scholarly journals CARACTERÍSTICAS AGRONÔMICAS DE SOJA EM FUNÇÃO DE ESPAÇAMENTOS ENTRE LINHAS DE SEMEADURA

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-193
Author(s):  
Maycon Wilhann Pereira ◽  
Leandro Meert ◽  
Antônio Mendes de Oliveira Neto ◽  
Naiara Guerra ◽  
Antonio Krenski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Response Variables

To obtain high yields in the soybean crop, it is necessary to have the minimum of competition among the plants.The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of different spacing on productivity components and soybean yield. The design adopted was randomized blocks with 4 treatments (22, 44, 66 and 88 cm between rows) and six replicates. The cultivar used was 5909 with a population of 204 thousand plants per hectare. The response variables evaluated were plant height and first pod insertion, stem diameter, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, mass of one thousand grains and productivity. The height of plants and the diameter of the stem behaved in a quadratic manner, where the measure with which one increased the other reduced. The highest number of pods per plant (92) was obtained with the spacing of 64 cm between rows. The number of grainsper pod reduced linearly with increasing row spacing. The mass of 1000 grains and the productivity presented a quadratic behavior for the spacing, where the highest productivity 4772.60 kg ha-1was obtained with the spacing of 60 cm. The stem diameter showed a positive correlation with the number of pods per plant and with productivity. The height of insertion of the first pod showed a positive correlation with the mass of a thousand grains. The number of pods per plant was the variable that presented the highest correlation with productivity (0.84).

scholarly journals Row spacing, plant density, sowing and harvest times for sweet sorghum1

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefa Maria Francieli da Silva ◽  
Alek Sandro Dutra ◽  
Felipe Thomaz da Camara ◽  
Antônio Alves Pinto ◽  
Francisco Edson da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
As Effects

ABSTRACT Along with sugarcane, which is the main crop used for ethanol production, the sweet sorghum is a promising agronomic and industrial alternative for cultivation in water-stress regions. This study aimed at assessing the row spacing (0.70 m, 0.80 m and 0.90 m) and plant density (80,000 plants ha-1; 100,000 plants ha-1; 120,000 plants ha-1; and 140,000 plants ha-1) for the BRS 511 sorghum cultivar, combined with sowing and harvest times. A split-plot experimental design, in complete randomized blocks, with four replications, was used. The analyzed variables were plant height, stem diameter, shoot fresh and dry matter, broth volume and total soluble solids (ºBrix). The results showed isolated effects of plant density on plant height and stem diameter, as well as effects of row spacing on total fresh mass and broth volume. The most efficient productive effect for the sweet sorghum was observed in populations lower than 120,000 plants ha-1 and row spacing inferior to 0.80 m, associated with harvest at 120 days after sowing.

Some factors influencing the development of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under dry-farming systems in Sudan

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Khalifa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
The Other ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Rainfed Conditions

SUMMARYAn experiment was carried out over a 3-year period at two locations in the central rainlands of Sudan under rainfed conditions at one site and under supplementary irrigation at the other to study the effects of cultivars and cultural practices on growth and grain yield of sunflower. Four cultivars, namely, Manohurian, Peredovik, Hungarian-A and Hungarian-B and four intra-row spacings of 15, 30, 45 and 60 cm (in rows 60 cm apart) were tested with three sowing dates starting on 15 July and following at 15-day intervals. Manchurian outyielded the other three varieties under supplementary irrigation whereas under rainfed conditions the reverse was true. This was attributed to the relative earliness in flowering of the varieties and their moisture requirements. Manchurian was the tallest with the thickest stem and a larger head at both locations compared with the other three varieties. Under rainfed conditions, the early sowing date of 15 July gave a significantly higher grain yield than the other two sowing dates, with the last sowing date of 15 August giving significantly least. This is attributed to decreasing moisture availability with delayed sowings. But under supplementary irrigation the effect of sowing date was less marked. Contrasting effects of sowing dates on plant height and stem circumference were obtained under the two systems of production. Under rainfed conditions there was a decrease in plant height and stem circumference with delayed sowing, whereas under supplementary irrigation the reverse was true. A contrasting response of plant height to spacing was also obtained; wider intra-row spacing was associated with taller plants under rainfed conditions and shorter plants under supplementary irrigation. Wider spacing was associated with thicker stems and larger heads at both locations. On the evidence obtained, 45 cm intra-row spacing is recommended for rainfed planting and 30 cm intra-row spacing for irrigated production of sunflower.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT OF VOLUNTEER CASTOR BEAN IN THE GLYPHOSATE-RESISTANT SOYBEAN CROP

