Across a Spectrum of Inequality

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan P. Harrod ◽  
Debra L. Martin ◽  
Misty Fields
Keyword(s):  
Stress Markers ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Social ◽  
Northern Colorado ◽  
Ancestral Puebloan ◽  
History Approach ◽  
Problem Solving Strategy ◽  
Solving Strategy ◽  
The U.S

This chapter involves a comparison of skeletal stress markers, violence, and social inequality in two case studies drawn from hierarchically organized, ancestral Puebloan groups in the U.S. Southwest from the 7th to 13th centuries A.D. (Late Pueblo I through the early Pueblo III periods). The first case study involves the remains of two men from the Room 33 burial chamber at Pueblo Bonito. Employing a contextualized life history approach, Harrod and colleagues first argue that the funerary setting and skeletal remains of these two men independently indicate they were highly ranked elites and ceremonial leaders—not just at the social apex, but were among those organizing hierarchy. The second case study involves the skeletons of women from the La Plata river valley in the northern Colorado Plateau. These women were at the opposite end of the social spectrum, likely slaves captured through intergroup raiding. Their bodies revealed lives marred by abusive, socially sanctioned violence. In death, they were treated with a distinct lack of respect or reverence. The authors link such violence to ritualized activities that functioned as a kind of problem-solving strategy in times of environmental degradation within a marginal ecological setting.

scholarly journals Union Discourse and Perceived Violation of Contract

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Peyrat-Guillard
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Senior Management ◽  
The Other ◽  
Breach Of Contract ◽  
Social Contracts ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Social

This article proposes a study of the violation of contract process through a case study. The study is based on a discourse of the union, SUD Michelin, which is contrasted both with those of another union, the CFE-CGC Michelin and of the senior management of the corporation. The results highlight the possibility of applying Morrison and Robinson’s (1997) Psychological Contract Violation model at the social contract level. The emotional reactions appearing in the literature, which are associated with contract violations, can be seen in the union discourse of the SUD. The other union does not perceive any breach of contract. These differences may be attributed to the very nature of social contracts—relational in the first case, and more balanced in the second.

scholarly journals Disentangling help-seeking and giving up: differential human-directed gazing by dogs in a modified unsolvable task paradigm

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annina Hirschi ◽  
Alja Mazzini ◽  
Stefanie Riemer
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Social Problem Solving ◽  
Individual Motivation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Unsolvable Task ◽  
Responsible Group ◽  
Problem Solving Strategy ◽  
Solving Strategy ◽  
Looking Back

AbstractDogs are renowned for ‘looking back’ at humans when confronted with a problem, but it has been questioned whether this implies help-seeking or giving up. We tested 56 pet dogs from two breed groups (herding dogs and terriers) in a modified unsolvable task paradigm. One reward type (food or toy) was enclosed in a box, while the respective other reward was accessible. With both reward types, human-directed gazing in relation to the box was significantly positively correlated with interaction with the box, as long as an alternative was available. This suggests that both behaviours served to attain the unavailable reward and reflected individual motivation for the inaccessible vs the accessible reward. Furthermore, we varied whether the owner or the experimenter was responsible for handling the rewards. In the owner-responsible group, dogs rarely gazed at the experimenter. In the experimenter-responsible group, dogs preferentially directed box-related gazing (prior to or after looking at or interacting with the box) at the owner. Still, they gazed at the experimenter significantly longer than the owner-responsible group. Conversely, toy-related gazing was directed significantly more at the experimenter. Thus, dogs adjust their gazing behaviour according to the people’s responsibility and their current goal (help-seeking vs play). Gaze duration did not differ between herding dogs and terriers. We conclude that dogs use gazing at humans’ faces as a social problem-solving strategy, but not all gazing can be classified as such. Dogs’ human-directed gazing is influenced by the social relationships with the persons, situational associations, and context (unsolvable problem vs play).

