AUTOMATED AND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - SAFETY, APPROVAL, SOCIAL BENEFITS AND FEARS OF INTRODUCING AUTOMATIC DRIVING SYSTEMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Artur Gołowicz ◽  
Sławomir Cholewiński
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
The Road ◽  
Automatic Driving ◽  
Vehicle Type ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Type Approval ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Lane Keeping

The paper discusses the details of the work of automation systems for motor vehicles and their methods of testing. The requirements of the new UN Regulation No. 157 were presented as a tool for conducting the type-approval of automated vehicles in the field of the Automated Lane Keeping System (ALKS). The most important requirements and methods of testing ALKS systems for the vehicle type-approval are described. Evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages as well as the effects and social concerns of the implementation of such systems in relation to the road safety, has been carried out.

scholarly journals Automated Parameter Determination for Horizontal Curves for the Purposes of Road Safety Models with the Use of the Global Positioning System

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
Marcin Budzynski ◽  
Kazimierz Jamroz ◽  
Jerzy Pyrchla ◽  
Wojciech Kustra ◽  
Adam Inglot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Parameter Determination ◽  
The Road ◽  
Horizontal Curves ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Safety Models

This paper presents the results of research conducted to develop an automated system capable of determining parameters for horizontal curves. The system presented in this article could calculate the actual course of a road by means of a two-stage positioning of recorded points along the road. In the first stage, measurements were taken with a Real-Time Network (RTN) receiver installed in a research vehicle. In the second stage, pictures from three cameras, also installed in the vehicle, were analyzed in order to correct the accuracy of the location of the measurement points along the road. The RTN messages and the pictures from the cameras were sent to a mobile workstation which integrated the received signals in an ArcGIS (Esri) environment. The system provides a way to quickly accumulate highly accurate data on the actual geometric parameters of a road. The computer scripts developed by the authors on the basis of the acquired data could automatically determine the parameters of the horizontal curves. The solution was tested in the field and some comments on its advantages and disadvantages are presented in this paper. The automation of data acquisition with regards to the run of a road provides effective data input for mathematical models that include the effect of horizontal curve parameters on road safety. These could be used to implement more effective ways of improving road safety.

scholarly journals 5G-VRSec: Secure Video Reporting Service in 5G Enabled Vehicular Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Guun Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
The Road ◽  
Insider Attack ◽  
Reporting Service ◽  
Law Enforcement Agency ◽  
Innovative System

Despite an imminent arrival of the 5G communication technology, there are only a few research works done using such technology in the field of vehicular networks. One of the pioneers in proposing a service for 5G enabled vehicular networks is the Eiza-Ni-Shi Scheme. In such scheme, the authors present an innovative system model for 5G vehicular networks that enables a secure real-time video reporting service with privacy awareness. Even though the proposed service is very important since it aims to improve the road safety, it cannot be considered secure enough. This work found that the scheme has serious security flaws and functionality limitations. First, it is vulnerable to Department of Motor Vehicles and Law Enforcement Agency impersonation attacks, it allows forged video upload, there is no separation of responsibilities between Law Enforcement Agency and trusted authority, and it is susceptible to privileged insider attack. In addition, it does not contemplate the management of multiple geographic/administrative regions (multiple trusted authorities) which is important in real implementations. In this situation, the present work proposes an extended scheme that eliminates the identified security flaws and implements new features that make the implementation across several geographic/administrative regions possible.

scholarly journals Mode Switching Control Using Lane Keeping Assist and Waypoints Tracking for Autonomous Driving in a City Environment

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110566
Author(s):  
Nadjim Horri ◽  
Olivier Haas ◽  
Sheng Wang ◽  
Mathias Foo ◽  
Manuel Silverio Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Mode Switching ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Automatic Driving ◽  
Supervisory Controller ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Safety Constraints ◽  
Pure Pursuit ◽  
Lane Keeping

This paper proposes a mode switching supervisory controller for autonomous vehicles. The supervisory controller selects the most appropriate controller based on safety constraints and on the vehicle location with respect to junctions. Autonomous steering, throttle and deceleration control inputs are used to perform variable speed lane keeping assist, standard or emergency braking and to manage junctions, including roundabouts. Adaptive model predictive control with lane keeping assist is performed on the main roads and a linear pure pursuit inspired controller is applied using waypoints at road junctions where lane keeping assist sensors present a safety risk. A multi-stage rule based autonomous braking algorithm performs stop, restart and emergency braking maneuvers. The controllers are implemented in MATLAB® and Simulink™ and are demonstrated using the Automatic Driving Toolbox™ environment. Numerical simulations of autonomous driving scenarios demonstrate the efficiency of the lane keeping assist mode on roads with curvature and the ability to accurately track waypoints at cross intersections and roundabouts using a simpler pure pursuit inspired mode. The ego vehicle also autonomously stops in time at signaled intersections or to avoid collision with other road users.

