BASICS OF A PERSONALIZED APPROACH TO MEDICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF CARDIAC SURGERY PATIENTS

The concept of a personalized approach is becoming more and more popular in modern medicine. Today it is often understood as a multidisciplinary approach designed to improve therapeutic options, as well as help diagnose diseases at an early stage. In a cardiac surgery clinic, such an approach can take into account not only biological, but also psychological risk factors for the disease, especially its history, clinical condition, mental and psychological status to create an individual route within the framework of medical and psychological support for the patient at the stages of treatment and rehabilitation. The aim of the work was to develop, based on the analysis of the literature and the authors' own work experience, the organizational and psychological foundations for the implementation of a personalized approach in medical and psychological support of cardiac patients. The fundamental principles of support in the work include the following: the principle of accessibility, the principle of openness, the principle of continuity, the principle of complexity, the principle of integrativity, the principle of differentiation, the principle of variability, the principle of participativeness, the principle of awareness, the principle of prevention. In the process of medical and psychological support of cardiac surgical patients within the framework of a personalized approach, the most optimal was the identification of the following clinical stages, different in duration and content, corresponding to the periods of outpatient and inpatient treatment and rehabilitation of patients: preoperative outpatient, preoperative inpatient, early postoperative, postoperative inpatient, postoperative rehabilitation and rehabilitation outpatient stages. For each of the clinical stages of medical and psychological support, a differentiation of goals, objectives, duration and expected results of the impact was carried out, which makes it possible to personalize the programs for accompanying a cardiac patient and individualize the route for each patient, taking into account the specificity and relevance of the influence of biologi cal, psychological and social factors.

PROFESSIONAL RETRAINING IN PRE-RETIREMENT ADULTS: CHALLENGES AND RISKS

The article addresses pre-retirement adults as a subject of retraining, while giving special consideration to the correlation between psychological wellbeing and successful education, as well as to the importance of psychological treatment for overcoming challenges at this stage of life. Purpose of our study is to find the prohibitory and contributory factors of pre-retirement professional retraining. Increased retirement age and, as a result, extended work life have become a burning question in Russian society. New pre-retirement adults are facing new challenges – they have to make choices to determine their future career. At the same time, occurring limitations (age, personality, experience, etc.) are causing risks and difficulties in further training. Crucial component of successful acquisition of new information, completion of professional retraining programs and subsequent employment is psychological well-being. National government has developed, implemented, and funded retraining programs. According to the Russian Ministry of Labor and Social Protection, 2019 exceeded the target for fulfilling retraining contracts. However, the statistics does not state if people are actually content with their retraining. Apart from age, there are other factors that can influence education efficiency. Pre-retirement is an important life stage having an array of aspects to be considered in work with this group as they can affect one's mental health. The study results might be used by specialists of employment centers, professional retraining educators, and pre-retirement psychologists.

THE LEFT-HAND DENTAL STUDENTS

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difficulties faced by LH students of dental faculty and the effect of their training program on the musculo-skeletal system. A survey of 11 questions was used to get the necessary data for further analysis. The results of the study showed that the percentage of LH students in the faculty is 7.32 percent (40 of 546). The prevalence of left-handedness of males (9.59%) is higher than that of females (6.03%). The majority of LH students (85%) confirmed that their sinistrality is of no significance in their life organization. LH students neglect that their sinistrality has a significant effect on their dental practice, this is due to their limited experience in practice. The majority of the LH students (85%) prefer using special dental units designed to fit their needs. 35% of the students approved that they started experiencing symptoms of MSDs during their practical phase of studies. The results of this study suggest that LH dental students require special educational atmosphere which would yield in a more professional undergraduates with high efficiency in the work field.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE GENESIS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA ON THE MANIFESTATIONS OF POSTTRAUMATIC GROWTH: A THEORETICAL REVIEW

The study of the prerequisites and consequences of psychological traumatization is an urgent area of research both in domestic and foreign Clinical Psychology. The types of psychotraumatic influences and their influence on the individual, his/her personal and social functioning are studied in detail. For a long time, the research attention has been mainly focused on the negative consequences of traumatic stress. However, the victims themselves also note positive changes after coping with psychological trauma – posttraumatic growth. Posttraumatic growth should be considered as a subjective process of personality changes while the coping process. The article is devoted to the analysis of the characteristic manifestations of posttraumatic growth depending on the genesis of psychological trauma. The logic of the presentation is determined by F. Ruppert's typology of psychological traumas: (1) existential psychological trauma; (2) psychological trauma of loss; (3) psychological trauma of the relationship; (4) psychological trauma of systemic relationships. The manifestations of posttraumatic growth encompass the cognitive, emotional and behavioral components of the self-concept. Among the factors contributing to posttraumatic growth, openness to experience, self-reflection, autosympathy, full-fledged spiritual/existential life are indicated. Theoretical review showed that the characteristics of posttraumatic growth and the moment of their manifestation really differ depending on the type of psychotraumatic effect.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF EMOTIONAL BURNOUT SYNDROME IN MEDICAL STUDENTS

