scholarly journals Social networks and environmental management at multiple levels: soil conservation in Sumatra

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Matous
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Multiple Levels

scholarly journals Social Networks, a Populated Picture

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. C04
Author(s):  
Fabio Fornasari
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Physical Reality ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
The Way

Man, by his very nature, puts things between himself and the environment, turning the latter into a place, a space. He arranges the environment around him on multiple levels, by projecting parts of himself and shaping the frontiers and the horizons that surround, define and represent him. This was learnt a long time ago, but a trace and a memory remain in the way man acts: when mapping reality (both physical reality and the reality explored through digital means), we observe it and find a way through it by adopting behaviours that have always been similar. What has changed in this mapping is the ability to recognise, especially the ability to interpret maps and creatively work them.

Linking Social Networks and Trust at Multiple Levels: Examining Dutch Elementary Schools

2014 ◽  
pp. 207-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nienke M. Moolenaar ◽  
Sjoerd Karsten ◽  
Peter J. C. Sleegers ◽  
Alan J. Daly
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Multiple Levels

Local Enforcement of Pollution Control in Developing Countries: A Comparison of Guangzhou, Delhi, and Taipei

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shui-yan Tang ◽  
Vandana Prakash ◽  
Ching-ping Tang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
National Government ◽  
Environmental Activism ◽  
Democratic Institutions ◽  
Regulatory Enforcement ◽  
Legal Remedies ◽  
Local Flexibility ◽  
Multiple Levels

Environmental management typically involves multiple levels of government. Yet the intergovernmental context of environmental management in developing countries is seldom explored in the literature. This paper examines this issue by comparing the experiences in Guangzhou, Delhi, and Taipei, in which various types of unfavourable conditions create different problems for local regulatory enforcement. The study shows that, as commitment from the national government to local regulatory enforcement remains weak, the presence of local democratic institutions, legal remedies, and local environmental activism are key ingredients for checking against local enforcement slack. As legal remedies have various limitations, a bottom-up approach based on local flexibility, democratic processes, and environmental awareness and activism are more likely to bear fruit in the fight against pollution in developing countries.

scholarly journals Informação e corpo: uma dança entre o individual e o social

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Graziela Andrade ◽  
Anderson Fabian Ferreira Higino
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Mots Clés ◽  
Complex Thinking ◽  
Réseaux Sociaux ◽  
Mouvements Sociaux ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Reseaux Sociaux ◽  
Collective Production

<p><strong>Resumo: </strong>Com base na articulação de fundamentos teóricos da semiótica, das redes sociais e do pensamento complexo, são discutidas as relações que unem informação e corpo, no contexto do perene diálogo entre indivíduos e múltiplos níveis de organização social. Nossa jornada cibercultural tem como ponto de partida um experimento inovador, no domínio da criação coreográfica, e segue a trilha dos complexos desafios hoje presentes nas intrincadas experiências de leitura da realidade e de produção individual-coletiva de sentidos, projetos, biografias e histórias.</p><p><strong>Résumé: </strong>Basé sur une articulation de fondements théoriques de la sémiotique, des réseaux sociaux et de la pensée complexe, les relations qui unissent l’information et le corps dans le dialogue entre l’individu et les<br />multiples niveaux sociaux y sont discutées. Ce parcours cyberculturel a un point de départ dans une expérience innovatrice, sur le terrain de la<br />création chorégraphique, pour suivre immédiatement le cours des défis<br />présents aujourd’hui dans les expériences intriquées de lecture de la<br />réalité et de la production individuelle et collective de sens, de projets,<br />de biographies et d’histoires. </p><p><strong><span lang="EN-US">Mots-clés:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><strong><span lang="EN-US"> </span></strong></span><span lang="EN-US">information; corps; sémiotique; réseaux; complexité; cyberculture; mouvements sociaux<span class="apple-converted-space">.</span></span></p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Based on theoretical notions from semiotics, social networks and complex thinking, we discuss the relations between information and body, in the perennial context of dialog that links together individuals and multiple levels of social organization. Our cybercultural journey departures from an innovative experiment on choreographic creation and takes us to the complex challenges that are present in nowadays intricate experiences of reality reading and individual-collective production of senses, projects, biographies, and histories.</p><p><strong><span lang="EN-US">Keywords:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><strong><span lang="EN-US"> </span></strong></span><span lang="EN-US">information; body; semiotics; networks; complexity; cyberculture; social movements.</span></p>

scholarly journals Transform the Land, Train the Youth: Water and Soil Conservation Teams and State-Induced Migration in mid-1960s China

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Micah S. Muscolino
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Young People ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Urban Youth ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Water And Soil Conservation ◽  
Transgressive Behavior ◽  
Party State

Abstract Beginning in 1964, the PRC party-state orchestrated the resettlement of thousands of young people from cities to erosion-prone areas in China's Loess Plateau to form “water and soil conservation teams” (shuitu baochi zhuanyedui). Although their ostensible mission was to limit erosion by building terraces and planting trees, documents related to conservation teams emphasized their capacity to thoroughly reform urban youth while mobilizing them to do the work of remaking the environment. Provincial and county archives, along with fieldwork conducted at the site of one water and soil conservation team in Shaanxi province's Baishui county, indicate that conservation teams did not realize either of these objectives. Due to urban youth's inexperience with agriculture and conservation, they did little to promote environmental management. At the same time, unruly teenagers who migrated to the countryside to join conservation teams, as well as the cadres who oversaw them, continued to engage in transgressive behavior.

