Congenital Anomalies of the Gastrointestinal Tract

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richa Verma
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Care ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Fetal Blood ◽  
Specific System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Feeding Difficulty ◽  
Vascular Accidents

The gastrointestinal system anomalies in the newborn infants are not uncommon and are due to either embryogenesis defects or intrauterine vascular accidents resulting in a compromise of fetal blood circulation to specific system organs. The symptoms generally present within first 1–2 days of life and are mostly referable to intestinal obstruction, manifesting as vomiting, feeding difficulty and distension of abdomen. Other defects may have distinct signs and symptoms and variable time of onset. Some defects may be diagnosed antenatally during prenatal maternal care. The investigations include radiography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound and in a majority of cases clinical presentation and plain radiography may provide adequate diagnostic information. The outcomes of surgical repair are variable and depend upon the original pathological defect. Here, the common anomalies are described with their clinical presentation, surgical repair techniques and outcomes.

An Overview of Dementias

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Venkata Vijaya K. Dalai ◽  
Jason E. Childress ◽  
Paul E Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Common ◽  
Neurodegenerative Dementias ◽  
Made In

Dementia is a major public health concern that afflicts an estimated 24.3 million people worldwide. Great strides are being made in order to better diagnose, prevent, and treat these disorders. Dementia is associated with multiple complications, some of which can be life-threatening, such as dysphagia. There is great variability between dementias in terms of when dysphagia and other swallowing disorders occur. In order to prepare the reader for the other articles in this publication discussing swallowing issues in depth, the authors of this article will provide a brief overview of the prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, current treatment options, and implications for eating for the common forms of neurodegenerative dementias.

Primary Hypothyroidism in Adults Based on Jorjani's View Point of the Book “Zakhire Kharazmshahi”

2019 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haleh Tajadini ◽  
Naser Ebrahimpour ◽  
Mahdieyh Khazaneha
Keyword(s):  
Eating Habits ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
View Point ◽  
Drug Usage ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Persian Medicine ◽  
The Common ◽  
Symptoms And Signs ◽  
Stomach Emptying

: The prevalence of primary hypothyroidism is increasing in adults (PHTA), and the reduction in the threshold for treatment and also the requirement to increase drug usage are major problems in approaching this disorder. Persian Medicine (PM) looks from a different view on etiology of diseases. Therefore, we tried to present the etiologies of PHTA according to an important book of PM i.e. “Zakhire Kharazmshahi”. Method: At first, the common symptoms and signs of PHTA were identified by investigating the Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane databases and their Persian equivalents were extracted from PM sources. These synonyms were searched as keywords in the book and the primary causes that were mentioned in association with the signs and symptoms were extracted. Then, we explained the total etiologies that were discussed for the occurrence of the causes, with respect to the principles of health care in PM. Results: "Cold distemperament", an increase in "Phlegmatic Humor ", an increase in "Melancholic Humor" and "Emtela" (repletion) were recognized as four main causes of PHTA. According to the book, the most important etiologies of these conditions are insufficient exercise, overeating, food intake before total stomach emptying and excessive amounts of cold temperament substances (foods, herbs, seeds, spices, etc.) in daily diet. Conclusion: From the viewpoint of PM, lifestyle spatially eating habits and physical activity play important causative roles in occurring and prognosis of PHTA. Hence, it is recommended to assess these results by more observations and clinical studies.

Persistence of Fetal Cardiopulmonary Circulation: One Manifestation of Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-197
Author(s):  
Richard L. Bucciarelli ◽  
Edmund A. Egan ◽  
Ira H. Gessner ◽  
Donald V. Eitzman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Transpulmonary Pressure ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Respiratory Condition ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Rare Manifestation ◽  
Tentative Diagnosis ◽  
Pathophysiologic Mechanisms

Five cyanotic newborn infants underwent cardiac catheterization between 8 and 36 hours of age with a tentative diagnosis of cyanotic congenital heart disease. All had normal cardiovascular anatomy. Cyanosis was the result of persistence of fetal cardiopulmonary circulation with right-to-left shunting across the ductus arteriosus. In all infants, cyanosis resolved spontaneously and the infants survived without sequelae. Admission chest roentgenograms of all infants showed marked hyperinflation of the lungs. Except for severe hypoxemia, the clinical presentation, chest films, and course of illness of these infants were consistent with transient tachypnea of the newborn. It is proposed that an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, due to hyperinflation of the lungs, was the mechanism which reopened the fetal cardiopulmonary circulatory channels and produced hypoxemia, and that these infants suffered from a rare manifestation of a usually benign newborn respiratory condition. Further, given these pathophysiologic mechanisms, the use of continuous transpulmonary pressure gradients in the management of such infants would be contraindicated.

Prionopathies and Prionlike Protein Aberrations in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Neurographics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-148
Author(s):  
K.N. Anderson ◽  
W.B. Overcast ◽  
J.R. Brosch ◽  
B.D. Graner ◽  
M.C. Veronesi
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Protein Misfolding ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Prion Diseases ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Amyloid Pet ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Jakob Disease ◽  
The Common ◽  
Neuro Imaging