scholarly journals Machine Learning to Classify Driving Events Using Mobile Phone Sensors Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Yazan Alqudah ◽  
Belal Sababha ◽  
Esam Qaralleh ◽  
Tarek Yousseff
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Motion Sensors ◽  
The Road ◽  
Crowd Sensing ◽  
Innovative Solution ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Self Driving Cars

With the ever-increasing vehicle population and introduction of autonomous and self-driving cars, innovative research is needed to ensure safety and reliability on the road. This work introduces an innovative solution that aims at understanding vehicle behavior based on sensors data. The behavior is classified according to driving events. Understanding driving events can play a significant role in road safety and estimating the expense and risks of driving and consuming a vehicle. Rather than relying on the distance and time driven, driving events can provide a more accurate measure of vehicle driving consumption.  This measure will become more valuable as more autonomous vehicles and more ride sharing applications are introduced to roads around the world. Estimating driving events can also help better design the road infrastructure to reduce energy consumption.  By sharing data from official vehicles and volunteers, crowd sensing can be used to better understand congestion and road safety. This work studies driving events and proposes using machine learning to classify these events into different categories. The acquired data is collected using embedded mobile device motion sensors and are used to train machine learning algorithms to classify the events.

scholarly journals LOW-NOISE ASPHALT APPLICATION AND ITS EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS

Akustika ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
Iuliia Rassoshenko ◽  
Anna Nikitenko ◽  
Nickolay Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
The Road ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Reduction Efficiency ◽  
Rolling Noise ◽  
Efficiency Determination ◽  
Physical Principles

Currently, the development of low-noise road surfaces in Europe, the United States and other countries is actively underway. The article describes the physical principles of noise generation when the under speed conditions, in particular rolling noise arising from the interaction of the wheel with the road, the reduction of which is the main purpose of low-noise surfaces. The types of compositions used in the world and the achieved efficiency are described. The advantages and disadvantages of each of them are analyzed. The summary on the main methods of experimental noise reduction efficiency determination using low-noise road surfaces is made. The importance of maintaining road safety and the need for additional research to determine the durability of the surfaces used.

scholarly journals Incorrect U-turning of vehicles at intersections with traffic lights

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-145
Author(s):  
Tomasz Krukowicz ◽  
Krzysztof Firląg ◽  
Ewelina Sterniczuk
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Video Observation ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
The Road ◽  
Vehicle Type ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Road Geometry ◽  
The Impact

The article describes the problem of incorrect U-turns at intersections with traffic lights. Statistical data on road incidents related to U-turns are presented. Then, the international, Polish and foreign regulations concerning u-turning at intersections with traffic lights were analysed. The situations in which U-turns are allowed or prohibit-ed are presented. The differences in design rules for junctions with U-turns in different countries have been taken into account. A literature review was also carried out that outlined various current U-turns around the world, including the design of turning places, the location of turning points, road safety when turning, and the impact of U-turns on traffic conditions. The further part of the article presents the results of field tests of the U-turn at 6 intersections located in Warsaw. The research was conducted by video observation. The results were broken down by age, gender, place of regis-tration of the vehicle, type of vehicle, and the effect of incorrect turning. Data on road incidents at the examined intersections were also analysed. Data from the database kept by the Police were compared with the measure-ment data. A regression analysis was performed between the types of recorded incorrect manoeuvres and the number of accidents at the intersection. The results of statistical analysis carried out do not indicate the existence of a relationship between the number of identified incorrect U-turns and the number of road incidents at inter-sections. Based on the research, it was found that the phenomenon of incorrect U-turns at intersections with traffic lights is common, and the use of directional (protected) signals does not eliminate this phenomenon. The conclusions indicate practical solutions to reduce the number of illegally U-turning vehicles. The recommended actions are related to the stage of shaping the road network, designing the road geometry and organizing traffic and traffic lights, and auditing road safety, as well as the stage of road operation.

scholarly journals The peculiarities of legal regulation of technical inspection of vehicles at the present stage

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
Aleksei Viktorovich Amelichkin
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Technical Inspection ◽  
The Road

