scholarly journals Advanced Breeding Approaches for Cold-Tolerant Chickpea and Lentil in Dryland Areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Hassaneian Khoshro ◽  
Ramin Lotfi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
Molecular Effects ◽  
Novel Alleles ◽  
Selection Of

Chickpea and lentils are the two most economically important food legumes in dryland areas. They are traditionally sown in the spring of cold dryland areas of the Mediterranean regions. Therefore, the grain yield of the crop is affected by drought and high thermal stresses at the end of the season. Autumn cultivation of these crops by cold-tolerant varieties could increase grain yield up to 50%, then spring cultivation through higher availability of soil water. Breeding for cold-tolerant chickpea and lentil that is widely adaptable to autumn cultivation in cold regions and various growth conditions is the best strategic approach but requires a fine-tuned combination of advanced phenotyping and genotyping methods. However, breeding and selection of suitable cold-tolerant chickpea and lentil genotypes is complex by its narrow genetic base, which limits the sources of novel alleles. This chapter illustrates the morphological, physiological, and molecular effects of cold stress on chickpea and lentil growth and development. It will be also elaborated on conventional and advanced breeding approaches and application of advanced genotyping and phenotyping tools commonly used to develop cold-tolerant chickpea and lentil cultivars. The following, about key crop cold-tolerance traits that can be easily screened by using genotypic and phenotypic technologies are discussed.

IMPROVEMENT OF SPRING DURUM WHEAT SELECTION METHODOLOGIES UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS

1970 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
А. I. Grabovets ◽  
V. P. Kadushkina ◽  
S. А. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Chemical Mutagenesis ◽  
Main Method ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

With the growing aridity of the climate on the Don, it became necessary to improve the methodology for conducting the  breeding of spring durum wheat. The main method of obtaining the source material remains intraspecific step hybridization. Crossings were performed between genetically distant forms, differing in origin and required traits and properties. The use of chemical mutagenesis was a productive way to change the heredity of genotypes in terms of drought tolerance. When breeding for productivity, both in dry years of research and in favorable years, the most objective markers were identified — the size of the aerial mass, the mass of grain per plant, spike, and harvest index. The magnitude of the correlation coefficients between the yield per unit area and the elements of its structure is established. It was most closely associated with them in dry years, while in wet years it decreased. Power the correlation of the characteristics of the pair - the grain yield per square meter - the aboveground biomass averaged r = 0.73, and in dry years it was higher (0.91) than in favorable ones (0.61 - 0.70) , between the harvest and the harvest index - r = 0.81 (on average). In dry years, the correlation coefficient increased to 0.92. Research data confirms the greatest importance of the mass of grain from one ear and the plant in the formation of grain yield per unit area in both dry and wet years. In dry years, the correlation coefficient between yield and grain mass per plant was on average r = 0.80; in favorable years, r = 0.69. The relationship between yield and grain mass from the ear was greater — r = 0.84 and r = 0.82, respectively. Consequently, the breeding significance of the aboveground mass and the productivity of the ear, as a criterion for the selection of the crop, especially increases in the dry years. They were basic in the selection.

scholarly journals Supporting Physiological Trait for Indirect Selection for Grain Yield in Drought-Stressed Popcorn

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1510
Author(s):  
Samuel Henrique Kamphorst ◽  
Gabriel Moreno Bernardo Gonçalves ◽  
Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior ◽  
Valter Jário de Lima ◽  
Kátia Fabiane Medeiros Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Leaf Greenness ◽  
Selection Of

The identification of traits associated with drought tolerance in popcorn is a contribution to support selection of superior plants under soil water deficit. The objective of this study was to choose morphological traits and the leaf greenness index, measured on different dates, to estimate grain yield (GY) and popping expansion (PE), evaluated in a set of 20 popcorn lines with different genealogies, estimated by multiple regression models. The variables were divided into three groups: morpho-agronomic traits—100-grain weight (GW), prolificacy (PR), tassel length (TL), number of tassel branches, anthesis-silking interval, leaf angle (FA) and leaf rolling (FB); variables related to the intensity of leaf greenness during the grain-filling period, at the leaf level, measured by a portable chlorophyll meter (SPAD) and at the canopy level, calculated as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The inbred lines were cultivated under two water conditions: well-watered (WW), maintained at field capacity, and water stress (WS), for which irrigation was stopped before male flowering. The traits GY (55%) and PE (28%) were most affected by water restriction. Among the morpho-agronomic traits, GW and PR were markedly reduced (>10%). Under dry conditions, the FA in relation to the plant stalk tended to be wider, the FB curvature greater and leaf senescence accelerated (>15% at 22 days after male flowering). The use of multiple regression for the selection of predictive traits proved to be a useful tool for the identification of groups of adequate traits to efficiently predict the economically most important features of popcorn (GY and PE). The SPAD index measured 17 days after male flowering proved useful to select indirectly for GY, while, among the morphological traits, TL stood out for the same purpose. Of all traits, PR was most strongly related with PE under WS, indicating its use in breeding programs. The exploitation of these traits by indirect selection is expected to induce increments in GY and PE.

