scholarly journals Effects of the dietary digestible fiber-to-starch ratio on pellet quality, growth and cecal microbiota of Angora rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-633
Author(s):  
Guiqin Yang ◽  
Fei Zhao ◽  
He Tian ◽  
Jiantao Li ◽  
Dongxin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Unit ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Pellet Quality ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Linear Effects ◽  
Cecal Microbiota ◽  
Wool Yield ◽  
Average Weight Gain ◽  
Digestive Health

Objective: Substituting starch with digestible fiber (dF) can improve digestive health of rabbits and reduce costs. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a criterion for dF and starch supply. Effects of the dietary dF-to-starch ratio on pellet quality, growth and cecal microbiota of Angora rabbits were evaluated.Methods: Five isoenergetic and isoproteic diets with increasing dF/starch ratios (0.59, 0.66, 0.71, 1.05, and 1.44) were formulated. A total of 120 Angora rabbits with an average live weight of 2.19 kg were randomly divided into five groups with four replicates. At the end of 40 day feeding trial, cecal digesta were collected to analyse microbiota.Results: The results showed that the dF/starch ratio had linear effects on pellet variables (p<0.01). When the dF/starch ratio was 1.44, the pellets had the lowest powder and highest durability. The dF/starch ratio had unfavorable linear effects on growth variables (p<0.001). When analyzed by quadratic regression, the optimal dF/starch ratios for average weight gain and feed/gain were 0.59 and 0.74, respectively. There were differences in wool yield, fiber length and fiber diameter caused by the dF/starch ratio (p<0.05), and the dF/starch ratios that ranged from 0.66 to 1.06 were appropriate for good results. The cecal microbiota operational taxonomic unit (OTU) number index in the 1.05 dF/starch treatment was higher than that in the 0.66 and 0.71 dF/starch treatments. The higher dF/starch ratio resulted in a higher cecal microbiota OTU number index (p<0.05). The proportion of <i>Ruminococcus</i> in the 0.71 dF/starch treatment was higher than that in the 0.59 dF/starch treatment (p<0.05)Conclusion: The most suitable dF/starch ratio for feed pellet quality is 1.44, and for rabbit growth the optimal range of ratios is from 0.59 to 0.74. With combination of the wool growth, output cost, and cecal microbiota, we suggest that a dietary dF/starch ratio ranging from 0.74 to 1.06 is optimal.

scholarly journals Research on the Influence of the Light and Sexing on Growth Performance and Slaughter Results at Young Quails from Mixed Baloteşti Population of Eggs-Meat

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Lucian IONITA ◽  
Elena POPESCU-MICLOSANU ◽  
George NICA ◽  
Cornel Octavian PANA
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
Average Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Group

The purposes of determining the influence of the light and sexing on growth performance and slaughter results atyoung quails from Balotesti population, was organized an experiment on 150 quails, betwen age of 28 and 70 days. The chicks were divided into two groups (control and experimental), and growth and slaughter performance were determined separately by sex. Have studied 2 lighting programs, a program of continous lighting with photoperiod duration of 16 hours (16 L + 8 N, control group) and a program with lighting with asymetric hours intervals with photoperiod duration of 16 hours (10L+2N+6L+6N, experimental group).Males and females from the experimental group were recorded average performance of growth high during the period 28 - 70 days. Live weight at age of 70 days was higher with 7.54 %, average weight gain was higher with 14.86 % and feed conversion rate was lower with 13.51 % at males from experimental group compared to males from the control group. Also, the live weight at the age of 70 days was higher with 18.09 %; average weight gain was higher with 35.12 %, while feed conversion rate was reduced with 30.08 % on females from the experimental group compared to females from the control group.The results of the slaughter at 70 days were superior in the caseof females from the both groups versus males. The average weight of the carcase was higher with 17.53 % in case of the females than that of males from the experimental group, and the carcase yield was 65.37 % at the females and 65.56 % for males. Also, the average weight of the carcase was higher with 5.08 % in case of females compared to that males from the control group, and the carcase yield was 64.20 % to females 66.70 % on males.Superior results recorded in the case of females and males from the experimental group recommended the program of lighting with asymmetric hours intervals in the growth of youth quail. Also, the higher slaughter results recorded in the case of females of the two groups recommended them in the meat production through a broiler of quail that combine advantages in the production of both males and females. 

