the tension between law and morality; and the subject of the moral dilemmas facing judges in unjust societies.

scholarly journals Determination of the subject of history of state and law in Russian legal science in the late 1950s – early 1960s

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-87
Author(s):  
Tatiana Yashchuk
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Science Of History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Comparative

The subject of this research is analysis of the process and key approaches towards determination of the subject of history of state and law of Russia in in the late 1950s – early 1960s, considering the designation of science and academic discipline in this period as “The History of State and Law of the USSR”. The research is based on chronological, institutional, and historical-comparative methods. The chronological method allowed reconstructing representation on the subject of the science of history of state and law of the Soviet Union in historical sequence. The institutional method established the basic framework for discussion the subject of science. The historical-comparative method ensured comparison of different approaches towards understanding of the subject of science. It is determined that the initiators of determination of the subject of history of state and law were the educators of historical-legal disciplines. The author reveals and analyzes the main publications that contain records of comprehension of the subject of science. Characteristic is given to the circle of scholars dealing with the indicated problematic. The authorial approaches are discussed.  The general and peculiar comprehension of the subject of science is demonstrated. The general consists in determination of the subject based on the historical type of state and law, highlighting the significance and specificity of the Soviet state and law. The differences pertain to setting priorities in the subject of science: establishment of general patterns in evolution of state and law, or examination of particular phenomena, processes and institutions in the history of state and law. The acquires results can be applies in the history of legal science. Discourse on the subject of history of state and law that unfolded in the late 1950s – early 1960s was beneficial to the advancement of historical-legal science.

scholarly journals “The Night of the AdEaters”: Pelevin and Baudrillard

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Tatiana Anatolievna Skoropad
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject

The relevance of this work is substantiated by the fact that advertising as a special language of communication of modern society becomes the subject of research in different human sciences. Culturology, as complex field of humanities knowledge that encompasses sociocultural experience of the people reflected in traditions and norms, customs and laws, representations, assessments and actions, also studies various cultural phenomena. The author pursues the goal to interpret the phenomenon of popularity of advertising as a specific marker of consumer society. For achieving the set goal, analysis is conducted on the phenomenon of durability and popularity of the French show The Night of the AdEaters”. Research methodology is comprised of descriptive and systematic analysis of empirical facts in examining the role of advertising in postmodern society. Comparative method is used for drawing parallels between the works of J. Baudrillard and V. Pelevin from the perceptive of their criticism of consumer society. The author analyzes and characterizes modern consumer society, transformation of human values, and the important role allotted to advertising plays in this society. The conclusion is made that advertising becomes a part of everyday culture, impacts people’s life, contributes to formation of values system, mentality, worldview. In human mind, advertising transforms information into the image, and dictates the demands and interests, demonstrates ideals, helps formulating the goals.

scholarly journals TO THE STUDY OF THE MECHANISM OF TRIGGERING THE PLACEBO EFFECT: PLACEBO AND AUTO-SUGGESTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
A.V. Khaikin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Effect ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Linear Structure ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Positive Expectation ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Of Research

The current state of research on the placebo effect is considered. The task is set to develop the idea of the role of positive expectation in the mechanism of placebo implementation. A number of assumptions concerning the nature of placebo and approaches to its study are put forward. Consideration of the effect in its linear structure can contribute to the study of the nature of the placebo. It is useful to understand this phenomenon as consisting of a stage of psychological triggering and a stage of psychosomatic and physiological implementation. In turn, it is useful to consider the first of them as consisting of a preliminary stage of forming a positive (or negative – with nocebo) expectation, confidence in a certain effect of a placebo agent, and the stage of actually triggering a placebo. When implementing the placebo effect, the active expectation of a certain internal process and its result activates the mechanism of auto-suggestion, within which the expected is realized. The placebo is triggered by the implementation of one of the types of autosuggestion process, which does not presuppose any purposeful actions of the subject, for example, orders addressed to the unconscious. A significant part of the studies of the placebo effect nature can be carried out within the framework of the study of the mechanisms and patterns of this way of autosuggestion, which is triggered by the confident active expectation of the subject in the onset of certain internal changes. It is clear that such studies can be carried out in contexts other than those of placebo and nocebo implementation, for example, neutral in relation to the physical and emotional state and make their conduct not burdened with ethical problems. Which, of course, can significantly contribute to the intensification of the study of the placebo nature. It is concluded that the proposed concept develops the thesis about the necessary role of positive expectation in the implementation of the placebo effect, explaining the role of expectation in the mechanism of its launch. Understanding the mechanism of the placebo effect as a mechanism for self-suggestion will significantly simplify the conditions for experimental studies of placebo patterns and creates a context for further research.