The subject of this research is the system of social relations in the sphere of road safety associated with technical operation of motor vehicles. The object of this research is social relations that arise in the context of mandatory vehicle inspection. The goal lies in examination of the current normative legal framework that regulates road safety, as well as in analysis of the proposals of state authorities on cancellation of mandatory technical inspection. The author explores the issues of normative legal regulation of vehicle technical inspection at the present stage. Special attention is given to negative impact of the cancellation of mandatory technical inspection of vehicles owned by citizens and used for personal purposes upon the road safety system. The novelty lies in the need for the improvement of social relations in the area of road safety. The author discloses the content of the current legislation pertaining to vehicle technical inspection; analyzes the relevant draft laws in the area of road safety; as well as formulate recommendations for the improvement of oversight legal relations by raising the responsibility of operators of technical inspection for its quality. The acquired results can be implemented in legislative activity of government agencies, law enforcement activity, educational process of educational institutions, scientific research on the problems of road safety, improvement of the branches of the Russian legal system.

scholarly journals Impact of Autonomous Vehicles on the Physical Infrastructure: Changes and Challenges

Designs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Kareem Othman
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Geometric Design ◽  
Pavement Condition ◽  
Parking Lots ◽  
The Road ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
Multiple Issues ◽  
Lane Keeping ◽  
The Impact

Over the last few years, autonomous vehicles (AVs) have witnessed tremendous worldwide interest. Although AVs have been extensively studied in the literature regarding their benefits, implications, and public acceptance, research on the physical infrastructure requirements for autonomous vehicles is still in the infancy stage. For the road infrastructure, AVs can be very promising; however, AVs might introduce new risks and challenges. This paper investigates the impact of AVs on the physical infrastructure with the objective of revealing the infrastructure changes and challenges in the era of AVs. In AVs, the human factor, which is the major factor that influences the geometric design, will not be a concern anymore so the geometric design requirements can be relaxed. On the other hand, the decrease in the wheel wander, because of the lane-keeping system, and the increase in the lane capacity, because of the elimination of the human factor, will bring an accelerated rutting potential and will quickly deteriorate the pavement condition. Additionally, the existing structural design methods for bridges are not safe to support autonomous truck platoons. For parking lots, AVs have the potential to significantly increase the capacity of parking lots using the blocking strategy. However, the implementation of this parking strategy faces multiple issues such as the inconsistent marking system. Finally, AVs will need new infrastructure facilities such as safe harbor areas.

The Application of Matter-Element Bayesian Network Model in the Road Damage Evaluation

2011 ◽  
Vol 90-93 ◽  
pp. 1894-1899
Author(s):  
Li Dong
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Bayesian Network Model ◽  
The Road ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Objective State ◽  
Probability Information

Abstract: the extent of roads damage and road safety are closely related. This article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of Bayesian networks and it proposes that using matter-element Bayesian network model , the extent of road damage can be evaluated . The model is more scientific, more accurate and effectively ensures the unified state between subjective probability information with the objective state information . It provides accurate information for the investment decision of project maintenance .

scholarly journals Improvement of Efficiency of Operation of Forest-Motor Vehicles Based by the Device for Controlling the Swing Axle of the Trailer

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-218
Author(s):  
Петр Попиков ◽  
P. Popikov ◽  
Виктор Белозоров ◽  
V. Belozorov ◽  
Константин Меняйлов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Reference Surface ◽  
The Road ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Systemic Design ◽  
Economic Comparison

The concept of systemic design of forest machines in the new economic conditions is proposed in the article. The main provisions of the choice of a mechanism for controlling the trailer of a road train on the basis of a technical and economic comparison of options are given. The main characteristics of the management of the road train and the efficiency of the technological process of transportation are determined. The proposed work deals with the issues of controllability of vehicles, which is of considerable interest for the purpose of using such equipment for forest machines, which would provide movement over a different reference surface (snow, sand, marsh etc). It is proposed to improve the electropneumatic design of the trailer drive, taking into account the numerous and changing factors. The analysis of timber car trailer constructions is given. The advantages and disadvantages of wood transportation by multi-tier road train are considered. The main types of road sections. The article analyzes the factors influencing the operational condition of roads. The road junctions are the places where the road accident most often occurs. The probability of ensuring reliability of functioning of separate elements of the highway and also road in general in time of close conditions of operation with technical or economic advantages in comparison with traditional decisions is considered. A graph is presented for determining the speed of the road train according to the proposed method for various conditions and factors. The method of finding the transfer functions of a complex multi-mass mechanical system "VAD" is proposed. The economic efficiency of the truck fleet is determined by the specific costs of transportation of timber, representing the ratio of the sums of costs.

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