scholarly journals Experimental Testing of Scarf Joints and Laminated Timber for Wooden Boatbuilding Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 163 (A3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Baptiste Souppez
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Timber Construction ◽  
Marine Industry ◽  
Small Craft ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Scarf Joints ◽  
The One

Timber construction has recently seen a significant regain of interest across a range of industries, owing to contemporary concerns for sustainability. In the marine industry, historic principles of traditional wooden boatbuilding remain present, with empirical rules still common practice, as is the case for scarf joints. Moreover, laminated wood is made more attractive and efficient thanks to modern adhesives. However, with the progress made in structural analysis, these assemblies can now be refined based on scientifically informed evidence. This paper employs destructive testing to tackle two distinct cases. On the one hand, the strength of plain scarf joints as a function of their slope is evaluated. On the other hand, the effectiveness of a range of adhesives is ascertained for the purpose of laminated manufacturing. The results are compared to both solid wood and the mechanical properties assumed by modern scantling regulations, revealing significant differences. The novel research findings provide a better understanding of these fundamental timber construction principles, supporting designers and builders alike in making informed choices while promoting safer regulatory compliance and enabling the future development of structural small craft standards. Applications beyond the structural design of wooden boats are also anticipated, for instance in sustainable buildings and architecture.

scholarly journals Timber Construction: An Experimental Assessment of the Strength of Scarf Joints and the Effectiveness of Various Adhesives for Laminated Wood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Baptiste R. G. Souppez
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Timber Construction ◽  
Marine Industry ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Scarf Joints ◽  
The One ◽  
Made In

Timber construction has recently seen a significant regain of interest across a range of industries, owing to contemporary concerns for sustainability. In the marine industry, historic principles of traditional wooden boatbuilding remain present, with empirical rules still common practice, as is the case for scarf joints. Moreover, laminated wood is made more attractive and efficient thanks to modern adhesives. However, with the progresses made in structural analysis, these assemblies can now be refined based on scientifically informed evidence. Consequently, this paper will employ destructive testing to tackle two distinct cases. On the one hand, the strength of feathered (plain) scarf joints as a function of their slope will be evaluated. On the other hand, the effectiveness of a range of adhesives will be ascertained for the purpose of laminated manufacturing. Ultimately, the results will be compared to both the strength of solid wood and the mechanical properties assumed by modern scantling regulations, revealing significant differences. The research findings provide a better understanding of these fundamental timber construction principles, supporting designers and builders alike in making informed choices and promoting safer regulatory compliance. It is also anticipated these findings will impact structural design beyond the wooden boatbuilding field, with applications in sustainable buildings and architecture.

Crashworthiness Performance of Mass-Efficient Extruded Structures

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Mayer ◽  
Weigang Chen ◽  
Anil Sachdev
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Nonlinear Material ◽  
Dynamic Strain ◽  
Cell Design ◽  
Explicit Finite Element ◽  
The One ◽  
Crushing Behavior

Theoretical, numerical and experimental studies were conducted on the axial crushing behavior of traditional single-cell and innovative four-cell extrusions. Two commercial aluminum alloys, 6061 and 6063, both with two tempers (T4 and T6), were considered in the study. Testing coupons taken from the extrusions assessed the nonlinear material properties. A theoretical solution was available for the one-cell design, and was developed for the mean crushing force of the four-cell section. Numerical simulations were carried out using the explicit finite element code LS-DYNA. The aluminum alloy 6063T4 was found to absorb less energy than 6061T4, for both the one-cell and four-cell configurations. Both 6061 and 6063 in the T6 temper were found to have significant fracture in the experimental testing. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations predicted a greater number of folds for the four-cell design, as compared to the one-cell design, and this was confirmed in the experiments. The theoretical improvement in energy absorption of 57% for the four-cell in comparison with the one-cell design was confirmed by experiment. The good agreement between the theoretical, numerical and experimental results allows confidence in the application of the theoretical and numerical tools for both single-cell and innovative four-cell extrusions. It was also demonstrated that these materials have very little dynamic strain rate effect.

scholarly journals Experimental Testing of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams Designed by Strut-And-Tie Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6217
Author(s):  
Anka Starčev-Ćurčin ◽  
Andrija Rašeta ◽  
Mirjana Malešev ◽  
Danijel Kukaras ◽  
Vlastimir Radonjanin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Deep Beams ◽  
Simply Supported ◽  
Strut And Tie ◽  
The Third ◽  
Variation Parameter ◽  
The One

