scholarly journals Disentangling help-seeking and giving up: differential human-directed gazing by dogs in a modified unsolvable task paradigm

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annina Hirschi ◽  
Alja Mazzini ◽  
Stefanie Riemer
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Social Problem Solving ◽  
Individual Motivation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Unsolvable Task ◽  
Responsible Group ◽  
Problem Solving Strategy ◽  
Solving Strategy ◽  
Looking Back

AbstractDogs are renowned for ‘looking back’ at humans when confronted with a problem, but it has been questioned whether this implies help-seeking or giving up. We tested 56 pet dogs from two breed groups (herding dogs and terriers) in a modified unsolvable task paradigm. One reward type (food or toy) was enclosed in a box, while the respective other reward was accessible. With both reward types, human-directed gazing in relation to the box was significantly positively correlated with interaction with the box, as long as an alternative was available. This suggests that both behaviours served to attain the unavailable reward and reflected individual motivation for the inaccessible vs the accessible reward. Furthermore, we varied whether the owner or the experimenter was responsible for handling the rewards. In the owner-responsible group, dogs rarely gazed at the experimenter. In the experimenter-responsible group, dogs preferentially directed box-related gazing (prior to or after looking at or interacting with the box) at the owner. Still, they gazed at the experimenter significantly longer than the owner-responsible group. Conversely, toy-related gazing was directed significantly more at the experimenter. Thus, dogs adjust their gazing behaviour according to the people’s responsibility and their current goal (help-seeking vs play). Gaze duration did not differ between herding dogs and terriers. We conclude that dogs use gazing at humans’ faces as a social problem-solving strategy, but not all gazing can be classified as such. Dogs’ human-directed gazing is influenced by the social relationships with the persons, situational associations, and context (unsolvable problem vs play).

Suicidal Models—Their Frequency and Role in Suicide Attempters, Non-Suicidal Psychiatric Patients and Normal Control Cases: A Comparative German-Hungarian Study

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fekete ◽  
A. Schmidtke
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
The Social ◽  
Problem Solving Strategy ◽  
Solving Strategy ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Increasing evidence suggests that imitative behavior may have a role in suicide. The social transmission of this problem-solving strategy might be explained by the influence of modeling. The authors investigated suicide attempters, psychiatric patients without suicidal history as well as control groups of normal persons without a psychiatric or suicidal history matched for sociodemographic variables in Germany and Hungary. Using a structured questionnaire the occurrence of real and fictive suicidal models was investigated. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the frequency of suicidal models, the characteristics of the suicidal act, and the role of imitation of the different groups in each country. The differences between the German and Hungarian groups were explained according to different cultural factors and different learning histories.

Across a Spectrum of Inequality

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan P. Harrod ◽  
Debra L. Martin ◽  
Misty Fields
Keyword(s):  
Stress Markers ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Social ◽  
Northern Colorado ◽  
Ancestral Puebloan ◽  
History Approach ◽  
Problem Solving Strategy ◽  
Solving Strategy ◽  
The U.S

This chapter involves a comparison of skeletal stress markers, violence, and social inequality in two case studies drawn from hierarchically organized, ancestral Puebloan groups in the U.S. Southwest from the 7th to 13th centuries A.D. (Late Pueblo I through the early Pueblo III periods). The first case study involves the remains of two men from the Room 33 burial chamber at Pueblo Bonito. Employing a contextualized life history approach, Harrod and colleagues first argue that the funerary setting and skeletal remains of these two men independently indicate they were highly ranked elites and ceremonial leaders—not just at the social apex, but were among those organizing hierarchy. The second case study involves the skeletons of women from the La Plata river valley in the northern Colorado Plateau. These women were at the opposite end of the social spectrum, likely slaves captured through intergroup raiding. Their bodies revealed lives marred by abusive, socially sanctioned violence. In death, they were treated with a distinct lack of respect or reverence. The authors link such violence to ritualized activities that functioned as a kind of problem-solving strategy in times of environmental degradation within a marginal ecological setting.

scholarly journals KOMPETENSI LITERASI INFORMASI PUSTAKAWAN DI ERA INFODEMIK

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Endang Fatmawati
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Information Literacy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rapid Dissemination ◽  
Problem Solving Strategies ◽  
Problem Solving Strategy ◽  
Solving Strategy ◽  
Media Applications ◽  
Information Literacy Competencies