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.S. ROCHA ◽  
A.G.F. COSTA ◽  
D.M.B.M. TROVÃO ◽  
J.H. ZONTA ◽  
V. SOFIATTI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Chlorimuron Ethyl ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to evaluate the management of volunteer castor bean with herbicide applications used in pre and post-seeding of soybean crop resistant to glyphosate. Two experiments were conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with three replications. The first experiment corresponded to applications of desiccation with treatments: glyphosate (1,080 g ha-1); glyphosate + 2,4-D (1,080 + 670 g ha-1); glyphosate + carfentrazone-ethtyl (1,080 + 20 g ha-1); glyphosate + flumioxazin (1,080 + 25 g ha-1); glyphosate + saflufenacil (1,080 + 35 g ha-1); glyphosate + chlorimuron-ethyl (1,080 + 12.5 g ha-1); diuron + paraquat (300 + 600 g ha-1); and the control without application. In the second experiment, the treatments corresponded to doses of 0, 90, 180, 360, 720, 1,440, 2,880 and 5,760 g ha-1 of glyphosate for applications in post-emergence in soybean RR. The applications took place when the castor bean plant had four to six true leaves. The evaluations done in both experiments were: control and plant height at 7, 14 and 21 days after application (DAA); and stem diameter, leaf area, root volume, dry mass of shoots and roots at 21 DAA. The treatments with diuron + paraquat and glyphosate associated with 2,4-D, carfentrazoneethyl, flumioxazin or saflufenacil are more efficient for castor bean control in desiccation in pre-seeding of soybean. Glyphosate doses from 720 g ha-1 are effective to control castor bean in post-emergence of the glyphosate-resistant soybean crop.

scholarly journals Effect of seed rate and row spacing on grain yield of sorghum

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
MR Gondal ◽  
A Hussain ◽  
S Yasin ◽  
M Musa ◽  
HS Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

An experiment to investigate the effect of seed rate (5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15 kg ha-1) and row spacing (30, 45 and 60cm) on agronomic characteristics of plants including stem densitym-2, plant height, stem diameter, number of heads m-2, number of heads per plant, number of grains per head, 1000-grain weight and grain yield was conducted using the cultivar “Sorghum 2011” for two years 2016 and 2017. Seed rates and row spacing had significant effect on plant height, plant density m-2, number of heads m-2, number of grains per head and grain yield. Row spacing had non-significant effect on stem diameter, number of heads per plant and 1000-grain weight. Row spacing at 30 cm produced the highest number of plants m-2 and plant height. Plant height increased with increase in seed rate in all the row spacing. Stem diameter decreased with increase in the seed rate and row spacing. Narrow row spacing (30 cm) and low seeding rate (5 kg ha-1) produced the maximum grain yield consistently during both years. Lower yields were recorded in the treatments having greater row spacing (60 cm) and higher seed rates (7.5, 10, 12.5 & 15 kg ha-1). Higher seed rates and wider row spacing induced morphological changes rendering plants to lodging.SAARC J. Agri., 15(2): 81-91 (2017)

scholarly journals DESEMPENHO DACULTURA DASOJA EM SISTEMAAGROFLORESTAL COM EUCALIPTO

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-71
Author(s):  
Alvadi Antonio Balbinot Junior ◽  
Julio Cezar Franchini ◽  
Henrique Debiasi ◽  
Fernando Sichieri
Keyword(s):  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Northwest Region ◽  
Eucalyptus Maculata ◽  
Warm Climates

Agroforestry system with eucalyptus and soybean crop is an option for soil use under sandy soilsand warm climates. The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of the soybean crop associated to simple rows of eucalyptus maculata in the Northwest region of Paraná, Brazil. The experiment was establishedin October 2009; since then, eucalyptus maculata interrows has been yearly grown with a double crop ofsoybean(summer) andU. ruziziensis(winter). The soybean performancewas evaluated in the 2015/16 cropping season, attwo eucalyptus row spacings, 14 and 28 m. Acontiguous, treelessarea, grown yearly with soybean (summer)/U. ruziziensis(winter) double crop, was used as a control. The soybean growth and shoot nitrogen accumulationat full bloomingwere reduced as a function of eucalyptus interference, in a greater intensity at 14-m eucalyptus row spacing. Soybean yield reductions caused by eucalyptus trees were65and 44% in relation to the control, at 14 and 28-m row spacings, respectively. The contents of nitrogen in soybean shoots, and protein and oil in soybean grains, were not altered by the interference of the trees

scholarly journals Azospirillum brasilense AND COMPOUND OF PHYTOHORMONES AS BIOSTIMULANTS IN JALO PRECOCE BEANS

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e5974
Author(s):  
Allisson Sousa Moreira ◽  
Lucymara Merquides Contardi ◽  
Lucas Jandrey Camilo ◽  
Maria Gabriela Oliveira Andrade ◽  
Sebastião Ferreira Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Medium Correlation

Beans are one of the most important crops in Brazil but still have a low yield. The use of technologies such as the application of biostimulants can provide greater yield for the crop. Thus, the work aimed to evaluate the effect of using Azospirillum brasilense and phytohormones on Jalo Precoce beans. The experiment was carried out in randomized blocks with nine treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of a control, Stimulate (compound of phytohormones), and A. brasilense applied isolated or associated to the seeds or in a furrow. The plant height, stem diameter, shoot dry matter, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, the weight of grains per pod, and 100-grain weight were favored by A. brasilense and compound of phytohormones. The highest yield of Jalo Precoce beans (2218 kg ha-1) was obtained using the A. brasilense + phytohormone compound applied in the sowing furrow. The grain yield of Jalo Precoce beans showed a high positive correlation with the number of pods per plant and medium correlation with stem diameter and shoot dry matter.