Protein misfolding has been an area of intense research and is implicated in a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Key proteins in the brain lose their native ability to fold and instead assume abnormal conformations. Misfolded proteins cluster to form pathologic aggregates, which cause cellular dysfunction, neuronal death, and neurodegeneration. The prionopathies are best known among the neurodegenerative diseases for their ability to misfold, self-propagate, and infect other organisms. There is increasing evidence of a rationale for a prionlike mechanism of spread of other neurodegenerative diseases through a similar seeding mechanism. In this review, we detail the role of a key protein aberration known to the various prion diseases, including sporadic, variant, and iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; variably protease-sensitive prionopathy; Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease; fatal familial insomnia; and kuru. We also discuss the clinical presentation, the available, and emerging imaging options for these diseases. In the second part of this review, we delineate how a prionlike seeding process may be driving the progression of other neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, and Huntington disease. A discussion of clinical presentation and imaging features of these example diseases follows to make a case for a common approach to developing imaging biomarkers and therapies of these diseases.Learning Objective: Upon completion of this article, one should be able to describe the various types of prion diseases, recognize and identify the common the neuro-imaging findings in prion diseases, describe seeding mechanism of prion disease, list the common amyloid PET tracers used for Alzheimer’s disease, and list common imaging biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Cervical spine dysfunction signs and symptoms in individuals with temporomandibular disorder

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Weber ◽  
Eliane Castilhos Rodrigues Corrêa ◽  
Fabiana dos Santos Ferreira ◽  
Juliana Corrêa Soares ◽  
Geovana de Paula Bolzan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorder ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cervical Pain ◽  
Pain Symptom ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cervical Spine Dysfunction ◽  
Posture Assessment ◽  
Craniocervical Dysfunction

PURPOSE: To study the frequency of cervical spine dysfunction (CCD) signs and symptoms in subjects with and without temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and to assess the craniocervical posture influence on TMD and CCD coexistence. METHODS: Participants were 71 women (19 to 35 years), assessed about TMD presence; 34 constituted the TMD group (G1) and 37 comprised the group without TMD (G2). The CCD was evaluated through the Craniocervical Dysfunction Index and the Cervical Mobility Index. Subjects were also questioned about cervical pain. Craniocervical posture was assessed by cephalometric analysis. RESULTS: There was no difference in the craniocervical posture between groups. G2 presented more mild CCD frequency and less moderate and severe CCD frequency (p=0.01). G1 presented higher percentage of pain during movements (p=0.03) and pain during cervical muscles palpation (p=0.01) compared to G2. Most of the TMD patients (88.24%) related cervical pain with significant difference when compared to G2 (p=0.00). CONCLUSION: Craniocervical posture assessment showed no difference between groups, suggesting that postural alterations could be more related to the CCD. Presence of TMD resulted in higher frequency of cervical pain symptom. Thus the coexistence of CCD and TMD signs and symptoms appear to be more related to the common innervations of the trigeminocervical complex and hyperalgesia of the TMD patients than to craniocervical posture deviations.

scholarly journals Endovascular Revascularization of a Symptomatic Common Carotid Artery Occlusion

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Kromm ◽  
Tim E. Darsaut ◽  
Khurshid Khan ◽  
Robert Ashforth ◽  
Esseddeeg Ghrooda
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Carotid Artery Occlusion ◽  
Common Site ◽  
Extracranial Carotid Artery ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Carotid Artery Occlusion ◽  
Diagnostic Investigations

AbstractAlthough the common carotid artery is the second most common site for extracranial carotid artery stenosis, complete symptomatic occlusion in the absence of devastating stroke is rare. We present a case of complete common carotid artery occlusion failing medical management and requiring endovascular intervention. The clinical presentation, diagnostic investigations, and management of complete carotid artery occlusions are discussed.

Laryngeal Clefts

1979 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 837-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A. Lim ◽  
Suzanne S. Spanier ◽  
Robert I. Kohut
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Serial Sectioning ◽  
Posterior Cricoarytenoid ◽  
Histopathologic Findings

The histopathologic findings in a case of laryngeal cleft studied by serial sectioning, and a literature review of this clinical entity are presented. The primary micropathologic findings include a cleft deformity of the posterior cricoid lamina, and alterations in muscle differentiation involving the interarytenoid and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles. Possible embryogenic mechanisms are discussed. The clinical picture is characterized by signs and symptoms of aspiration with airway obstruction, and definitive diagnosis is achieved by endoscopic examination. Treatment consists of surgical repair, although some patients with type 1 laryngeal clefts may be managed on a conservative trial. The need for uniform classification of laryngeal clefts in future reporting is emphasized.

scholarly journals Emerging pandemic COVID-19: myths and facts

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Rohit Vadala ◽  
Isabella Princess
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Nucleocapsid Proteins ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Relationship Of

<p>The first theory which has established itself across the world is that COVID-19 is a “new virus”. It is rather wise to call it a “new strain” of a pre-existing coronavirus since history clearly denotes cases of coronavirus surfacing the world in past years beginning as early as mid-1960s.Including this novel strain of the virus, seven strains of coronaviruses have been commonly associated with human infections. Coronaviruses are primarily respiratory viruses causing infections ranging from mild to severe involvement of the respiratory tract. The common cold strains of coronavirus are 229E alpha coronavirus, NL63 alpha coronavirus, OC43 beta coronavirus and HKU1 beta coronavirus.The acute respiratory distress causing strains are severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) beta CoV causing SARS, MERS beta CoV causing Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and the very novel COVID-19. Researchers and molecular biologists have confirmed phylogenetic relationship of COVID-19 with a 2015 Chinese bat strain of SARS CoV.<sup> </sup>Mutations to the surface protein as well as nucleocapsid proteins were demonstrated. These two mutations predicts the characteristics such as higher ability to infect as well as enhanced pathogenicity of COVID-19 as compared to older SARS strain. For this reason and with similarities in clinical presentation the novel strain has been named as SARS-CoV-2.</p>

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