scholarly journals Growth performance, carcass indices and blood profile of broiler chickens fed tiger nut residue

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
C. A. Essien ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Average Weight Gain

A total of two-hundred-and-forty day old broiler chicks were used to study the response of broiler birds to diets containing graded levels of tiger nut residue (TNR) as a replacement for maize. The diets consisted of 0, 10, 20 and 30% of TNR as a replacement for maize as T1 (control), T2, T3 and T4 respectively. The birds were allotted to four dietary treatments of 4 replicates each containing 60 and 15 birds respectively in a completely randomized design. The data obtained from the experiment were subjected to one - way analysis of variance. The results showed that average weight gain (AWG) and final weight gain (FWG) were high for birds fed 10% TNR and increased numerically than the 0, 20 and 30% groups at the starter phase. In the finisher phase the average weight gain (AWG) and final weight gain (FWG) followed the same trend. Feed intake was not significantly affected by the diet at the starter and finisher phases. In the starter phase the T1 (control) recorded the best and the lowest feed conversion ratio but in the finisher phase, the best feed conversion ratio was observed in T2. The TNR inclusion had no significant (p˃0.05) effect on live weight, dressed weight, dressing percentage, cut-parts and organs of the birds. The haematological parameters were not significantly (p˃0.05) affected by the diets. All the biochemical parameters determined; serum protein, albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, cholesterol and triglyceride were not significantly (p˃0.05) affected by the treatment diet. It was concluded that tiger nut residue (TNR) as a replacement for maize at a 30% level of inclusion did not cause any deleterious effects on the performance, carcass and blood profiles of broilers

PERFORMANCE OF FATTENING BUNAJI BULLS FED DIETS CONTAINING GRADED LEVEL OF PALM KERNEL CAKE

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
R. T. Sani ◽  
G. Z. Rekwot ◽  
W. Idowu ◽  
H. O. Okin-Aminu
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Palm Kernel Cake ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Average Weight Gain

 A fattening trial was conducted for 90 days using 20 Bunaji bulls with a live weight range of 190-200kg and aged 2-2.5 years to determine fattening performance. The bulls were fed diets containing varying levels of palm Kernel cake (PKC). Four bulls per treatment were allotted to 5 dietary treatments in Completely Randomised Design. Concentrate and basal diets of Digitaria smutsii were offered at 2% body weight. The data collected from the experiment were analysed using General Linear Model Procedure of SAS, (2002) The crude protein contents of the experimental diets varied between 15.63 and 20.31% while ME ranged from 11.75 to 11.78MJ/kg DM. The crude fibre varied from 13.92 to 23.31%. Average feed intake ranged between 8.67-9.11Kg/day with animals on 10, 20 and 40% PKC showed significant (P<0.05) difference across the treatments. Average daily weight gain was highest (1.33kg) for animal on 10% PKC followed by (1.31kg) on 30% PKC inclusion. No significant differences (P>0.05) was observed in average weight gain for animals on diets containing 0 20 and 40% PKC inclusions. All the experimental bulls attained an average weight gain of between 1.13Kg to 1.33Kg. Cost per Kg gain was highest at 0% PKC inclusion and lowest at 40% PKC. Net benefit (NB) and value of weight gain (VWG) were significantly (P<0.05) higher for bulls on 10 and 30% PKC inclusion. There was positive net benefit and Return to Investment (ROI) on feed across treatments. The inclusion of PKC lead to reduction in feed 

scholarly journals Morphobiometry and Growth Performances of Improved Genetic Types of Chickens (Gallus Gallus) Raised in Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Francois Djitie Kouatcho ◽  
Razvan Mihail Radu-Rusu ◽  
Dan-Claudiu Roşca ◽  
Sotche Merveil Steve ◽  
Eliza Simiz
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Genetic Types ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Average Weight Gain ◽  
Single Comb