scholarly journals Activity of the Prosecutor's Office of Khakass Autonomous Oblast in the 1960s (based on archival materials)

2021 ◽  
pp. 218-224
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Olegovna Chekushkina
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Functional Method ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Percentage Ratio

Leaning on the archival materials, this article examines the work of the Prosecutor's Office of Khakass Autonomous Oblast in the 1960s, as well as highlights positive and negative aspects therein. The object of this research is the Soviet Prosecutor's Office. The subject is the activity of the Prosecutor's Office of Khakass Autonomous Oblast in the 1960s. Archival sources contain meeting protocols, briefing notes on the work of city and district prosecutor's offices of Khakass Autonomous Oblast, internal reports on the work of the prosecutor's office, etc. The article employs the historical-comparative method for studying the types of activity of district prosecutor’s offices of Khakass Autonomous Oblast and criminal situation in these districts; quantitative methods for tracing the amount of crime, percentage ratio, number of cases, etc.; systemic-functional method for consideration of tasks faced by the prosecutor's office. The main types of activity in the 1960’s indicate oversight activity, crime prevention, legal propaganda, monitoring the execution of the decrees of the Prosecutor General of the Soviet Union, participation of the prosecutors in court hearings, consideration and resolution of citizens’ complaints.

Behavior and Ethical Problems in the Functioning of the Operating Theater (Case Study)

2016 ◽  
pp. 1272-1297
Author(s):  
Anita Wójcik ◽  
Michał Chojnacki
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Ethical Reflection ◽  
Operating Theater ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Systematic Development

The progress of civilization and the dynamic development of the various branches of science is inevitable. Subsequent centuries brought behind the systematic development of medicine and nursing. This action always was and still is accompanied by ethical reflection. Widely understood ethics shall attempt to catch an eternal with the changes, especially in the protection of the essence of the man as well as his health. Image of medicine allows us to understand that the subject of immediate medical ethics is not just a doctor and a nurse, but that there are often entire therapeutic teams of health care professionals and patients themselves. Concern about the health of their ownership presupposes and active partnership in the process of treatment. Contemporary ethics interfere in every element of medicine, generating doubts and at the same time trying to normalize them, included in the specified frame. Operating theaters and the people working there are not free from this type of dilemma.

The emergence and proliferation of the shaloput sect in the Pavlograd district of the Yekaterinoslav province (second half of the 19th century)

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Special Scientific ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

Purpose. The article aims to highlight the history of the emergence and spread of the shaloput sect in the Pavlograd district of the Yekaterinoslav province. Research methodology. The methodological basis of the article is formed by the principles of historicism and objectivity, implemented using several methods: general logical (analysis and synthesis), as well as classification, comparative, and periodization methods. Scientific novelty. For the first time in Russian historiography, the subject of a special scientific study was the sect of pranksters and its activities in the Yekaterinoslav province. Based on missionary and police reports, the role of Grigory Shevchenko in the creation of the sect is considered, the area of ​​its distribution within the region is highlighted, the national and social composition of its members is determined. Conclusions. It has been established that Grigory Shevchenko brought in the Pavlograd district of the Yekaterinoslav province the shaloput doctrine from the southern Ukrainian regions, probably from the Tauride province. The sect he created was by its nature Christover or Khlyst. Its dogmas and ceremonial were of a pronounced mystical coloring. Grigory Shevchenko remained a completely independent leader of a group of his fellow believers, he did not belong to any more ramified community, and his community throughout its existence remained an autonomous unit. The attitude of the dignitaries of the Russian Orthodox Church and representatives of the secular authorities to the new religious organization was extremely negative. Various means of pressure were used against the sectarians: from forced interviews to sentences of the rural community and outright repression by punitive bodies.

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