scholarly journals Exploring the Modulatory Effects of Gut Microbiota in Anti-Cancer Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyu Li ◽  
Xiaorong Deng ◽  
Tingtao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Normal Microbiota ◽  
Surgery Research ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The One

In the recent decade, gut microbiota has received growing interest due to its role in human health and disease. On the one hand, by utilizing the signaling pathways of the host and interacting with the immune system, the gut microbiota is able to maintain the homeostasis in human body. This important role is mainly modulated by the composition of microbiota, as a normal microbiota composition is responsible for maintaining the homeostasis of human body, while an altered microbiota profile could contribute to several pathogenic conditions and may further lead to oncogenesis and tumor progression. Moreover, recent insights have especially focused on the important role of gut microbiota in current anticancer therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and surgery. Research findings have indicated a bidirectional interplay between gut microbiota and these therapeutic methods, in which the implementation of different therapeutic methods could lead to different alterations in gut microbiota, and the presence of gut microbiota could in turn contribute to different therapeutic responses. As a result, manipulating the gut microbiota to reduce the therapy-induced toxicity may provide an adjuvant therapy to achieve a better therapeutic outcome. Given the complex role of gut microbiota in cancer treatment, this review summarizes the interactions between gut microbiota and anticancer therapies, and demonstrates the current strategies for reshaping gut microbiota community, aiming to provide possibilities for finding an alternative approach to lower the damage and improve the efficacy of cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Role of lung and gut microbiota on lung cancer pathogenesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Yuxia Liu ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
Zhaoyun Peng ◽  
Xiantao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide (Ferlay et al., Int J Cancer 136:E359–386, 2015). In addition, lung cancer is associated with the highest mortality among all cancer types (Wu et al., Exp Ther Med 16:3004–3010, 2018). Previous studies report that microbiota play an important role in lung cancer. Notably, changes in lung and gut microbiota, are associated with progression of lung cancer. Several studies report that lung and gut microbiome promote lung cancer initiation and development by modulating metabolic pathways, inhibiting the function of immune cells, and producing pro-inflammatory factors. In addition, some factors such as microbiota dysbiosis, affect production of bacteriotoxins, genotoxicity and virulence effect, therefore, they play a key role in cancer progression. These findings imply that lung and gut microbiome are potential markers and targets for lung cancer. However, the role of microbiota in development and progression of lung cancer has not been fully explored. Purpose The aim of this study was to systemically review recent research findings on relationship of lung and gut microbiota with lung cancer. In addition, we explored gut–lung axis and potential mechanisms of lung and gut microbiota in modulating lung cancer progression. Conclusion Pulmonary and intestinal flora influence the occurrence, development, treatment and prognosis of lung cancer, and will provide novel strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of lung cancer.

scholarly journals Role of Biological Sex in the Cardiovascular-Gut Microbiome Axis

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangyue Li ◽  
Georgios Kararigas
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

There has been a recent, unprecedented interest in the role of gut microbiota in host health and disease. Technological advances have dramatically expanded our knowledge of the gut microbiome. Increasing evidence has indicated a strong link between gut microbiota and the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In the present article, we discuss the contribution of gut microbiota in the development and progression of CVD. We further discuss how the gut microbiome may differ between the sexes and how it may be influenced by sex hormones. We put forward that regulation of microbial composition and function by sex might lead to sex-biased disease susceptibility, thereby offering a mechanistic insight into sex differences in CVD. A better understanding of this could identify novel targets, ultimately contributing to the development of innovative preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for men and women.

scholarly journals The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Colorectal Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (03) ◽  
pp. 192-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Chen
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Health And Disease

