scholarly journals Testing and Validating Instruments for Feedstocks of Mineral Carbonation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Mineral Carbonation ◽  
Good Match ◽  
Carbonation Reaction ◽  
Calibration Curves ◽  
Measuring Techniques ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Heat Activation

Different feedstocks Dunite, Olivine and Lizardite are examined in this research using various measuring techniques such as TGA-MS, XRD and Quantitative XRD and EDS. Quantitative XRD results matched with TGA-MS results. Malvern Mastersizer, EDS and QXRD results also showed a good match regarding the individuality of results which are shown graphically. TGA-MS calibration curves example is provided. Matching the results of different measuring techniques is a key to fundamental research. Comparison of the reactivity of dunite, soaked dunite, heat-activated dunite and lizardite and raw dunite soaked has been performed. TGA-MS and QXRD results match each other. Malvern Mastersizer, EDS and QXRD results match with their individual results indicating the instrument’s reliability. Semi-Quantitative XRD results authenticity is EXCELLENT. TGA-MS results match with QXRD is excellent. Mineral carbonation converts CO2 into stable mineral carbonates. This research explores the utilisation of serpentinised dunite (which is comprised of 61% lizardite) as a potential feedstock for mineral carbonation. Heat activation, ex-situ regrinding and concurrent grinding techniques were employed to enhance the reaction rate and yield, and to provide information on the carbonation reaction mechanism. Silica-rich layers that appeared during reference experiments were disrupted using concurrent grinding and significantly higher magnesite yields and Mg extractions were obtained.

Real-time investigation of the CO2 mineral carbonation reaction rate through direct aqueous route using semi-dry desulfurization slag

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 101614
Author(s):  
Yi Du ◽  
Changqing Fu ◽  
Bengen Gong ◽  
Endong Miao ◽  
Xufan Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Mineral Carbonation ◽  
Carbonation Reaction

scholarly journals Three-component reaction involving isoquinoline and dimethyl acethylenedicarboxylate in the presence of indole: Theoretical and experimental investigations of the reaction mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 146867832095686
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zakarianezhad ◽  
Sayyed Mostafa Habibi-Khorassani ◽  
Batoul Makiabadi ◽  
Elham Zeydabadi
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Potential Energy Surfaces ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Product Configuration ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Uv Spectrophotometry ◽  
Three Component Reaction ◽  
Energy Surfaces ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Reaction Rate Equation

The reaction kinetics among isoquinoline, dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, and indole (as NH-acid) were investigated using ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry. The reaction rate equation was obtained, the dependence of the reaction rate on different reactants was determined, and the overall rate constant ( kov) was calculated. By studying the effects of solvent, temperature, and concentration on the reaction rate, some useful information was obtained. A logical mechanism consistent with the experimental observations was proposed. Also, comprehensive theoretical studies were performed to evaluate the potential energy surfaces of all structures that participated in the reaction mechanism. Finally, the proposed mechanism was confirmed by the obtained results and the probable and logical reaction paths and also a correct product configuration were suggested based on the theoretical results.

scholarly journals Mineral carbonation process of carbon dioxide using animal bone

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 003685042110196
Author(s):  
Brendon Mpofu ◽  
Hembe E Mukaya ◽  
Diakanua B Nkazi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Mineral Carbonation ◽  
Agitation Rate ◽  
Carbonation Reaction ◽  
Carbonation Process ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cow Bone