Abstract From July to November 2019, a study has been carried out in the locality of Ngaoundéré in order to contribute to a better knowledge of exotic hens. For this purpose, 190 improved strain chicks of one day-old with an average weight of 35.49±3.78g were distributed according to the type of feather. They were fed an iso-energetic and iso-proteic feed. Data on phenotype characteristics, growth performance, biometric data and carcass were determined. The main results show that three types of feathering were recorded with 16.4% of hens with bare necks and with feathered pits, 78.1% of hens with feathered pits and 5.5% of hens with normal feathers. The majority of hens were recorded with a single comb (75.3%), round mumps (71.2%), white pits (76.4%), black beaks (47.9%) and brown eyes (75.3%). In terms of zootechnical performance, the highest live weight (1758.00±322.20g) was recorded with naked-necked hens and feathered pits. The highest weekly average weight gain was recorded with yellow eyed hens (111.77±16.63g) followed by bare-necked and feathered pits (107.83±20.06g). Hens expressing the Na and Pti genes showed the best growth performance although carcass yield was not significantly affected by feather type. It was concluded that there is a very high phenotypic diversity in the so-called improved hens. However, despite their great potential, responsible management of this genetic resource should be encouraged in order to avoid genetic erosion of local poultry resources.

scholarly journals Nutritional evaluation of graded levels of fermented maize milling waste (maize gluten) in rabbit diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
R. A. Sobayo ◽  
O. A. Adeyemi ◽  
J. M. Usman
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Meat Cooking ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
Corn Gluten ◽  
Nutritional Effects ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Average Weight Gain

A 70-day feeding trial was conducted with thirty-six 7 weeks old weaned rabbits (mixed breed and sexes), with initial average live weight of 0.81kg to evaluate the nutritional effects of replacing maize at 0,25, and 50%with maize or corn gluten in rabbit diets. Maize gluten is fermented maize milling waste sun dried for three days. The diets were offered to the rabbits which were randomly divided into three (3) groups of 12 rabbits each and each group sub-divided into four (4) replicates of 3 rabbits each in a completely randomized experiment. There was a significant effect (P<0.05) of the treatments on the average daily feed intake of the rabbits as the levels of maize gluten increased. The average weight gain and feed conversion ratio were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by the dietary treatments, nevertheless, the FCR increased across the treatments. Graded levels of maize gluten had no significant (P>0.05) effect on carcass dressing percentage. The percent pelt decreased significantly (P<0.05) as level of maize gluten increased. Furthermore, liver and meat cooking loss percentage values showed significant differences (P<0.05) due to the graded levels of corn gluten fed. The sensory evaluation studies were not statistically affected (P>0.05).

scholarly journals The effect of mango waste meal in the protein:carbohydrate ratio on performance and body composition of pacamã fish (Lophiosilurus alexandri)

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 527-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Souza ◽  
J.F.B. Melo ◽  
E.M.S. Moreira ◽  
E.M. Souza
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Physicochemical Composition ◽  
Water Recirculation ◽  
Average Weight Gain

We evaluated the inclusion of peeled-mango waste meal as a source of carbohydrate in the protein:carbohydrate ratio (CP:CH) on performance and chemical composition of pacamã (Lophiosilurus alexandri) juveniles. One hundred and fifty fish (11.31±0.96g) were stocked in sixteen 500 L tanks, fed three times daily (10% of live weight), in a system with water recirculation with biofilter. The treatments consisted of four experimental diets with decreasing levels of the ratio between crude protein and carbohydrate (1.40, 0.94, 0.56 and 0.29), with four replications per treatment. At the end of 60 days, we evaluated animal performance (final average weight gain, specific growth rate, total apparent feed intake, carcass yield, survival) and physicochemical composition of the carcass. The protein:carbohydrate ratios affected all performance variables (P<0.05), except for survival (P>0.05). The carcass chemical composition variables were modified, except for mineral matter, pH and moisture. Mango meal can be used at the proportion of up to 15% in the diet for pacamã, establishing a CP:CHO ratio of 1.40 without impairing animal performance and the carcass chemical composition.

scholarly journals Effect of monensin sodium associative to virginiamycin and/or essential oils on the performance of feedlot finished steers

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Julio Cezar Heker Junior ◽  
Mikael Neumann ◽  
Robson Kyoshi Ueno ◽  
Margarete Kimie Falbo ◽  
Sandra Galbeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Fat Thickness