Suicidal Models—Their Frequency and Role in Suicide Attempters, Non-Suicidal Psychiatric Patients and Normal Control Cases: A Comparative German-Hungarian Study

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fekete ◽  
A. Schmidtke
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
The Social ◽  
Problem Solving Strategy ◽  
Solving Strategy ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Increasing evidence suggests that imitative behavior may have a role in suicide. The social transmission of this problem-solving strategy might be explained by the influence of modeling. The authors investigated suicide attempters, psychiatric patients without suicidal history as well as control groups of normal persons without a psychiatric or suicidal history matched for sociodemographic variables in Germany and Hungary. Using a structured questionnaire the occurrence of real and fictive suicidal models was investigated. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the frequency of suicidal models, the characteristics of the suicidal act, and the role of imitation of the different groups in each country. The differences between the German and Hungarian groups were explained according to different cultural factors and different learning histories.

Social Workers’ Impact on Policy Through Regulations: A Case Study of the U.S. Long-Term Care Ombudsman Program

2021 ◽  
pp. 146801732110103
Author(s):  
Susanny J Beltran ◽  
Vivian J Miller ◽  
Tyrone Hamler
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Writing Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The Social ◽  
The U.S

Summary Involvement in the political process in the United States is critical for social work professionals, as social policies dictate funding and programming in social work practice. Yet, there is little to no focus given to the regulation writing process in the social work literature in the United States. This article contributes to the scant body of knowledge that addresses the regulatory process from a social work perspective. A brief overview of the regulation writing process is provided, followed by a case study using the regulations for the U.S. Older Americans Act Long-Term Care Ombudsman Program to illustrate the process. Findings A total of 85 comments, submitted to the Federal Register docket, were analyzed using content analysis. Findings reveal that comment submissions varied greatly in terms of length, source, and input. Notably, findings indicate low participation from the social work profession. Application The open comment period of the regulation writing process offers a free, but effortful, window of opportunity for social workers to engage in post-legislative advocacy. There is a need to support the involvement of the social work profession in the regulation writing process, through practice and training enhancements.

CAN THE TOYOTA WAY OVERCOME THE RECENT TOYOTA SETBACK? — A STUDY BASED ON THE THEORY OF CONSTRAINTS

2010 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 145-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIMON WU ◽  
MAURICIO F. BLOS ◽  
HUI MING WEE ◽  
YI-LI CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Theory Of Constraints ◽  
General Motors ◽  
Business World ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Problem Solving Strategy ◽  
Solving Strategy ◽  
Industrial Strength

The Japanese carmaker Toyota has long been regarded as the pinnacle of Japanese innovation, manufacturing quality and industrial strength — particularly since it overtook General Motors in 2008 to become the world's biggest carmaker. Its "lean" manufacturing techniques and culture of continuous improvement were the envy of the business world. Companies sent delegations to tour Toyota's factories in the hope that some of its magic would rub off on them. But within a few weeks all this has changed. Problems with "unintended acceleration" of its cars which the firm has belatedly taken seriously, has resulted in a crisis within the company. Toyota's woes were compounded on 9 February 2009 when it said it would also recall 440,000 hybrid vehicles, including the celebrated Prius, to fix a problem with their brakes. The firm's reputation for quality, on which the business was built, is shattered. Its market capitalization has dropped by an amount roughly equal to the entire value of Ford. But the greatest damage has been done by its misreading and mishandling of the crisis. Surrounding this current problem, we came with an interesting question: Can the Toyota Way bring back Toyota to the lead? The aim of this paper has the intention to answer two significant questions. The first question is "Is the Toyota Way safe enough to prevent problems brewing outside its factories?" In order to address this question and get reasonable answer, this study tries to use the Theory of Constraints (TOC) to discover the root causes and countermeasures of how Toyota's Way can bring back Toyota to the lead. The second question is "Can TOC deal with this kind of complicated problem effectively?" From the case study, we successfully answered the two preceding questions, presenting some findings about TOC problem solving strategy.