Wheat breeding history reveals synergistic selection of pleiotropic genomic sites for plant architecture and grain yield

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aili Li ◽  
Chenyang Hao ◽  
Zhenyu Wang ◽  
Shuaifeng Geng ◽  
Meiling Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Breeding History ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Diallelic analysis for lysine and oil contents in maize grains

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Oliveira Medici ◽  
Salete Aparecida Gaziola ◽  
Vanderlei Aparecido Varisi ◽  
José Antonio Carmezini de Paula ◽  
Renato Rodrigues Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
N Level ◽  
Complete Series ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

Six S5 lines of maize, with differences for lysine and oil contents in grains, were used to carry out a complete series of diallelic crosses. The resulting 15 hybrids were grown in a field at two nitrogen levels (10 and 130 kg N ha-1). The general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were obtained by using the method 4, model I of Griffing for grain yield, and grain lysine and oil contents. Significant (p < 0.001) interaction was observed between GCA and N levels for grain yield, indicating the selection of different lines for each N level. This interaction was not significant for lysine content, but there were significant effects of GCA for this trait at both N levels (p < 0.1). Significant effects were not observed for GCA or SCA for oil content, however a positive correlation was observed between lysine and oil contents in the hybrids, in the lines and even in the control cultivars. The results indicate the effectiveness of selection for lysine content, irrespective of N level, in the studied non-opaque maize lines, and the possibility of achieving both high lysine and oil content in grains.

scholarly journals Studies on Nutrigenetic Traits of Silkworm, Bombyxmori L. for Determining Growth and Development for Identifying Parental Breeds for Breeding under Subtropical Region of North West India

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
S. Murali ◽  
Sardar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Subtropical Region ◽  
North West ◽  
Autumn Season ◽  
Subtropical Condition ◽  
Consumption Index ◽  
Efficiency Conversion ◽  
Essential Prerequisite ◽  
Selection Of

Study was conducted during spring and autumn season (2018 & 2019) to screen and identify rich nutrigenetic breeds from the selected breed’s for their nutrigenetic traits in silkworm, BombyxmoriL.(Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) is an essential prerequisite for better understanding and development of nutritionally efficient breeds under Subtropical condition of Jammu based on the breeds which shows less food consumption with higher efficiency conversion based on leaf to cocoon and leaf to shell ratio. Highly significant variations were found among all nutrigenetic traits of bivoltine silkworm breeds in the study. The nutritionally efficient silkworm breeds were shortlisted by utilizing nutrition consumption index and efficiency for conversion of ingesta/cocoon traits as the index for selection of highly promising breeds. Furthermore, based on the average of data from both the seasons, the overall rearing nutrigenetic traits utilized as index, eight bivoltine silkworm breeds (B.con 1, B.con 4, BHR 2, ATR 16, BHR 3, CSR 50, RSJ 14 and NB4D2) were identified as havingthe potential for nutrition efficiency conversion and can be utilized for further breeding programme. The data from the present study advances our knowledge for the development of nutritionally efficient silkworm breeds/hybrids and their effective commercial utilization in the sericulture industry.

scholarly journals Performance of F2 Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Segregants Derived from a Cross the BPT-5204 / IR-64Drt1

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-47
Author(s):  
Anjani Kumar ◽  
D. N. Singh ◽  
Krishna Prasad ◽  
Avinash Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Condition ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Drought Condition ◽  
Normal Field ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

The present investigation was carried out with F2 plants from a cross between two parents i.e., BPT-5204 and IR-64Drt1. The selection of parents for crosses was made based on genotypes that were tolerant and susceptible to drought condition. BPT-5204 was drought susceptible and IR-64Drt1 was also tolerant to drought. In this experiment adequate amount of variability was detected for grain yield per plant and its components among 324 segregants evaluated under augmented randomized block design II in normal field condition. The analysis of variance for grain yield and its attributing characters among blocks, treatments, entries, checks and checks vs entries revealed presence of significant variation in the segregants studied. However, with respect to checks, non-significant differences were recorded for only L/B ratio. The results indicated that among 324 rice genotypes including checks, only 9 rice genotypes expressed higher yield compared to seven checks varieties under normal field condition. The segregants S-51, S-122, S-135, S-195, S-199, S-210, S-219, S-222, S-251 were top ranking genotypes with respect to all checks.

scholarly journals Evaluation of sunflower cultivars for central Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willyam Stern Porto ◽  
Claudio Guilherme Portela de Carvalho ◽  
Ronald José Barth Pinto ◽  
Marcelo Fernandes de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Cláudia Barneche de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Selection Of