Multitheoretical, Multilevel Models of Communication and Other Organizational Networks

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Monge ◽  
Noshir Contractor
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Single Level ◽  
Network Research ◽  
Social Theories ◽  
Link Density ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Almost All

In this book we have argued for a multitheoretical, multilevel approach to the study of communication and other forms of organizational and social networks. We began by exploring several problems within the existing corpus of network research. We then showed how the MTML model provides a network research strategy that resolves most of these problems. (For ease of presentation, this review of the essential arguments and social theories includes citations only to references that have not been cited in earlier chapters of this book.) The first problem is the fact that the vast majority of network research is atheoretical. One reason for this is that there are very few explicit theories of social networks. Another reason is that researchers are generally not cognizant of the relational and structural implications inherent in various social theories. Even research that does employ theory typically does so without much attention to the network mechanisms implicit in the theories. A second problem with network research is that most scholars approach networks from a rather myopic, single-level perspective, which is reflected in the fact that almost all published research operates at a single level of analysis. Thus, they tend to focus on individual features of the network such as density. For the most part, researchers tend to ignore the multiple other components out of which most network configurations are composed, structural components from multiple levels of analysis such as mutuality, transitivity, and network centralization. Employing single levels of analysis is not inherently wrong; it is simply incomplete. Importantly, these components suggest different theoretical mechanisms in the formation, continuation, and eventual reconfiguration of networks. Typically, better explanations come from research that utilizes multiple levels of analysis. The third problem centers on the fact that most network research focuses on the relatively obvious elementary features of networks such as link density and fails to explore other, more complex properties of networks such as attributes of nodes or multiplex relations. But the members of networks often possess interesting theoretical properties, which help to shape the configurations in which they are embedded, and networks are themselves often tied to other networks.

Social capital and mental health

2018 ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Kwame McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Civic Participation ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Multiple Levels

fSocial capital is a theory that attempts to describe features of the fabric of society. It identifies factors in populations such as the level of civic participation, social networks, and levels of trust because such forces shape the quality and quantity of social interactions and institutions that underpin society. Two questions have dominated the literature: can social capital prevent or cause mental illness, and does the level or type of social capital have an impact on the rate of mental illness? Though the quality and strength of the literature is at best patchy, the general conclusion is that there is an association between higher levels of some types of social capital and a lower risk of mental health problems. This chapter discusses the possible mechanisms at multiple levels through which social capital may change the risk and rates of mental illness.

Panchayati Raj and environmental management

Social Change ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 212-222
Author(s):  
George Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The People ◽  
Ideal Situation ◽  
Administrative Planning ◽  
Panchayati Raj ◽  
Land Improvement ◽  
The Ideal

The 73rd Constitution Amendment Act, making Panchayats at three levels ‘Institutions of Self-government’ has also provided a list of subjects to be brought under the Panchayats. Among the 29 subjects mentioned in the Eleventh Schedule, land improvement, land consolidation, soil conservation, water management, social forestry, minor forest produce, non-conventional energy sources, sanitation, and maintenance of assets, are subjects related to environmental management. In the fifty years after Independence there was a statutary vacuum at the local level for planning and implementing programmes which protect the life and property of the people and improve their quality of life. The idea was that whatever the people's needs were, they could be dealt with from the top, the relics of an imperial structure, through the departments and their officials. Now we know that this approach has never been sensitive to local necessities. If we accept Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) as the defacto third tier of governance, all administrative, planning and implementation activities should converge at the district level from the Gram Sabhas, Village Panchayats and Block Samitis. The Constitution has made provisions for this in Article 243. People's representatives taking decisions in tandem with the experts, is the ideal situation to protect the environment and ecological balance.

Particle characterization of CVD tungsten metallization for 64 MBIT DRAM

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 896-897
Author(s):  
Marylyn Bennett-Lilley ◽  
Thomas T.H. Fu ◽  
David D. Yin ◽  
R. Allen Bowling
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Device Performance ◽  
Particle Characterization ◽  
Particle Generation ◽  
Tungsten Hexafluoride ◽  
Homogeneous Particle ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Circuit Density ◽  
Sources Of Contamination

Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) tungsten metallization is used to increase VLSI device performance due to its low resistivity, and improved reliability over other metallization schemes. Because of its conformal nature as a blanket film, CVD-W has been adapted to multiple levels of metal which increases circuit density. It has been used to fabricate 16 MBIT DRAM technology in a manufacturing environment, and is the metallization for 64 MBIT DRAM technology currently under development. In this work, we investigate some sources of contamination. One possible source of contamination is impurities in the feed tungsten hexafluoride (WF6) gas. Another is particle generation from the various reactor components. Another generation source is homogeneous particle generation of particles from the WF6 gas itself. The purpose of this work is to investigate and analyze CVD-W process-generated particles, and establish a particle characterization methodology.

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