scholarly journals Karismatisk bergkrystall fra Ryfylkeheiane? Smykkestein som identitetsmarkør i yngre jernalder

Viking ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid J. Nyland
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Rock Crystal ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Late Iron Age ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Point Of Departure

In the 1960s and 1970s, large scale surveys related to hydro power developments in montane areas in Southwest Norway, recorded several rock crystals deposits and sites where crystals from these had been used both in the Stone Age and the Late Iron Age period. The Late Iron Age sites were interpreted as the first proof of locally produced rock crystal beads. In this article, I combine the production sites and rock crystal deposits to describe the operational chain of local bead production. This serves as the point of departure for a consideration of the value ascribed raw materials, local or regional vs. imported goods. I argue that symbolic aspects beyond economic value may have been the incentive for the local production, that is, qualities, such as rock crystals’ aesthetic, affective, or indeed charisma. Rock crystal beads from Late Iron Age graves in Rogaland are used as examples. 

Concrete Monsters of the Welfare State: Discussions of Brutalist Architecture on Social Media

2021 ◽  
pp. 120633122110193
Author(s):  
Max Holleran
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Municipal Governments ◽  
Online Social Media ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Welfare State

Brutalist architecture is an object of fascination on social media that has taken on new popularity in recent years. This article, drawing on 3,000 social media posts in Russian and English, argues that the buildings stand out for their arresting scale and their association with the expanding state in the 1960s and 1970s. In both North Atlantic and Eastern European contexts, the aesthetic was employed in publicly financed urban planning projects, creating imposing concrete structures for universities, libraries, and government offices. While some online social media users associate the style with the overreach of both socialist and capitalist governments, others are more nostalgic. They use Brutalist buildings as a means to start conversations about welfare state goals of social housing, free university, and other services. They also lament that many municipal governments no longer have the capacity or vision to take on large-scale projects of reworking the built environment to meet contemporary challenges.

Formation and Land-Use History of Celtic Fields in North-West Europe – an Interdisciplinary Case Study at Zeijen, the Netherlands

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theo Spek ◽  
Willy Groenman-van Waateringe ◽  
Maja Kooistra ◽  
Lideweij Bakker
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
North West ◽  
Late Iron Age ◽  
History Of

Celtic field research has so far been strongly focused on prospection and mapping. As a result of this there is a serious lack of knowledge of formation and land-use processes of these fields. This article describes a methodological case study in The Netherlands that may be applied to other European Celtic fields in the future. By interdisciplinary use of pedological, palynological and micromorphological research methods the authors were able to discern five development stages in the history of the field, dating from the late Bronze Age to the early Roman Period. There are strong indications that the earthen ridges, very typical for Celtic fields in the sandy landscapes of north-west Europe, were only formed in the later stages of Celtic field agriculture (late Iron Age and early Roman period). They were the result of a determined raising of the surface by large-scale transportation of soil material from the surroundings of the fields. Mainly the ridges were intensively cultivated and manured in the later stages of Celtic field cultivation. In the late Iron Age a remarkable shift in Celtic field agriculture took place from an extensive system with long fallow periods, a low level of manuring and extensive soil tillage to a more intensive system with shorter fallow periods, a more intensive soil tillage and a higher manuring intensity. There are also strong indications that rye (Secale cereale) was the main crop in the final stage of Celtic field agriculture.

scholarly journals Along the Danube and at the Foothills of the North-Eastern Hungarian Mountains: Some Data on the Distribution of Stone Raw Materials in the Late Iron Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-342
Author(s):  
Zoltán Czajlik
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Late Prehistoric ◽  
The North ◽  
Late Iron Age ◽  
Stone Materials ◽  
Geological Features ◽  
North Eastern

Stones as raw materials are important environmental resources often found at prehistoric sites. Since their various types essentially retained their original geological features, it is generally relatively easy to identify their origin. Nevertheless, there is hardly any systematic research on late prehistoric stone raw materials. Furthermore, these materials are mentioned very inconsistently and the geological terms, definitions and analyzes are absent from the discussions. The general picture that we can sketch based on secondary literature is therefore mosaic-like. However, it is by no means impossible to identify extraction sites. Based on on-site experience and using modern analyzes, it is possible, for example, to differentiate between individual types of sandstone and andesite. From the perspective of future research, analyzes of late Iron Age stone materials from well-studied archaeological contexts could contribute to understand better how stones as raw materials were used in late prehistoric periods.

scholarly journals Visualisasi Data Menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis untuk Potensi Bank Sampah di Surabaya

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zaky Erdiansyah ◽  
Taufik Taufik ◽  
Indra Kharisma Raharjana
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographical Information System ◽  
Data Visualization ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Prototype Development ◽  
Used Goods