Carbon dioxide has been identified as one of the greenhouse gases responsible for global warming. Several carbon capture and storage technologies have been developed to mitigate the large quantities of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere, but these are quite expensive and not easy to implement. Thus, this research analyses the technical and economic feasibility of using calcium leached from cow bone to capture and store carbon dioxide through the mineral carbonation process. The capturing process of carbon dioxide was successful using the proposed technique of leaching calcium from cow shinbone (the tibia) in the presence of HCl by reacting the calcium solution with gaseous carbon dioxide. AAS and XRF analysis were used to determine the concentration of calcium in leached solutions and the composition of calcium in cow bone respectively. The best leaching conditions were found to be 4 mole/L HCl and leaching time of 6 h. Under these conditions, a leaching efficiency of 91% and a calcium conversion of 83% in the carbonation reaction were obtained. Other factors such as carbonation time, agitation rate, and carbonation reaction temperature had little effect on the yield. A preliminary cost analysis showed that the cost to capture 1 ton of CO2 with the proposed technique is about US$ 268.32, which is in the acceptable range of the capturing process. However, the cost of material used and electricity should be reviewed to reduce the preliminary production cost.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR KIMIA RINTISAN SMA BERTARAF INTERNASIONAL KELAS XI MATERI LAJU REAKSI

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inova Putri Carera ◽  
I Wayan Dasna
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Reaction Order ◽  
Average Score ◽  
School Students ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rate Law

This study was aimed to develop teaching materials about chemical reaction rate which covered materials adapted to A-Level High School students of grade XI in Pioneer International Standard High School (RSMA-BI). The developmental research was adopting the instructional development model 4D which include four stages of development, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate. Instructional materials were written in English consist of seven topics titled: Reaction Rate Concept, The Exchange's Expressions, Rate Law and Reaction Order, Experimental Determination of a Rate Law, Reaction Mechanism, Theories of Reaction Rate, Factors Affecting Reaction Rate. Results of content validation from content experts obtained the average score of 3. 56 of 14 range of scores which means valid / good / decent. Test limited to high school students of RSBI obtained an average score of 3.35 (valid / good / decent). The results of the use of teaching materials obtained a score of 77.8 which is above the minimal passing grade (75). Therefore it can be concluded that the materials were feasible to be used in the classroom.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar laju reaksi dengan cakupan materi yang disesuaikan dengan A-Level untuk siswa kelas XI Rintisan Sekolah Menengah Atas Bertaraf Internasional (RSMA-BI. Rancangan penelitian pengembangan mengadaptasi model pengembangan bahan ajar Model 4D yang meliputi empat tahap pengembangan, yaitu define, design, develop dan disseminate. Produk pengembangan adalah bahan ajar kimia RSMA-BI kelas XI materi laju reaksi yang ditulis dalam bahasa Inggris menggunakan pendekatan kontekstual. Bahan ajar terdiri atas empat bagian utama yaitu pendahuluan, materi, evaluasi dan penutup. Materi tersusun atas tujuh sub materi yaitu Reaction Rate Concept, The Rates Expressions, Rate Law and Reaction Order, Experimental Determination of a Rate Law, Reaction Mechanism, Theories of Reaction Rate, Factors Affecting Reaction Rate. Hasil validasi isi dari ahli materi diperoleh nilai rata-rata 3,56 dari rentang skor 1-4 dengan kriteria valid/baik/layak. Hasil uji terbatas pada siswa SMA RSBI diperoleh nilai rata-rata 3,35 dari rentang skor 1-4 dengan kriteria valid/baik/layak. Hasil uji penggunaan bahan ajar diperoleh skor sebesar 77,8. Skor ini diatas SKM (Skor Kelulusan Minimal) yaitu 75 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahan ajar telah layak dan dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran di kelas.

Oxidative decarboxylation of isocitric acid in the presence of montmorillonite

Clay Minerals ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Naidja ◽  
B. Siffert
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Oxidative Decarboxylation ◽  
Enzymatic System ◽  
Exchangeable Cation ◽  
Isocitric Acid ◽  
Dehydrogenase Enzyme

AbstractIsocitric acid oxidative decarboxylation was realized in the absence and in the presence of homoionic Na+-, Mn2+-, and Cu2+-montmorillonite. The catalytic activity of the clay depends upon the nature of the interlayer exchangeable cation. Isocitric acid is transformed into α-ketoglutaric acid under the action of the clay mineral saturated with Na+ cations which do not form a complex with the isocitrate anion. Nevertheless, the reaction rate is very much lower than in the presence of the enzymatic system (isocitrate dehydrogenase enzyme and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate coenzyme). The reaction mechanism in the presence of clay is given showing the different steps of the transformation.