scholarly journals Faculty Agency in Applying for Promotion to Professor

10.28945/3664 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 059-075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan K. Gardner ◽  
Amy Blackstone
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
The United States ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Full Professor ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Application Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Do So

Aim/Purpose: In the United States, faculty who wish to pursue promotion to the rank of professor do so without clear guidance or structure. Even the timing of such a process is nebulous. As such, an individual engages in agentic action to pursue the rank. Background: This study examined the experiences of faculty members who chose to pursue the application process to be promoted to professor but were rejected or dissuaded. Methodology: Utilizing a case study of one institutional setting, we conducted 10 in-depth qualitative interviews. Contribution: Very little is known about the process of promotion to full professor in the U.S. and even less empirical research exists. This study advances knowledge of the process and the experiences of those undertaking it. Findings: We learned that cues from the social context greatly influenced these faculty members’ sense of agency.

scholarly journals Developing Social Alongside Technical Infrastructure: A Case Study Applying ICTD Tenets to Marginalized Communities in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Anne Teeters
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The U.S

This article provides a model by which to apply ICTD tenets within the context of the U.S. It presents a case study of co-designing a technology application with community health workers, promotoras, working in a historically marginalized community within the U.S. It examines both the process of co-design as well as the use of the designed product as interventions intended to enhance the promotoras’ agency and ability to transform opportunities for themselves and their community. This article argues that designing equity-oriented design solutions involves ethnography and participatory design, as well as attention to both the social and technical infrastructure.

Strategi Penyelesaian Pembiayaan Akad Murabahah yang Bermasalah di BMT UGT Sidogiri Capem Kraksaan

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayatul Millah ◽  
Moh Nurul Amrullah D
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Inhibiting Factor ◽  
Problem Solving Strategy ◽  
Solving Strategy

The purpose of this research is to find out the strategies used by BMT in resolving the murabahah financing that is problematic at BMT UGT Sidogiri Capem Kraksaan, knowing the factors that are the supporters in carrying out the problem solving financing strategies at BMT UGT Sidogiri Capem Kraksaan, knowing the factors - factors that become obstacles in carrying out financing strategies that are problematic in BMT UGT Sidogiri Capem Kraksaan. The type of research used in this study is qualitative research with a case study approach. The results of this study indicate that the strategy for resolving murabahah financing that is problematic in BMT UGT is by rescheduling, calling customers, giving warning letters (SP) up to 3 times and discussing the next steps that will be taken by both parties, confiscation of collateral . Factors supporting the murabhaah financing settlement strategy that were troubled by BMT UGT Sidogiri Capem Kraksaan were AOA / AOP officers who always communicated, officers, AOP / AOA always supervised customer financing, always approached customers, routinely collected by AOP officers. The inhibiting factor for the problem solving strategy for murabhaah financing at BMT UGT Sidogiri Capem Kraksaan is the AOA / AOP who are not strict in carrying out their duties so customers are negligent in their responsibilities, AOP officers do not routinely collect from customers, officers do not always report things that are a problem in this murabahah financing to the head of BMT UGT Sidogiri, AOA / AOP officers and Head of Sidogiri BMT UGT are not communicating enough, AOA / AOP is slow in responding to troublesome murabahah financing problems carried out by customers.

Conclusions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy Constantakopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Active Engagement ◽  
The Third ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Social ◽  
Building Activity ◽  
History Of

This chapter provides a summary of the previous case studies. It discusses the four networks examined over the course of the book,. The first case study explores the history of the Islanders’ League. It proposes that the League is the expression of a strong regional island identity. The second case study focuses on the history of monumentalization of Delos. By exploring the different funding sources for building activity on Delos, it shows the active engagement of the Delian community, the Hellenistic kings, and other non-royal individuals in the monumentalization processes. The third case study examines the Delian network of honours which was geographically immense, with the southern Aegean as the primary region of local interaction, and with specific clustering beyond this primary region. The fourth case study focuses on the evidence of the Delian inventories in order to reconstruct the social dynamics of dedication.

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