Abstrak—Bank sampah adalah tempat pemilahan dan pengumpulan sampah yang dapat didaur ulang dan digunakan ulang yang memiliki nilai ekonomi. Bank sampah memiliki potensi sampah yang bermanfaat, terdiri dari potensi sampah plastik, kertas, kaca dan besi. Potensi sampah tersebut dibutuhkan oleh perusahaan yang menggunakan bahan baku dari barang bekas pakai untuk di daur ulang menjadi produk yang memiliki harga di pasaran. Permasalahan bank sampah di Surabaya dapat dibagi menjadi dua masalah utama, yaitu pemantauan kegiatan bank sampah dan pencarian letak bank sampah beserta potensi yang dimiliki. Kedua permasalahan tersebut dapat diselesaikan dengan visualisasi data menggunakan sistem informasi geografis untuk potensi bank sampah di Surabaya. Sistem ini dibangun dengan langkah langkah sebagai berikut, yaitu pertama melakukan pengumpulan kebutuhan, analisis kebutuhan, perancangan sistem, pembangunan prototype, evaluasi dengan pengguna, pengembangan skala besar dan evaluasi sistem. Hasil evaluasi sistem menunjukkan bahwa 100% sistem berjalan dengan baik dan benar, 42.3% user sangat setuju, 51% user setuju, 6% user tidak setuju, dan 0.7 % user sangat tidak setuju bahwa visualisasi data menggunakan sistem informasi geografis untuk potensi bank sampah di Surabaya mempermudah pemantauan kegiatan penimbangan bank sampah dan mempermudah pencarian letak bank sampah beserta potensi yang dimiliki. Kata Kunci—bank sampah, visualisasi data, Sistem Informasi Geografis.Abstract—Trash bank was the place for sorting and collecting garbage that could be recycled and reused and had economic value. Trash bank had potential benefits, such as potential plastic, paper, glass and iron waste. This potential waste was needed by companies that use raw materials from used goods to be recycled into products that had market potential. Problems of trash bank in Surabaya could be divided into two main issues, first was the monitoring of the trash bank's activities, second was the search of trash bank location and its potential. Both of these problems could be solved by the data visualization using geographical information system for potential trash bank in Surabaya. This system was built with the following steps: requirements collection, requirements analysis, system design, prototype development, user evaluation, development of large-scale systems and evaluation. Results of the evaluation of the system showed that 100% of the system ran properly, 42.3% of users strongly agree, 51% of users agree, 6% of users did not agree, and 0.7% of users strongly did not agree that visualization of data using geographic information system for potential trash bank in Surabaya succeeded to facilitate the monitoring process of the of trash weighing activities in trash banks and helped the search of trash bank with its potential much easier. Keywords—Trash Bank, Data Visualization, Geographical Information System

On Their Own Behalf

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Mary J. Henold
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Vatican Ii ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Feminist Movement ◽  
Second Vatican Council ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
Catholic Women ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

This chapter introduces the argument that Catholic laywomen expanded on the changes of Vatican II by exploring shifting understandings of gender on a large scale in the ten years following the Second Vatican Council. The historical record reveals a significant output of written material in these years, written by laywomen, and intended to probe unsettled questions about gender rising in those uncertain times. Despite the official church’s reluctance to reassess its teaching on gender roles, moderate and often non-feminist laywomen used ideas from the feminist movement in the 1960s and 1970s to challenge accepted definitions of Catholic womanhood. In particular, Catholic women questioned the immutability of gender roles, and the accepted and wide-spread teaching of complementarity. They also challenged narrow conceptions of laywomen’s vocation, both spiritual and professional.

“Two Cities—One White, the Other Black”

2021 ◽  
pp. 195-212
Author(s):  
Peter Irons
Keyword(s):  
Vietnam War ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Deep South ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Congress Of Racial Equality ◽  
Freedom Summer ◽  
White Resistance ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

This chapter looks at Black struggles for equal rights during the 1960s and 1970s, first assessing the impact of the Vietnam War on Blacks, with Muhammad Ali drawing the link between the war and the denial of civil rights to Blacks. The chapter looks closely at the sit-in movement that started in the 1940s and spread across the country, followed by convoys of buses in Freedom Rides marked by White mob violence, beatings, and hundreds of arrests. Activists from the Congress of Racial Equality and the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee launched a “Freedom Summer” campaign in 1964 to register Black voters in Deep South states; the fierce White resistance included the murders of more than twenty Black and White volunteers. The chapter then shifts focus to Detroit, as the city became progressively more Black with the flight of several hundred thousand Whites from city to suburbs. The racial segregation of Black children in Detroit schools, while the suburban schools were virtually all-White, led to an NAACP lawsuit that resulted in a judicial order for large-scale busing between Detroit and its suburbs. This case, Milliken v. Bradley, ended in 1974 with a 5–4 Supreme Court decision that banned busing across school district lines, with a passionate dissent by Justice Thurgood Marshall; that year also saw violent White resistance to a busing order in Boston.