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that the gut microbiome, which consists of trillions of microbes representing over 1,000 species of bacteria with over 3 million genes, significantly impacts intestinal health and disease. The gut microbiota not only is capable of promoting intestinal homeostasis and antitumor responses but can also contribute to chronic dysregulated inflammation as well as have genotoxic effects that lead to carcinogenesis. Whether the gut microbiota maintains health or promotes colon cancer may ultimately depend on the composition of the gut microbiome and the balance within the microbial community of protective and detrimental bacterial populations. Disturbances in the normal balanced state of a healthful microbiome, known as dysbiosis, have been observed in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC); however, whether these alterations precede and cause CRC remains to be determined. Nonetheless, studies in mice strongly suggest that the gut microbiota can modulate susceptibility to CRC, and therefore may serve as both biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota structure differs between honey bees in winter and summer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Kešnerová ◽  
Olivier Emery ◽  
Michaël Troilo ◽  
Joanito Liberti ◽  
Berra Erkosar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Bee Health ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Colony Survival ◽  
Future Work

AbstractAdult honey bees harbor a specialized gut microbiota of relatively low complexity. While seasonal differences in community composition have been reported, previous studies have focused on compositional changes rather than differences in absolute bacterial loads. Moreover, little is known about the gut microbiota of winter bees, which live much longer than bees during the foraging season, and which are critical for colony survival. We quantified seven core members of the bee gut microbiota in a single colony over two years and characterized the community composition in 14 colonies during summer and winter. Our data shows that total bacterial loads substantially differ between foragers, nurses, and winter bees. Long-lived winter bees had the highest bacterial loads and the lowest community α-diversity, with a characteristic shift towards high levels of Bartonella and Commensalibacter, and a reduction of opportunistic colonizers. Using gnotobiotic bee experiments, we show that diet is a major contributor to the observed differences in bacterial loads. Overall, our study reveals that the gut microbiota of winter bees is remarkably different from foragers and nurses. Considering the importance of winter bees for colony survival, future work should focus on the role of the gut microbiota in winter bee health and disease.

Pivotal Role Of The Interaction Between Herbal Medicines And Gut Microbiota On Disease Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Zhao ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Zhilong Liu ◽  
Youhua Xu
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Endocrine Diseases ◽  
Health And Disease

: With the recognition of the important role of gut microbiota in both health and disease progression, attempts to modulate its composition as well as its co-metabolism with the organism have attracted special attention. Abundant studies have demonstrated that dysfunction or imbalance of gut microbiota is closely with disease including endocrine diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, tumors, cardiovascular diseases, et al. Herbal medicines have been applied for preventing and treating disease worldwide for hundreds of years. Although the underlying mechanism seems to be complex, one of the important one is through modulating gut microbiota. In this review, co-metabolism between herbal medicines and microbiota, as well as the potential pathways are summarized from most recent published papers.

scholarly journals Microbiota in Pancreatic Diseases: A Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 5920
Author(s):  
Tommaso Schepis ◽  
Sara S. De Lucia ◽  
Enrico C. Nista ◽  
Vittoria Manilla ◽  
Giulia Pignataro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Pancreatic Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Health And Disease

The gut microbiota is a critical element in the balance between human health and disease. Its impairment, defined as dysbiosis, is associated with gastroenterological and systemic diseases. Pancreatic secretions are involved in the composition and changes of the gut microbiota, and the gut microbiota may colonize the pancreatic parenchyma and be associated with the occurrence of diseases. The gut microbiota and the pancreas influence each other, resulting in a “gut microbiota-pancreas axis”. Moreover, the gut microbiota may be involved in pancreatic diseases, both through direct bacterial colonization and an indirect effect of small molecules and toxins derived from dysbiosis. Pancreatic diseases such as acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, autoimmune pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer are common gastroenterological diseases associated with high morbidity and mortality. The involvement of the microbiota in pancreatic diseases is increasingly recognized. Therefore, modifying the intestinal bacterial flora could have important therapeutic implications on these pathologies. The aim of this study is to review the literature to evaluate the alterations of the gut microbiota in pancreatic diseases, and the role of the microbiota in the treatment of these diseases.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota structure differs between honeybees in winter and summer

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 801-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Kešnerová ◽  
Olivier Emery ◽  
Michaël Troilo ◽  
Joanito Liberti ◽  
Berra Erkosar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Bee Health ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Compositional Changes ◽  
Colony Survival ◽  
Future Work