The aim of the research presented in this paper is the experimental confirmation of the numerically defined shapes of the Strut-and-Tie models, designed according to the EN 1992-1-1 recommendations, and obtained from the software “ST method”. Three reinforced concrete deep beams with openings were tested. Each of them had the same dimensions and quality of the material characteristics. The specimens, constructed as simply supported beams, were loaded with two concentrated forces and were tested for bending until failure. Each specimen was reinforced with different reinforcement layout determined by variation parameter β, incorporated in the software “ST method”. For the determination of the Strut-and-Tie models, all of the reinforcement layouts were equally favored in the first specimen (β = 1.0 for 0°, 45°, and 90°), only the horizontal direction was favored in the second (β = 1.0 for 0°), while in the third specimen the one at the angle of 45° (β = 1.0 for 45°). Based on the results of experimental research, it was concluded that the behavior of loaded members was in agreement with the proposed shapes of the Strut-and-Tie models that were used for their design, and it was confirmed that the program “ST method” can be used for obtaining Strut–and-Tie models.

scholarly journals The Reaction to Fire Test for Fire Retardant and for Combustible Material

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Adelaida Fanfarová ◽  
Ladislav Mariš
Keyword(s):  
Fire Test ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Combustible Material ◽  
Hemp Fiber ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Timber Construction

Abstract Currently the natural materials become popular building material for houses, buildings and recreational property. The risk of fires in residential timber construction or eco houses cannot be completely ruled out, therefore there is a need for proper and correct implementing preventive measures and application of all available solutions, which may reduce the risk of fire as far as possible, to slow down the combustion process, to protect the life of people, animals and also the building itself until arrival members of the Fire and Rescue Services. Fireproofing of combustible materials is a specific area of fire protection. For scientific research as well as for real-life practice, not only their structural and physical properties, but also fire-technical characteristics are really important. The present researchers mostly focus on fire-retardant treatment of wood that is why the authors of this contribution focused on a different combustible material. This research article presents the experimental testing and examination of the reaction to fire test of the selected thermal insulation of hemp fiber that was impregnated by the selected fire retardant in laboratory conditions.

Regulations and Standards in Public Cloud

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Jitendra Singh ◽  
Kamlesh Kumar Raghuvanshi
Keyword(s):  
Data Center ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Cloud Provider ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Public Cloud ◽  
The Public ◽  
Regulatory Standards ◽  
The One ◽  
Security Standards

Security is a critical issue particularly in public cloud as it rests with the cloud providers. During security implementation, prevailing security threats and regulatory standards are borne in mind. Regulatory compliance varies from one cloud provider to another according to their maturity and location of the data center. Thus, subscribers need to verify the security requirement meeting their objective and the one implemented by the public cloud provider. To this end, subscribers need to visit each cloud provider's site to view the compliance. This is a time-consuming activity at the same time difficult to locate on a website. This work presents the prominent security standards suggested by the leading security institutions including NIST, CSA, ENISA, ISO, etc., that are applicable to the public cloud. A centrally-driven scheme is proposed in order to empower the subscriber to know the regulation and standards applicable according to their services need. The availability of an exhaustive list at one place will lower the users hassle at subscription time.

scholarly journals University Discourse to Foster Youth’s Sustainability in Society amidst COVID19: International and Russian Features

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7336
Author(s):  
Anastasia Atabekova
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
University Discourse ◽  
Official Site ◽  
The One ◽  
Russian Universities

This paper explores university discourse as a conceptual-communicative macrostructure that verbally represents international organizations’ and universities’ policies and activities to support youth’s sustainable development to support youth’s sustainable development amidst COVID19. The materials include universities’ official site information and higher education-related data from international organizations regarding universities’ activities during the pandemic. The textual corpus from 172 universities from Africa, Asia, Europe, North and Latin America, Oceania, as well as 164 documents with essential international institutional affiliations, were explored. The methodology combined qualitative and quantitative tools, theoretical, and empirical analysis. Data processing rested on thematic content analysis. Manual and computer-based coding techniques were applied. The analysis made it possible to identify major concepts and their constituents which form a verbally expressed conceptual macrostructure of university knowledge and action in fostering youth’s sustainability during pandemics. The findings revealed some standard features within universities communication dimensions, on the one hand, and some specific to Russian universities on the other. Differences between universities and international organizations concerning communication focus were also identified. The research findings result in tentative recommendations to bridge Academia, University, and Society in efforts to foster youth’s status and sustainability in contemporary civilization.

