SET-UP DUE TO RANDOM WAVES: INFLUENCE OF THE DIRECTIONAL SPECTRUM

The correct estimation of set-up is very important to evaluate coastal hazard and to design coastal structures. In this paper, we derived a mathematical expression for wave set-up in the context of random waves. The solution to this expression assumes straight, parallel depth contours and constant average flow parameters in the longshore direction. We then investigated the effect of different types of sea state taking account of different frequency spectrum and spreading function assumed in the expression on estimates of wave set-up. We found the set-up was highly influenced by the frequency spectrum used. Finally, we applied this expression to estimate set-up values at locations in Italy and in the United States using buoy data provided by ISPRA (Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale) and NDBC (National Data Buoy Centre).

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Set-Up due to Random Waves: Influence of the Directional Spectrum

Volume 6: Ocean Engineering ◽

10.1115/omae2011-49977 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Giuseppe Barbaro ◽

Giandomenico Foti ◽

Giovanni Malara

Keyword(s):

Irregular Waves ◽

Random Waves ◽

Practical Application ◽

National Data ◽

Frequency Spectra ◽

Directional Spectrum ◽

Flow Parameters ◽

Spreading Function ◽

Set Up ◽

Buoy Data

This paper deals with the estimation of set-up due to irregular waves. Following the logic of Barbaro and Martino [1], it is derived the analytical expression of the set-up. The solution is based on the hypotheses of straight, parallel depth contours and constant average flow parameters in the longshore direction. In this context, the corresponding value of the set-up is calculated from a specified off-shore directional spectrum. The effect of the assumed directional spectrum is investigated. In particular, set-up is estimated by considering the following frequency spectra: Pierson-Moskowitz [2], JONSWAP [3] and Ochi-Hubble [4]. Further, influence of the spreading function is investigated by assuming a cosine-power [5] and a hyperbolic spreading function [6]. It is shown that the assumed off-shore spectrum significantly modifies the estimated set-up. It is proposed a practical application. The estimation has been carried out by considering various Italian and American locations. The model is applied from buoy data, that are provided by ISPRA (Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale) and by NDBC (National Data Buoy Center).

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DIFFRACTION DIAGRAMS FOR DIRECTIONAL RANDOM WAVES

Coastal Engineering Proceedings ◽

10.9753/icce.v16.35 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 1 (16) ◽

pp. 35 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yoshimi Goda ◽

Tomotsuka Takayama ◽

Tasumasa Suzuki

Keyword(s):

Wave Diffraction ◽

Spectral Characteristics ◽

Wave Spectrum ◽

Standard Form ◽

Random Wave ◽

Random Waves ◽

Directional Spectrum ◽

Spreading Function ◽

Wave Heights ◽

Directional Wave

Conventional wave diffraction diagrams often yield erroneous estimation of wave heights behind breakwaters in the sea, because they are prepared for monochromatic waves while actual waves in the sea are random with directional spectral characteristics. A proposal is made for the standard form of directional wave spectrum on the basis of Mitsuyasu's formula for directional spreading function. A new set of diffraction diagrams have been constructed for random waves with the proposed directional spectrum. Problems of multi-diffraction and multi-reflection within a harbour can also be solved with serial applications of random wave diffraction.

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Infection Prevention Considerations for a Multi-Mission Convention Center Field Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness ◽

10.1017/dmp.2021.210 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Jennifer A. Jones ◽

Zishan K. Siddiqui ◽

Charles Callahan ◽

Surbhi Leekha ◽

Sharon Smyth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Best Practices ◽