scholarly journals Effects of saline stress on growth and crop yield of different maize (Zea mays) genotypes

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
E. M. Gurbanov ◽  
D. Molazem
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Normal Soil ◽  
Ear Number

Effects of saline stress (NaCl) on yield and vegetative characteristics of eight maize cultivars were studied. The cultivars K3615/1, S.C704, B73, S.C302, Waxy, K3546/6, K3653/2, and Zaqatala were cultivated in two plots of the Astara region: one was with normal soil and the other – with salty one. Salinization reduced the plant height, ear length, ear diameter, number of plant leaves, stem diameter, number of rows in an ear, number of grains in a row, and dry plant mass in all cultivars. Maximal ear length was observed in Zaqatala, B73, and S.C704, and the least one was detected in K3653/2. Salinization decreased crop yield of all the cultivars. Certain correlations between studied parameters were found.

EFFECT OF ROW WIDTH AND POPULATION ON SOYBEAN YIELD IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. McLAREN ◽  
G. R. ABLETT ◽  
J. C. SCHLEIHAUF
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Row Width ◽  
Glycine Max L

The effect of seeding rate (seeds per hectare) and row width (distance between rows) was examined for various adapted soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars in southwestern Ontario. Maple Arrow, Harosoy 63 and Harcor cultivars were grown in 18-, 35-, 53-, 71-, and 89-cm row widths seeded at 198 000, 395 000, and 593 000 seeds/ha during 1978 and 1979. The greatest yields were associated with the two narrowest row widths and the two highest seeding rates. Plant height, lodging, and bottom pod height varied mainly with seeding rate and cultivar. In another 2-yr study (1980 and 1981) Maple Arrow, Evans, S1346, Hodgson, A2575, and Harcor were grown at four row widths (18, 35, 53, and 71 cm) and two seeding rates (395 000 and 593 000 seeds/ha). A significant cultivar × row width interaction for yield occurred with Maple Arrow and Harcor showing the greatest yield response. Although a small seeding rate × cultivar interaction occurred, generally, seeding rates between 395 000 and 593 000 seeds/ha were adequate for all cultivars and all row widths.Key words: Glycine max (L.) Merr., seeding rate, row spacing, lodging, yield

scholarly journals Cobalt and Molybdenum applicated via leaf in the growth vegetative and yield of soybean

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
P. L. G. Galdino ◽  
C. S. Pereira ◽  
I. V. A. Fiorini ◽  
F. G. Moraga ◽  
A. G. Comiran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Mass Number ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Trifoliate Leaf ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Made In

Advanced agricultural techniques have considerably increased soybean yield, but have led to the depletion of micronutrients in soils without adequate replenishment and have a key role in the maintenance and / or attainment of high yields in the soybean crop. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the soybean yield components as a function of different doses and times of application of Cobalt (Co) and Molybdenum (Mo) via leaf. The experiment was conducted at the Celeste Farm, in Vera - Mato Grosso. Two applications of Co and Mo were made in the culture with the following doses of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 300 mL, the first application occurred in the V5 stage (fourth fully developed trifoliate leaf), and the second application in R2 (flowering full). A cultivar BRS811CRR was used in 40 plots of 11.25 m². The following variables were evaluated: plant height, dry mass, one hundred grain mass, number of pods per plant, grains per pod and productivity. The agronomic characteristics of the plants were not altered by the application of molybdenum cobalt via leaf, in the different stages of development of the soybean crop.

scholarly journals Discontinuous hydration improves germination and drought tolerance in Annona squamosa seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e56710313706
Author(s):  
José Laurindo dos Santos Júnior ◽  
Rafael Silva Freitas ◽  
Elizamar Ciríaco da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Suppression ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The aim of this work was to determine if the discontinuous hydration of A. squamosa seeds benefit its seed germination and if the seedlings from these seeds have a greater tolerance to water deficit through the analysis of growth parameters. The experimental design was a completely randomized, in a 4x3 factorial, with four HD cycles in seeds (zero, one, two and three) and three water treatments (control with daily watering, and cycles of five and ten-intervals days between watering). Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, dry biomass, root/shoot ratio, leaf area, specific leaf area, and leaf area ratio were evaluated. Discontinuous hydration treatments benefited germination and promoted a better growth of the seedlings under water deficit cycles. The application of three HD cycles increased plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area and dry matter of the seedlings compared to the other cycles. On the other hand, water suppression caused a reduction in the growth of A. squamosa, especially at ten-day intervals between watering. HD cycles in the seeds improved drought tolerance in the seedlings, mainly when three HD cycles are applied to the seeds, suggesting this is a good technique to produce seedlings better tolerant to environments with reduced water availability.

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