The objective of this study was to evaluate the associative effect of monensin sodium to virginiamycin and/or essential oils on performance, consumption of nutrients and dry matter, apparent digestibility, feeding behavior and carcass characteristics of feedlot finished steers. The experiment lasted 106 days with 10 days of adaptation and 96-day trial, and had 32 crosses angus steers, average age 12 months and average weight of 376 kg, divided into 16 stalls, the weighing took place every 21 days and at the end of the experiment. The treatments consisted of the combination of the following additives to the diet included: Monensin sodium, 200 mg day-1 (MO); Monensin sodium, a dose of 200 mg day-1 + essential oil dose of 1.5g day-1 (MO+EO); Monensin sodium, a dose of 200 mg day-1 + virginiamycin, 200 mg day-1 (MO+VI); Monensin sodium, 200 mg day-1 + essential oil dose of 1.5g day-1 + virginiamycin day, 200 mg day-1 (MO+EO+VI), each treatment had four repetitions, where each repetitions consisted of a bay with two animals. The MO+VI association in relation to MO only increase in average daily gain (ADG) of 24.44%, 22.35%, 21.10% and 17.31% in weighing 42, 63, 84 and 96 days, similar the combination of MO+EO+VI which provided an improvement of 21.94%, 13.59%, 15.45% and 14.75% respectively in the same weightings. The daily carcass gain and carcass overall gain were higher in associations MO+VI and MO+EO+VI and provided an average gain of 16.67 kg more compared to MO and MO+EO. In the parameters feed efficiency, dry matter intake and nutrient expressed in kg day-1 and percentage of live weight were not observed differences (P > 0.05) between treatments. Data on apparent digestibility, feeding behavior and carcass characteristics did not show statistical difference between treatment, except for fat thickness which was higher when associated with any of the additives to the MO, and farm weight was higher in associations containing VI. Associating MO+VI or MO+EO+VI proved to be best in this work compared to MO+EO or only MO in the diets of steers in termination.

Effect of supplementary Aspergillus niger phytase in diets for piglets on their performance and apparent digestibility of phosphorus

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Beers ◽  
A. W. Jongbloed
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Microbial Phytase ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Aspergillus Niger Phytase

AbstractA total of 384 piglets from a three-way cross Yorkshire ♂ × (Finnish Landrace ♂ × Dutch Landrace♀) ♀ in the live-weight range of 11 to 25 kg were used in a feeding trial. The effect of supplementary microbial phytase from Aspergillus niger var. Van Tieghem on performance (average daily gain (ADG), average daily food intake (ADFI) and food conversion ratio (FCR)) and apparent digestibility of total phosphorus (P), in comparison with a non-supplemented basal diet or a diet supplemented with one or two levels of monocalcium phosphate (MCP), were studied.The piglets were allotted to 12 blocks. Within each block, four experimental diets were offered ad libitum for a period of 4 weeks i.e. (1) basal diet; (2) basal diet + 1·0 g P, from MCP per kg diet; (3) basal diet + 1·9 g P, from MCP per kg diet; and (4) basal diet + 1450 phytase units (PTU) per kg diet. The diets, with added chromium III oxide as a marker, were cold pelleted without steam at a temperature not above 60°C to avoid a possible inactivation of the phytase. In all diets the ratio calcium: digestible P was intended to be constant.Adding 1450 PTU of Aspergillus niger phytase enhanced the apparent digestibility of P by proportionately 0·216 when compared with diet 1 and by proportionately 0·100 compared with diet 3. In addition, significantly higher ADG and ADFI and better FCR were noted in pigs receiving supplementary microbial phytase than in pigs on any other treatment. The content of digestible P of the diet with added phytase, however, zvas between the two levels of the diets with added MCP.

Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass and economic characteristics of turkey poults fed millet-based diets as a replacement for maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
A. A. Malik ◽  
M. J. Ibrahim ◽  
Y. S. Kudu ◽  
O. P. Jibogun ◽  
Y. J. Adeniyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Turkey Poults ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A nine (9) weeks feeding trial was conducted on seventy two (72) day-old Indigenous turkey poults raised on deep litter to determine their growth performance, carcass and economic characteristics when fed three dietary treatments (T1, T2, and T3, containing 0%, 25% and 50% replacement of maize with millet respectively. The birds were divided into three replicates of 8 birds per replicate; making a total of 24 birds per treatment. At the end of the & week, 4 birds per replicate were transferred to specially-designed metabolism cages for a digestibility study involving the collection of faecal droppings; while at the end of the week of the experiments, two birds per replicate were randomly selected and slaughtered to determine their carcass characteristics. Turkey poults fed millet at 25 %replacement showed significantly (p<0.05) higher body weight gain, lower cost of feed per kg live weight gain and higher revenue generated per bird; but there were no significant (p>0.05) differences in the performance of birds on 0% and 50 % replacements for those parameters. Also, there were no significant (p>0.05) differences in feed intake and mortality across the treatments. Similarly, there were no significant (p>0.05) differences in nutrient digestibilities and carcass characteristics of the birds among the various dietary treatments. Therefore, it can be concluded hat millet cam be used to replace maize up to S0 % in the diets of turkey poults at the starter phase with no detrimental effects on their performance