Infection Prevention ◽

Diagnostic Testing ◽

The United States ◽

Infection Prevention And Control ◽

Field Hospital ◽

First Case ◽

Convention Center ◽

Set Up ◽

And Control

Abstract The state of Maryland identified its first case of COVID-19 on March 5, 2020. The Baltimore Convention Center (BCCFH) quickly became a selected location to set up a 250-bed inpatient Field Hospital and Alternate Care Site. In contrast to other field hospitals throughout the United States, the BCCFH remained open throughout the pandemic and took on additional COVID-19 missions, including community SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing, monoclonal antibody infusions for COVID-19 outpatients, and community COVID-19 vaccinations. At the time of publication, the BCCFH had cared for 1,478 COVID-19 inpatients, performed 108,155 COVID-19 tests, infused 2,166 COVID-19 patients, and administered 115,169 doses of COVID-19 vaccine. To prevent the spread of pathogens during operations, infection prevention and control guidelines were essential to ensure the safety of staff and patients. Through multi-agency collaboration, utilization of infection prevention best practices, and answering what we describe as “PPE-ESP”, an operational framework was established to reduce infection risks for those providing or receiving care at the BCCFH during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Representing, commemorating, and memorizing terrorist attacks: Discussing the US and French experiences

Violence: An International Journal ◽

10.1177/26330024211024449 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 263300242110244

Author(s):

Alice M. Greenwald ◽

Clifford Chanin ◽

Henry Rousso ◽

Michel Wieviorka ◽

Mohamed-Ali Adraoui

Keyword(s):

Historical Context ◽

The United States ◽

Terrorist Attacks ◽

The Political ◽

Modes Of Operation ◽

The Us ◽

Places Of Memory ◽

Similarities And Differences ◽

Set Up ◽

Do So

How do societies and states represent the historical, moral, and political weight of the terrorist attacks they have had to face? Having suffered in recent years from numerous terrorist attacks on their soil originating from jihadist movements, and often led by actors who were also their own citizens, France and the United States have set up—or seek to do so—places of memory whose functions, conditions of creation, modes of operation, and nature of the messages sent may vary. Three of the main protagonists and initiators of two museum-memorial projects linked to terrorist attacks have agreed to deliver their visions of the role and of the political, social, and historical context in which these projects have emerged. Allowing to observe similarities and differences between the American and French approach, this interview sheds light on the place of memory and feeling in societies struck by tragic events and seeking to cure their ills through memory and commemoration.

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Making Nano Matter

Science Technology & Human Values ◽

10.1177/0162243911429334 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

pp. 604-626 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Elena Simakova

Keyword(s):

Social Science ◽

Scientific Practice ◽

Social Science Research ◽

Science Research ◽

The United States ◽

University Campus ◽

Relevant Research ◽

Societal Relevance ◽

Set Up ◽

Interpretive Flexibility

The article examines science-policy conversations mediated by social science in attempts to govern, or set up terms for, scientific research. The production of social science research accounts about science faces challenges in the domains of emerging technosciences, such as nano. Constructing notions of success and failure, participants in science actively engage in the interpretation of policy notions, such as the societal relevance of their research. Industrial engagement is one of the prominent themes both in policy renditions of governable science, and in the participants’ attempts to achieve societally relevant research, often oriented into the future. How do we, as researchers, go about collecting, recording, and analyzing such future stories? I examine a series of recent interviews conducted in a number of US universities, and in particular at a university campus on the West Coast of the United States. The research engages participants through interviews, which can be understood as occasions for testing the interpretive flexibility of nano as “good” scientific practice and of what counts as societal relevance, under what circumstances and in view of what kind of audiences.

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International Wheat Council

International Organization ◽

10.1017/s0020818300006354 ◽

1947 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 386-387

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Great Britain ◽

The United States ◽

Member States ◽

Central Organ ◽

Set Up

Established by a Memorandum of Agreement signed by Argentina, Australia, Canada, Great Britain, and the United States in April, 1942, the International Wheat Council was set up as an agency to deal with the allocation of wheat surpluses. During the war it has served as a central organ to administer and coordinate the work of implementing the commitments of member-states to a pool of wheat for the relief of war-stricken and other necessitous areas. It held two sessions in Washington during 1946.