Despite a large availability of areas suitable for sunflower cropping in Central Brazil, few adapted cultivars are available in the market. The objective of this work was to select sunflower cultivars adapted to this important production region. Experimental data from 2000 to 2004 were obtained by the National Sunflower Trials, coordinated by Embrapa Soja. The evaluated traits were grain and oil yields. Two criteria were used for selection of cultivars: i) the general mean obtained from different environments; ii) partitioning of general mean in favorable and unfavorable environments. Partitioning of the general mean allowed to detect the specific environment indicated for each cultivar. For grain yield, the cultivar Helio 251 presented general indication, Milênio and CF 17 could be indicated for favorable environments and ACA 884, ACA 885 and ACA 872 for the unfavorable ones. For oil yield, CF 13, Milênio, DK 4030, Helio 250 and ACA 872 had general indication; AG 966, GH 12, GV 26043, CF 17 and VDH 93 could be indicated for favorable environments, while VDH 488, Helio 251, ACA 884 and ACA 885 for the unfavorable conditions. In 2002, the partition of the general mean was not carried out. In this year, general mean of cultivars Exp 37, AG 962, GV 26048 and AG 967 were overweight the controls for grain yield and the cultivars AG 962, AG 967, GV 26048, AG 972, BRS 191, Guarani were overweight the controls for oil yield.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity and Polyphenolic Profile of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Green Husks and Liqueurs

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Dijana Kulačanin ◽  
Sandra Bijelić ◽  
Jovana Šućur ◽  
Borivoje Bogdanović ◽  
Sezai Ercisli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Polyphenolic Content ◽  
Polyphenolic Profile ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Time Point

SummaryThe beneficial effects of walnuts and walnut products on human health, due primarily to their rich polyphenolic content, have been appreciated as an empirical fact for centuries. The purpose of this study is to determine the polyphenolic contents of liqueurs made from the walnut selections ‘Rasna’ and ‘Sava’ and the walnut cultivar ‘Šampion’ (all harvested at three different times), as well as the polyphenolic contents of their green husks. The walnut liqueurs were prepared according to two traditional recipes using young walnut fruits. The highest antioxidant capacity was recorded in the liqueur made from the ‘Rasna’ walnut selection (89.94%), whereas the highest contents of phenols (83.28 mg GAE/g FW), flavonoids (0.83 mg QE/g FW) and proanthocyanidins were found in the liqueur made from the ‘Šampion’ cultivar (14.75 mg CE/g FW). The youngest ‘Rasna’ walnuts, harvested at the first experimental time point, exhibited the highest phenolic and tannin contents, whereas the highest flavonoid content was observed in the ‘Šampion’ cultivar. The biochemical results obtained indicate a decrease in the polyphenolic content of walnut fruits with their growth and development. Moreover, the polyphenolic profiles of the walnut liqueurs considered were found to be greatly affected by the method of preparation and the cultivar/selection of walnuts.

scholarly journals Selection of best lines and hybrids on the basis of genetic variability analysis in Maize (Zea mays L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Ankit Kumar ◽  
Amit Tomar
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Variability Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

The results revealed that parents namely, TSK-10, TSK-27, New Blue-II, Kurara and TSK-109 were found highly genetic diverse for days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, days to 755 dry husk. The parents namely, TSK-109, Kurara, New Blue-II and TSK-10 were found highly genetic diverse for plant height (cm), cob height, number of cobs per plant and number of grains per cob. The parents namely, Kurara, TSK-109, TSK-10, New Blue-II and TSK-27 were found highly genetic diverse for shelling percentage, grain yield per plant, grain yield per cob and 100-grain weight.

scholarly journals Workshop Pangan Jajanan Anak Sekolah (PJAS) dan Inovasi Sarapan Sehat untuk Anak Usia Sekolah

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Siti Rahmatul Aini ◽  
Iman Surya Pratama ◽  
Agus Dwi Ananto ◽  
Luh Putu Gina Sri Budiani
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
School Children ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nutritional Intake ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Expert Review ◽  
Nutrition Programs ◽  
Children's Nutrition ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract: Nutritious and safe intake is a prerequisite for the growth and development of school-age children. Poor breakfast habits and snacks for school children that do not meet the requirements contribute significantly to the nutritional problems of school-age children. This is one of the priority health problems. Low achievement in the implementation of school children's nutrition programs has led to healthy breakfast and snack innovations workshops at one of the elementary schools in Sekarbela sub-district, Mataram city. The workshop participants included 50 people consisting of school-age children, parents, teachers, and canteen vendors. The workshop was guided by a nutritionist, and he explained the selection of nutritional intake, both through breakfast and snack. Also, participants were trained to practice a variety of healthy breakfast innovation menus. After the workshop, participants were able to practice and be actively involved in making a healthy breakfast innovation menu. The response of participants to the menu is quite good. After mentoring by a nutritionist, parents and teachers can solve the problems encountered. Cafeteria vendors get input regarding snacks supply after expert review. This workshop has been going well and has produced the results as targeted.Keywords: PJAS, healthy breakfast, workshop, school-age children.

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