Creating communities of professionalism: addressing cultural and structural barriers

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Murphy
Keyword(s):  
School Improvement ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The One

Purpose – The goal of this narrative synthesis is twofold. The purpose of this paper is to understand the barriers and constraints that hinder or prevent the growth of professional community. The author also want to form an empirical understanding of how educators can be successful in meeting these challenges. In both cases, the author wish to grow this knowledge in the complexity of schooling and the rapids of continuous school improvement. The conceptual architecture for the review is a mixture of research on change and implementation, school improvement, and community. Design/methodology/approach – The paper can best be described as an integrative review or a narrative synthesis – an interpretation of the literature (Vescio et al., 2008), a method that is especially useful when combing qualitative and quantitative research findings. The author follow guidance from Hallinger in explaining the construction of the paper. The goal is to explore the broadest landscape possible to distill knowledge and understanding on the one hand and provide usable material on the other. In the words of Battistich, the aim is “to develop integrative explanatory concepts that provide people with a useful framework for considering action under particular circumstances.” Findings – The paper concludes that there are dynamic cultural and well-entrenched structural barriers that make the realization of professional community problematic. Some of these elements are visible. Many others are deeply buried in the meta-narrative of school improvement. The author also finds that absent direct attention to these conditions, efforts to nurture professional community in schools will be seriously handicapped. Research limitations/implications – Narrative syntheses offer the hope of deep understanding of domains of school improvement. They permit the inclusion of findings garnered from an array of methodologies. At the same time, this mode of investigation lacks the precision associated with more structured methods of knowledge accumulation. Even when done well, it places considerable responsibility on investigators in making sense of findings. Originality/value – By examining research from a wide area of domains, the author is able to construct a comprehensive map of the world of bringing professional community to life in schools for researches, policy actors, developers, and practitioners.

Adapting Asynchronous Communication to Meet the Seven Principles of Effective Teaching

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert DeBard ◽  
Stan Guidera
Keyword(s):  
Effective Teaching ◽  
Asynchronous Communication ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Seven Principles ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The One ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
E Mail

Two potentially conflicting forces are currently impacting higher education. On the one hand, there is the relentless advancement of educational technology as a means of delivering, enhancing, and otherwise becoming an integral part of the teaching-learning process. On the other, there is continuing concern over the economy and quality of education being provided to college students. We propose that asynchronous communication through the use of e-mail, course Web pages, and the Internet can be adapted in such a way as to not only meet the seven principles of effective teaching but to enhance student outcomes. Without sensitive adaptation, however, such computer technology can actually detract from the educational process. Research findings and the resulting strategies for successful implementation of asynchronous communication in the classroom will be provided.

scholarly journals Exploring the Modulatory Effects of Gut Microbiota in Anti-Cancer Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyu Li ◽  
Xiaorong Deng ◽  
Tingtao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Normal Microbiota ◽  
Surgery Research ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The One

In the recent decade, gut microbiota has received growing interest due to its role in human health and disease. On the one hand, by utilizing the signaling pathways of the host and interacting with the immune system, the gut microbiota is able to maintain the homeostasis in human body. This important role is mainly modulated by the composition of microbiota, as a normal microbiota composition is responsible for maintaining the homeostasis of human body, while an altered microbiota profile could contribute to several pathogenic conditions and may further lead to oncogenesis and tumor progression. Moreover, recent insights have especially focused on the important role of gut microbiota in current anticancer therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and surgery. Research findings have indicated a bidirectional interplay between gut microbiota and these therapeutic methods, in which the implementation of different therapeutic methods could lead to different alterations in gut microbiota, and the presence of gut microbiota could in turn contribute to different therapeutic responses. As a result, manipulating the gut microbiota to reduce the therapy-induced toxicity may provide an adjuvant therapy to achieve a better therapeutic outcome. Given the complex role of gut microbiota in cancer treatment, this review summarizes the interactions between gut microbiota and anticancer therapies, and demonstrates the current strategies for reshaping gut microbiota community, aiming to provide possibilities for finding an alternative approach to lower the damage and improve the efficacy of cancer therapy.

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