The purpose of writing is to bring up creative librarian ideas and provide problem-solving strategies related to the circulation of hoax in the infodemic era. The discussion uses the literature review method related to infodemics, information literacy competencies, and librarian strategies in the social media era. High rapid social media and internet access users are not accompanied by literacy competencies. One of the efforts to build a knowledge ecosystem is through increasing information literacy competencies. In the context of libraries, social media influences the relationships and social interactions carried out by librarians. The wave of information that is not necessarily accurate is increasingly being spread through social media. Library information sources can be disseminated through social media applications with various platforms. His practice in the library is building scientific communication, knowledge management, promotion, marketing, and publication. Due to the rapid dissemination of information, librarians are expected to have the sensitivity and expertise in packaging information, disseminating it through social media, cleverly sorting and choosing, and wisely using it. The problem-solving strategy that exists in the era of social media for librarians to be able to surf the internet is healthy information literacy competence.Keyword: information literacy, librarian competence, hoax, infodemic, social mediaABSTRAKTujuan penulisan untuk memunculkan gagasan kreatif pustakawan dan memberikan strategi pemecahan masalah terkait dengan beredarnya informasi hoaks di era infodemik. Metode kajian menggunakan metode kajian pustaka terkait dengan infodemik dalam era media sosial, kompetensi literasi informasi, serta strategi pustakawan di era media sosial. Tingginya akses internet dan pesatnya pengguna aktif media sosial tidak dibarengi dengan kompetensi literasi. Padahal salah satu upaya membangun ekosistem pengetahuan adalah melalui peningkatan kompetensi literasi informasi. Dalam konteks perpustakaan, media sosial berpengaruh pada relasi dan cara berinteraksi sosial yang dilakukan oleh pustakawan. Gelombang informasi yang belum tentu akurat semakin terasa masif penyebarannya melalui media sosial. Sumber informasi perpustakaan dapat didesiminasikan melalui aplikasi media sosial dengan berbagai platform. Praktiknya di perpustakaan adalah membangun komunikasi ilmiah, pengelolaan pengetahuan, promosi, pemasaran, serta publikasi. Oleh karena penyebaran informasi demikian pesat, maka pustakawan diharapkan memiliki kepekaan dan kepiawaian dalam mengemas informasi, menyebarkan melalui media sosial, cerdas memilah dan memilih, maupun bijak dalam menggunakannya. Strategi pemecahan masalah yang ada di era media sosial bagi pustakawan agar dapat berinternet sehat adalah memiliki kompetensi literasi informasi.

Pengaruh Penerapan Strategi Pemecahan Masalah dalam Pembelajaran Kooperatif Pendekatan Struktural Think Pair Share (TPS) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 14 Pekanbaru

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atma Murni ◽  
Rini Dian Anggraini ◽  
Sakur
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Learning Outcome ◽  
Structural Approach ◽  
Comparison Research ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Problem Solving Strategy ◽  
Solving Strategy

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan Strategi Pemecahan Masalah dalam pembelajaran kooperatif pendekatan struktural Think Pair Share (TPS) terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 14 Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian pra eksperimental menggunakan desain penelitian perbandingan kelompok statis. Instrumen pengumpulan data meliputi tes keterampilan mahematika awal dan tes hasil belajar matematika. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji t. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh strategi pemecahan masalah dalam pembelajaran kooperatif pendekatan struktural Think Pair Share (TPS) terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 14 Pekanbaru.   The aim of this study was to know the influence of Problem Solving Strategy implementation in cooperative learning of structural approach Think Pair Share (TPS) to mathematics learning outcome of VIII class students of SMP Negeri 14 Pekanbaru. This study use pre experimental research design using The static group comparison research design. The instruments of  data collection include early mahematics skills test and mathematics learning outcome test. Data were analyzed using t test. The result of this study showed that there is influence of problem solving strategy in cooperative learning of structural approach Think Pair Share (TPS)  to mathematics learning outcome  of  VIII class students of SMP Negeri 14 Pekanbaru

The Social Specificity of Societal Nature Relations in a Flexible Capitalist Society

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Eversberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Capitalist Society ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Mutual Dependency ◽  
The Social ◽  
People’S Perceptions

Based on analyses of a 2016 German survey, this article contributes to debates on ‘societal nature relations’ by investigating the systematic differences between socially specific types of social relations with nature in a flexible capitalist society. It presents a typology of ten different ‘syndromes’ of attitudes toward social and environmental issues, which are then grouped to distinguish between four ideal types of social relationships with nature: dominance, conscious mutual dependency, alienation and contradiction. These are located in Pierre Bourdieu’s (1984) social space to illustrate how social relationships with nature correspond to people’s positions within the totality of social relations. Understanding how people’s perceptions of and actions pertaining to nature are shaped by their positions in these intersecting relations of domination – both within social space and between society and nature – is an important precondition for developing transformative strategies that will be capable of gaining majority support in flexible capitalist societies.

OPTIMALISASI PENGELOLAAN PERKEMBANGAN SOSIAL EMOSI ANAK USIA DINI

Edupedia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Khulusinniyah ◽  
Farhatin Masruroh
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Emotion Development ◽  
Social Emotion ◽  
The Social

The social-emotionaldevelopment of children is important to be developed from an early age. The emotionaldevelopment in early childhood, takes place simultaneously with their social development. Even there is claim that their emotional development is influenced by their social development. Itcaused by the emotional reactions displayed by early childhood as a response to the social relationships that they live with other people. The emotional development of early childhood can also affect the sustainability of social relationships. Stimulation is an important thing to give by early childhood educators and parents so they can optimize their social emotion development. With this treatment, they can grow into the life ready person in facing the complex future.

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