Urwahlen auf Landesebene

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Küppers
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Process Tracing ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Causal Mechanisms ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Decision Making Processes

To uncover the complex causal mechanisms that lead to the occasional democratisation of decision-making processes by party branches at the regional level, this study pursues a novel approach. It applies process-tracing and uses both data from interviews as well as party and newspaper documents. The author shows that, usually, a combination of an electoral shock, the desire for a peaceful solution to an internal conflict and tactical motives can explain a party’s decision to give its rank-and-file a say. With regard to the consequences of this novel selection method, she uses statistical methods to show that the most experienced candidate is disadvantaged in primaries, whereas women are not.

Statistical Methods in the Automotive Industry

2015 ◽  
Vol 791 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Ewa Golińska ◽  
Marcin Zemczak
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Statistical Process Control ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Controlling of the manufacturing processes is one of the key factors that allow companies to produce goods of high quality. In the article one of methods of the quality management - statistical process control (SPC) has been discussed. On the example of the car headrests manufacturing enterprise benefits from applying this method have been presented. Authors pointed out that the use of statistical methods in decision-making processes must not be difficult and time-consuming, if is being supported by a computer with using inexpensive tools.

scholarly journals Analýza volieb do orgánov samosprávnych krajov v Slovenskej republike

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukáš Ivančík
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Full Participation ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Regional Elections ◽  
Democratic Country ◽  
Independent Candidates

Elections are an essential part of any democratic country. With the establishment of self-governing regions, the first elections to the bodies of higher territorial units took place in Slovakia in 2001. Through them, voters can influence decisions at the regional level and be fully involved in decision-making processes. Only through elections is it possible to ensure the full participation of the population in decision-making on regional policy, which is ensured by the second level of regional self-government. The aim of the article is to analyze the constitutional regulation of regional elections in the Slovak Republic, to analyze all regional elections held since 2001 with a focus on voters participation, causes of non-participation and certain specifics that result from individual elections. Last but not least, the aim is to assess the participation of independent candidates and their growing popularity among voters. URL: https://vsas.fvs.upjs.sk/

scholarly journals Regulatory discretion: structuring power in the era of regulatory capitalism

Legal Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Rebecca Schmidt ◽  
Colin Scott
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
League Tables ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Automated Decision Making

Abstract Discretion gives decision makers choices as to how resources are allocated, or how other aspects of state largesse or coercion are deployed. Discretionary state power challenges aspects of the rule of law, first by transferring decisions from legislators to departments, agencies and street-level bureaucrats and secondly by risking the uniform application of key fairness and equality norms. Concerns to find alternative and decentred forms of regulation gave rise to new types of regulation, sometimes labeled ‘regulatory capitalism’. Regulatory capitalism highlights the roles of a wider range of actors exercising powers and a wider range of instruments. It includes also new forms of discretion, for example over automated decision making processes, over the formulation and dissemination of league tables or over the use of behavioural measures. This paper takes a novel approach by linking and extending the significant literature on these changing patterns of regulatory administration with consideration of the changing modes of deployment of discretion. Using this specific lens, we observe two potentially contradictory trends: an increase in determining and structuring administrative decision, leading to a more transparent use of discretion; and the increased use of automated decision making processes which have the potential of producing a less transparent black box scenario.

Political Audiences and the Abolition of Capital Punishment in the Asia Pacific

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-59
Author(s):  
Samantha Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Process Tracing ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
International Pressure ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Domestic Support

This article investigates why some states in the Asia Pacific have retained capital punishment, while others have abolished it, either de facto or de jure. In contrast to existing theories, it is theorised that governments conduct cost-benefit calculations considering both domestic support and international pressure for abolition, then formulate their death penalty policy based on the lowest cost scenario. This theory is tested by applying controlled comparison and process tracing analysis to three cases: Cambodia, South Korea, and Indonesia. These case studies demonstrate that pressures from domestic and international political audiences are determinative in states’ decision-making processes regarding capital punishment.

scholarly journals Covid-19: A Different Economic Crisis but the Same Paradigm of Democratic Deficit in the EU