Assumed Multivariate Beta-PDF Modeling for Turbulent Nonpremixed Flames

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Noda ◽  
Kunihiko Yamamuro ◽  
Yuzuru Nada ◽  
Masato Fujisaka
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Moment Method ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Present Approach ◽  
Nonpremixed Flames ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Irreversible Reaction

Numerical simulation based on a moment method is conducted to investigate the feasibility of an assumed probability density function (PDF) approach in the configuration of a turbulent jet nonpremixed flame. In this study, a multivariate β-PDF is employed to account for turbulence-chemistry interaction. The multivariate β-PDF approach has an advantage that only one additional transport equation of sum of composition variances is solved to determine the shape of species PDF to transport equations of mean compositions. The numerical simulation is carried out for H3 flame. Reaction mechanism is a single-step irreversible reaction including H2, O2 and H2O species. The results are compared with those from measurements and a combined PDF/moment method that detailed reaction mechanism is applied. Velocity distributions obtained by the multivariate β-PDF approach show good agreement with measurements and combined PDF/moment results, which indicates that the present approach can predict the flow pattern of nonpremixed flames. The present approach also provides good predictions in terms of mean temperature and mass fraction. PDFs of mass fraction obtained by the present approach are similar to those by the combined PDF/moment method. On the other hand, the variance of temperature is underpredicted, which is attributed to an approximation of temperature variance. In order to achieve a good prediction of the reaction rate, a PDF approximation of enthalpy is proposed for the evaluation of mean reaction rate.

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Selenium(IV) by Permanganate Ion in Aqueous Perchlorate Solutions

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 538-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Refat M. Hassan ◽  
Sahr A. El-Gaiar ◽  
Abd El-Hady M. El-Summan
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Selenium Dioxide ◽  
Order Reaction ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
First Order ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Mechanism Of Oxidation ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetics of permanganate oxidation of selenium dioxide in perchloric acid solutions at a constant ionic strength of 2.0 mol dm-3 has been investigated spectrophotometrically. A first-order reaction in [MnO4-] and fractional order with respect to selenium(IV) were observed. The reaction rate was found to be pH-independent at lower acid concentrations ([H+] < 0.5 mol dm-3) and was acid-catalyzed beyond this range. Addition of Mn2+ and F- ions leads to the prediction that MnO4- is the sole reactive species in the oxidation process. A tentative reaction mechanism consistent with the reaction kinetics has been proposed.

scholarly journals Recent developments and perspectives on the treatment of industrial wastes by mineral carbonation — a review

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Bodor ◽  
Rafael Santos ◽  
Tom Gerven ◽  
Maria Vlad
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Mineral Carbonation ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Carbonation Reaction

AbstractBesides producing a substantial portion of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, the industrial sector also generates significant quantities of solid residues. Mineral carbonation of alkaline wastes enables the combination of these two by-products, increasing the sustainability of industrial activities. On top of sequestering CO2 in geochemically stable form, mineral carbonation of waste materials also brings benefits such as stabilization of leaching, basicity and structural integrity, enabling further valorization of the residues, either via reduced waste treatment or landfilling costs, or via the production of marketable products. This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art of this technology and the latest developments in this field. Focus is given to the beneficial effects of mineral carbonation when applied to metallurgical slags, incineration ashes, mining tailings, asbestos containing materials, red mud, and oil shale processing residues. Efforts to intensify the carbonation reaction rate and improve the mineral conversion via process intensification routes, such as the application of ultrasound, hot-stage processing and integrated reactor technologies, are described. Valorization opportunities closest to making the transition from laboratory research to commercial reality, particularly in the form of shaped construction materials and precipitated calcium carbonate, are highlighted. Lastly, the context of mineral carbonation among the range of CCS options is discussed.

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