AbstractAdult honeybees harbor a specialized gut microbiota of relatively low complexity. While seasonal differences in community composition have been reported, previous studies have focused on compositional changes rather than differences in absolute bacterial loads. Moreover, little is known about the gut microbiota of winter bees, which live much longer than bees during the foraging season, and which are critical for colony survival. We quantified seven core members of the bee gut microbiota in a single colony over 2 years and characterized the community composition in 14 colonies during summer and winter. Our data show that total bacterial loads substantially differ between foragers, nurses, and winter bees. Long-lived winter bees had the highest bacterial loads and the lowest community α-diversity, with a characteristic shift toward high levels of Bartonella and Commensalibacter, and a reduction of opportunistic colonizers. Using gnotobiotic bee experiments, we show that diet is a major contributor to the observed differences in bacterial loads. Overall, our study reveals that the gut microbiota of winter bees is remarkably different from foragers and nurses. Considering the importance of winter bees for colony survival, future work should focus on the role of the gut microbiota in winter bee health and disease.

Prosumers

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
Mina Fanea-Ivanovici
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
Film Production ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Assessment And Testing ◽  
The One ◽  
Rate Of Success

During the current digital (r)evolution, consumer and producer roles have started to converge, with consumers becoming value creators and, to a certain extent, producers. This phenomenon is particularly enhanced on online platforms and social networks, especially in creative-cultural industries. The goal of this research is to discuss the role of the prosumer in the film industry in the context of crowdfunded projects, with a focus on the Romanian experience. Through an empirical analysis of successful filmmaking crowdfunding projects, the backers' role in the film production process is investigated. The eight cases analysed within this research represent the quasi-totality of the successfully crowdfunded filmmaking projects via Romanian crowdfunding platforms. The research reveals that the active involvement of backers-consumers into the film production process represents one of the most valuable rewards offered in exchange for the highest financial contributions, with the majority of successful filmmaking projects including it in their reward strategy. According to the research findings, filmmakers understand that, on the one hand, fans can financially contribute more by being provided with such an opportunity, and that, on the other hand, prosumers can use their skills and expertise and translate them into creative input, execution, assessment, and testing of the project. The author posits that the opportunity to become producer in a film is an incentive to financially (and additionally non-financially) contribute to the project, thus increasing the odds of the project to be successful. Such conclusion can improve the reward scheme in crowdfunded filmmaking projects as well as their rate of success.

scholarly journals Type-2 Diabetics Reduces Spatial Variation of Microbiome Based on Extracellular Vesicles from Gut Microbes across Human Body

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geumkyung Nah ◽  
Sang-Cheol Park ◽  
Kangjin Kim ◽  
Sungmin Kim ◽  
Jaehyun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Gut Microbes ◽  
Serum And Urine

AbstractAs a result of advances in sequencing technology, the role of gut microbiota in the mechanism of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been revealed. Studies showing wide distribution of microbiome throughout the human body, even in the blood, have motivated the investigation of the dynamics in gut microbiota across the humans. Particularly, extracellular vesicles (EVs), lipid bilayer structures secreted from the gut microbiota, have recently come into the spotlight because gut microbe-derived EVs affect glucose metabolism by inducing insulin resistance. Recently, intestine hyper-permeability linked to T2DM has also been associated with the interaction between gut microbes and leaky gut epithelium, which increases the uptake of macromolecules like lipopolysaccharide from the membranes of microbes leading to chronic inflammation. In this article, we firstly investigate the co-occurrence of stool microbes and microbe-derived EVs across serum and urine in human subjects (N = 284), showing the dynamics and stability of gut derived EVs. Stool EVs are intermediate, while the bacterial composition in both urine and serum EVs is distinct from the stool microbiome. The co-occurrence of microbes was compared between patients with T2DM (N = 29) and matched in healthy subjects (N = 145). Our results showed significantly higher correlations in patients with T2DM compared to healthy subjects across stool, serum, and urine, which could be interpreted as the dysfunction of intestinal permeability in T2DM. Therefore, the significant correlation of EVs might give insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms of T2DM, as well as the role of EVs as a biomarker in the intestinal permeability of T2DM.

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