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-264
Author(s):  
Dina Sebastião
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
National Interest ◽  
Process Tracing ◽  
Democratic Deficit ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
Ideological Debate ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Eu

Based on a normative orientation and an interdisciplinary perspective, this is a comparative study, using the process tracing methodology, between the EU responses to Eurozone and Covid-19 crises to assess if, despite different outcomes, institutional decision-making processes evidence a change. The study concluded that the EU democratic deficit remains, which assumes special features in economic crises, providing a political oversize power to the economically hegemonic states, thus constraining ideological debate and making national interest prevail over politicisation. This perpetuates the conversion of structural economic positions into political power at the expense of political representative power and democracy.

Proposing a Cyclic Model of Tourist Decision Making: A Review and Integration of Behavioral and Choice-Set Models

2021 ◽  
pp. 109634802110607
Author(s):  
Ruizhe Fang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Consideration Sets ◽  
Cyclic Model ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Choice Set

Tourist decision studies focus on modeling decision-making behaviors, conceptualizing phases in decision making, and influential factors. Incorporating behavioral and choice-set model strategies, the current study proposes a generalizable cyclic model of tourist decision-making processes with a structure of repeatable behavioral stages integrated with relevant consideration sets. A “decision-making threshold” and “information loop limit” are introduced to control how and when the decision-making process starts or ends. The proposed model makes it possible to represent different decision-making styles by capturing the dynamic repetition of behavioral stages and the revision of consideration sets. The integration allows a novel approach for analyzing the formation of final decisions resulting from decision makers’ limited subjective evaluations and for studying decision rules as the combinations of “evaluation rule” and “information loop limit.” Practical implications and measures are provided for tourism practitioners to better understand and influence potential consumers. Future research questions are also suggested.

Cognitive Processing of Miscommunication in Interactive Listening: An Evaluation of Listener Indecision and Cognitive Effort

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Roche ◽  
Arkady Zgonnikov ◽  
Laura M. Morett
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Mouse Tracking ◽  
Computer Mouse ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Computer Mouse Tracking ◽  
Listening Task ◽  
Processing Effort

Purpose The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the social and cognitive underpinnings of miscommunication during an interactive listening task. Method An eye and computer mouse–tracking visual-world paradigm was used to investigate how a listener's cognitive effort (local and global) and decision-making processes were affected by a speaker's use of ambiguity that led to a miscommunication. Results Experiments 1 and 2 found that an environmental cue that made a miscommunication more or less salient impacted listener language processing effort (eye-tracking). Experiment 2 also indicated that listeners may develop different processing heuristics dependent upon the speaker's use of ambiguity that led to a miscommunication, exerting a significant impact on cognition and decision making. We also found that perspective-taking effort and decision-making complexity metrics (computer mouse tracking) predict language processing effort, indicating that instances of miscommunication produced cognitive consequences of indecision, thinking, and cognitive pull. Conclusion Together, these results indicate that listeners behave both reciprocally and adaptively when miscommunications occur, but the way they respond is largely dependent upon the type of ambiguity and how often it is produced by the speaker.

“It's Not Humanly Possible to Do Everything”: Perspectives on Intervention Decision-Making Processes of Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erinn Finke ◽  
Kathryn Drager ◽  
Elizabeth C. Serpentine
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individualized Education Program ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Interview Methodology ◽  
Communication Interventions

Purpose The purpose of this investigation was to understand the decision-making processes used by parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) related to communication-based interventions. Method Qualitative interview methodology was used. Data were gathered through interviews. Each parent had a child with ASD who was at least four-years-old; lived with their child with ASD; had a child with ASD without functional speech for communication; and used at least two different communication interventions. Results Parents considered several sources of information for learning about interventions and provided various reasons to initiate and discontinue a communication intervention. Parents also discussed challenges introduced once opinions of the school individualized education program (IEP) team had to be considered. Conclusions Parents of children with ASD primarily use individual decision-making processes to select interventions. This discrepancy speaks to the need for parents and professionals to share a common “language” about interventions and the decision-making process.

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