The article is devoted to the study of emotional burnout syndrome in students of medical higher educational institutions at different stages of training. The study was based on the assumption that medical students at different stages of professional training have differences in the emotional and personal sphere, in the level of sociopsychological adaptation and in the level of empathy. The aim of the study was to study the psychological aspects of burnout syndrome in medical university students at different stages of vocational training. To achieve this goal, methods were used to study emotional and personal characteristics and socio-psychological adaptation. The study revealed differences in the emotional and personal sphere and in the level of sociopsychological adaptation. Also, there are targets of influence for psychocorrective and psychoeducational work with students, namely non-adaptive adaptation strategies, ways to overcome stress and a negative assessment of prospects. And for the prevention of burnout syndrome, it is advisable to use the Stress Management program, which is aimed at teaching and training ways to effectively get out of difficult stressful situations and preserve the resource state, goal-setting skills and proactive thinking, as well as the study of various relaxation techniques.

LIFE RESISTANCE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF WOMEN RAISING A CHILD WITH HEALTH PROBLEMS

The article establishes the influence of psychoemotional stress on the psychological state of mothers who gave birth to a premature baby, in contrast to women who gave birth to a child with normal birth weight. The hypothesis of the study was that psychoemotional stress, due to premature birth in mothers, may be accompanied by a decrease in their resilience and a decrease in psychological adaptation. The individual psychological characteristics of the personality of women-mothers, the type and direction of emotional response, coping strategies, parental attitudes – indicators of the vitality and sociopsychological adaptation of women-mothers were investigated. As a result of the study, women raising a premature baby showed high emotional sensitivity and self-control, the predominance of self-accusatory reactions in emotional response to frustration, the use of non-adaptive coping strategies, which reduces vitality and reduces socio-psychological adaptation. The revealed psychological patterns can be used as targets of psychological correction in order to restore the psychological health of mothers and prevent deviations in the development of the child.

FEATURES OF MANIFESTATIONS AND INTERRELATIONS OF HARDINESS IN RUSSIAN AND INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Hardiness is one of the important psychological categories related to the resource potential of a personality, which is closely related to health and coping. The aim of the study was to define characteristics and relationships of hardiness in Russian and international medical students. 205 Russian and international students of junior courses of the medical faculty of the university were studied. We used the S. Maddy hardiness test, DemboRubinstein self-assessment technique, sociocultural questionnaire. Statistical processing included descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. It was revealed that significant differences in the severity of indicators of hardiness among Russian and international students were not revealed, which characterizes students as capable of effectively carrying out educational and professional activities and maintaining psychological balance in most stressful situations. Nevertheless, Russian and international students had certain differences in the severity of hardiness, taking into account gender and age factors. Motivation for educational and professional activity was more pronounced among Russian male students, and tolerance for uncertainty was more pronounced among female international students. International students were more involved in learning activities in the younger age group, while Russian students were more involved in the older age group. In the group of international students, it was also noted that high characteristics of hardiness were interconnected with psychological well-being and the desire to gain new experience. In Russian students, high indicators of hardiness were more interconnected with mental health, psychological well-being, the absence of harmful habits of using psychoactive substances and pronounced stress resistance. The results can become the basis for the development of university programs for adapting students to the educational environment, focused on Russian and international students, for the implementation of preventive programs and health development programs at universities, taking into account the factors of gender, age and country of origin of a student.

STUDY OF EMOTIONAL STATE AND MEANING SPHERE IN WOMEN WHO CONSCIOUSLY REFUSED MEDICAL SUPPORT DURING PREGNANCY

The article deals with the relevance of studying the phenomenon of motherhood in modern society in various aspects. It is assumed that the features of the level of psycho-emotional tension can be considered as an indicator of the actual functional state in women during pregnancy. The presence of two competing dominant foci in the perinatal period, represented as: motherhood and career, motherhood and independence, motherhood and life support of the family, motherhood and selfdevelopment, lead to the development of intrapersonal conflict. Resolution of intrapersonal conflict leads to an increase in psycho-emotional tension. Quantitative determination of the vegetative coefficient and the total deviation from the autogenic norm allows you to identify the level of psycho-emotional tension. Significant differences in the severity of the vegetative coefficient and the total deviation from the autogenic norm in women who consciously refused medical support during the period of pregnancy are described.