EGG-LAYING FEATURES, WEIGHT AND SIZE OF GERMINATIVE DUCK CHIMERAS EGGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Doroshenko ◽  
S. O. Kostenko ◽  
P. V. Korol ◽  
A. M. Chepiha ◽  
O. V. Sydorenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Entire Study

The consequences of chimerization and its possible influence on the productivity of chimera offspring remain poorly understood. The objects of research were ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) of the Shanma (Shan partridge duck) and Shaoxing breeds kept at the Zhuji Guowei Poultry Development Co, Ltd, P.R.China. The study was conducted in the poultry genetics laboratory of the Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences on a duck farm of Zhejiang Generation Biological Science and Technology Co., Ltd. (Zhejiang Province, PRC). To create chimeras of ducks, the method described by Aige-Gil, Simkiss, 1991; M.T. Tagirov, 2010 was used. Blastodiscs have been isolated from freshly hatched fertilized eggs using a filter paper ring. Shanma duck embryos have been used as recipients, and Shaoxing duck embryos, homozygous for plumage color gene allele (wild type), have been used as donors. Busulfan (SigmaAldrich, United States) have been used as a chemical agent that suppresses a division of primary germ cells (PGC) of recipient embryos. A hole in an eggshell (window) of recipients (Shanma breed) have been made between a blunt and sharp ends of eggs. (This reduced a distance between an injector and an embryo needle). The recipients havebeen incubated for 8–10 hours at a temperature of 38 °C. After recipient eggs incubation for 8 hours, the windows were opened in them. Busulfan was injected into the subgerminal cavity of the embryo with a micropipette (1.5–3 μl of liquid). After busulfan injection, the empty cavity was filled with culture medium (RPMI-1640) supplemented with antibiotics (ampicillin, streptomycin), the hole was closed by plastic wrap and adhesive tape. The eggs have been incubated at a reduced temperature (+32 °C) for 24 hours with the aim of prolong the duration of busulfan action on the PGC (primary germ cells). More than 50% of embryos have been died in the first 2–3 days (after an incubation start). Head and neck disorders have been observed in the 1.2% of embryos. Busulfan injection at a concentration of 300 ng per egg have been leads to 95.0–96.3% mortality of duck embryos, concentration of 150 ng per egg, a mortality rate of 33.3–75.3% have been observed, concentration to 75 ng led to 18.75–38.5% of embryonic mortality. Analysis of the age of puberty (laying of the first egg) indicates that the chimeras matured later. If in the control group the average age of puberty was 139 ± 9 days, in the group of chimeras - 148 ± 13 days. Thus, we can attest that in our experiment, the chimeras matured later than the control animals, which may be due to the effect of busulfan in the sterilization of recipient embryos. The average weight of ducks in the control group was lower, and the group itself was more consolidated. Thus, in the control ducks weighed 1422.40 ± 57.00 g, the chimeras 1608.80 ± 94.76 g. The advantage of live weight chimeras over the control group may be due to the fact that the control group consisted of recipients served by Shanma animals. Egg production of ducks for the entire study period was 87.5 ± 0.05 % (control) 79.5±0.12 % (busulfan). The weight of eggs of ducks of two groups for the entire period was 70.62±0.199 g (control) and 71.15±0.157 g (p˂0.001). The eggs morphometric parameters of the studied ducks groups were: the average values of egg length were 6.056±0.0564 cm (control) and 6.269±0.1341cm (busulfan); egg breadth were 4.520±0.0053 cm (control) and 4.529±0.004 cm (busulfan). There were no statistical intergroup differences in the morphometric parameters of the eggs of the studied groups. In fact, we obtained results similar to the previous ones, which concerned the egg production of daughters of drake chimeras.

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