Motivic cohesion and parsimony in three songs from Gentle Giant's Acquiring the Taste (1971)

Popular Music ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-292
Author(s):  
Mattias Lundberg
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Musical Form ◽  
Tonal Music ◽  
Musical Tradition ◽  
Progressive Rock ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Rock Movement ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Dominant Tendency ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractIn addition to a hierarchy of harmony and fundamental pitch, large-scale modal or tonal music generally needs to generate considerable portions of its substance from a limited number of melodic ideas in order to be readily comprehended as musical form. In Western musical tradition this has typically been achieved by means of motivic development. A distinctive trait in the mainstream of popular music in the 1960s and 1970s, on the other hand, is the predominance of clearly demarcated phrase-bound structures, where either no smaller unit than the phrase could be perceived, or where the smaller units (as in the case of riffs and ostinato figures) have functions that are subservient or complementary to the phrase-structure. Some genuine exceptions from this otherwise highly dominant tendency can be identified in the music from the so-called progressive rock movement in the early 1970s. This article investigates the case of the British group Gentle Giant (active 1970–1980). A motivic analysis of three songs from the album Acquiring the Taste (1971) elucidates how a small set of motives could be used in concatenations to unify larger and more dynamic song structures than what is possible in non-reducible phrase-bound forms.

Exploring the Hidden Depths of Tara’s Hinterland: Geophysical Survey and Landscape Investigations in the Meath–North Dublin Region, Eastern Ireland

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 61-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ger Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Geophysical Survey ◽  
Social Organisation ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Late Iron Age ◽  
Historical Importance ◽  
The Hill

This paper explores how geophysical survey, undertaken in conjunction with landscape and historical analysis, is contributing to a deeper understanding of prehistoric focal centres and landscape organisation in the wider ‘hinterland’ of the Hill of Tara, Co. Meath. Arising out of the Discovery Programme’s ‘Late Iron Age and ‘Roman’ Ireland’ (LIARI) Project, the present investigations targeted a number of prominent hilltop sites in the Meath–north Dublin region suspected, on the basis of archaeological, topographical, and early documentary evidence, to have been important ceremonial/political centres in later prehistory. Foremost among these are the Hill of Lloyd (Co. Meath), the location of a prehistoric enclosure overlooking the early monastic foundation at Kells; Faughan Hill (Co. Meath), the traditional burial place of Niall of the Nine Hostages; and Knockbrack (Co. Dublin), whose summit is crowned by a large, internally-ditched enclosure with central burial mound. The discovery through this multi-disciplinary study of additional large-scale enclosures, burial monuments, and other significant archaeological features serves to further corroborate the deep historical importance of these sites, and opens up new avenues for exploring such themes as territoriality, social organisation, and identity in the wider Tara region.

scholarly journals Reevaluating the antiquity of the Palmrose site: Collections-based research of an early plank house on the northern Oregon Coast

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255223
Author(s):  
Gabriel M. Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Bayesian Modeling ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Smithsonian Institution ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Oregon Coast ◽  
Maximum Range ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

Large-scale excavations conducted by Smithsonian Institution archaeologists and avocational archaeologists during the 1960s and 1970s at three sites in Seaside, Oregon, resulted in the recovery of a diverse range of material culture curated by multiple institutions. One site, known as Palmrose (35CLT47), provides compelling evidence for the presence of one of the earliest examples of a rectangular plank house along the Oregon Coast. Previous research suggests habitation of the Palmrose site occurred between 2340 cal BC to cal AD 640. However, recent research highlights significant chronometric hygiene concerns of previously reported radiocarbon dates for the Seaside area, calling into question broader regional chronologies. This paper presents a revised chronology for the Palmrose site based on 12 new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates of ancient cervid bones. I evaluate these new dates and previously reported radiocarbon dates from the site, applying chronometric hygiene assessments and Bayesian statistics to build a refined chronology for the Palmrose site. Calibration of the 12 AMS radiocarbon dates suggests an initial occupation range from 345−55 cal BC and a terminal occupation range from cal AD 225−340−. Bayesian modeling of the Palmrose sequence suggests initial occupation may have spanned from 195−50 cal BC and the terminal occupation from cal AD 210−255. Modeling suggests the maximum range of occupation may span from 580−55 cal BC to cal AD 210−300 based on the start and end boundary calculations. Bayesian modeling of radiocarbon dates directly associated with the plank house deposits suggests the plank house’s occupation may have spanned from 160−1 cal BC to cal AD 170−320. The new radiocarbon dates significantly constrain the Palmrose habitation and alter regional chronologies.

An Off-Site Approach to Late Iron Age and Roman Landscapes on the Northern Plateau, Spain

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús García-Sánchez ◽  
Miguel Cisneros
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Late Iron Age ◽  
Castilla Y Leon ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
New Settlements

Since 2009, a large-scale archaeological field survey – the Ager Segisamonensis Survey Project – has been carried out on the Northern Plateau of the Iberian Peninsula, in the Burgos province (Castilla y León), Spain. The aim of this project is to understand the Iron Age/Roman transition in terms of settlement strategies and landscape exploitation. The field survey has been undertaken in the landscape surrounding an Iron Age settlement and the successive Roman city of Segisamo – modern Sasamón. The goal is not the discovery of new settlements, but the recognition of the so-called ‘dwelling landscape’ and its evolution. In this article, we highlight our field survey methodology based on hand-held Global Positioning System (GPS) instruments and the creation of a recording system of ‘aggregation units'.

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