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Les relations canado-américaines : Nationalisme et continentalisme

Études internationales ◽

10.7202/701465ar ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 23-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Louis Balthazar

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

North America ◽

Manifest Destiny ◽

The United States ◽

Cultural Integration ◽

British North America ◽

History Of ◽

Canadian Nationalism ◽

Set Up ◽

National Perspective

This paper's objective is to bring forth some elements which confirm the following hypothesis : Canada is consigned to continentalism, namely to economic and cultural integration with the United States though this fact is shrouded in a Canadian nationalism of sorts. The continentalist mentality is rooted in the history of British North America, inhabited mostly by refugees from America who have remained inherently "Yankees" in spite of their anti-americanism. The Confederation itself is based on a sort of complicity with the United States. More recently there were talks of a "North American nationality", and continentalism both cultural and economic has come to be seen as a 'force of nature" which the governments, at the most, put into a chanelling process. Still, it is possible for Canadian nationalism to exist provided it does not go beyond the threshold whence it would run headlong into the continental mentality. Canada has defined itself through an international or non-national perspective far too long for today's nationalism not to remain weak and poorly established. But the Americans whose "manifest destiny" has succeeded in spreading over Canada without even their having tried to hoist their flag there find it to their advantage to maintain some form of Canadian sovereignty. Canada as a "friendly nation" can be of use to Washington. That is why there are almost as many advocates for Canada's independence in the United States as there are north of the border. Canadian nationalism can thus further the interests of some Canadian elites without seriously prejudicing continental integration which can very well afford not to be set up into formalized structures.

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Constitutional Law in 1942–1943: The Constitutional Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States in the October Term, 1942

American Political Science Review ◽

10.2307/1950166 ◽

1944 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 266-288

Author(s):

Robert E. Cushman

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Supreme Court ◽

West Coast ◽

The United States ◽

Japanese American ◽

Circuit Court ◽

Court Of Appeals ◽

The Supreme Court ◽

Set Up ◽

The Right

On February 15, 1943, Wiley B. Rutledge, Jr., a judge of the United States Circuit Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, took the seat on the Supreme Court vacated by the resignation in October, 1942, of Mr. Justice Byrnes. There were no other changes in the Court's personnel. Disagreement among the justices abated somewhat. In only a dozen cases of importance did either four or three justices dissent, as against some thirty cases in the last term. The Court overruled two earlier decisions, both recent; and the reversal in each case was made possible by the vote of Mr. Justice Rutledge.A. QUESTIONS OF NATIONAL POWER1. WAR POWER-CIVIL VERSUS MILITARY AUTHORITYWest Coast Curfew Applied to Japanese-American Citizens. In February, 1942, the President issued Executive Order No. 9066, which authorized the creation of military areas from which any or all persons might be excluded and with respect to which the right of persons to enter, remain in, or leave should be subject to such regulations as the military authorities might prescribe. On March 2, the entire West Coast to an average depth of forty miles was set up as Military Area No. 1 by the Commanding General in that area, and the intention was announced to evacuate from it persons of suspected loyalty, alien enemies, and all persons, aliens and citizens alike, of Japanese ancestry.

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Washington will engage more with South-east Asia

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db262025 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

East Asia ◽

The United States ◽

South East Asia ◽

National Unity ◽

Content Type ◽

Key Issues ◽

Set Up

Significance She addressed two key issues during her trip: tensions in post-coup Myanmar and China’s growing regional footprint. Shortly after she left the region, the United States announced that it would donate unused COVID-19 vaccines abroad, including to South-east Asia. Impacts Washington will tighten its sanctions on the Myanmar military while supporting ASEAN’s five-point plan to ease the country’s crisis. The National Unity Government, a parallel administration to Myanmar’s junta set up by its opponents, will try to attract greater US backing. Manila and Washington may extend negotiations over renewing their Visiting Forces Agreement to prevent the pact expiring in August.

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