scholarly journals Toxic Effluent Treatment by Membrane Based Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis for Sustainable Management and Conservation of Ground Water in Industrial Clusters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biman Gati Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Health Organization

The present study attempts to assess the nature of effluents generated from textile bleaching and dyeing units located at Kalikapur area under Maheshtala region, West Bengal, India and to provide a sustainable management of ground water resources through installing CETPs with zero liquid discharge system. Effluent from medium, small and tiny units of this region is estimated at 2000 MLD. Studies with 40 units for 4 years (2012—2016) located in this area exhibited following mean values of different physic-chemical variables: pH (9), Biological Oxygen Demand (610 Mg/L), Chemical Oxygen Demand (1827 Mg/L), Total Dissolved Solids (6411 Mg/L), Total Suspend Solids (927 Mg/L) and toxic metals such as lead Pb (0.43 Mg/L), Chromium (0.031 Mg/L), Zinc (0.74 Mg/L), Nickel (0.07 Mg/L) and Cadmium (0.03 Mg/L). These finding of results surpass the standard allowable limits qualify by FAO (1985) and World Health Organization (2003). The waste water loaded with toxic trace metals is adversely affecting the environmental pollution and anthropomorphic eudemonia and also pollute the quality of both surface and ground water and consequently degraded agricultural and plant yield, vegetable and fruits and causes impairment to aquatic lives. Four to five Common Effluent Treatment Plants are urgently required to install at different areas of the Maheshtala cluster with a capacity of 500 MLD each, so that one in Kalikapur area, to manage sizeable volume of waste water (2000 MLD) and sustainable management of ground water resources in a thickly populated urban area near Calcutta, a principal city of India.

Some Physicochemical Parameters of Wastewater from an Oil Industry at Point of Discharge in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
O. A. F Wokoma ◽  
◽  
O. S Edori ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
World Health ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Water Association ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Rivers State

Wastewater samples were collected from an oil industry at the point of discharge for a period of two years, from January 2018 – December 2019. The wastewater samples were analyzed for different physicochemical parameters such as temperature, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), conductivity, pH, alkalinity, salinity, total hydrocarbon content (THC), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) to examine their conformity to fulfill requirements as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO), Federal Ministry of Environment (FME) and Drinking Water Association (DWA). The results indicated that all the parameters in the discharged wastewater were within acceptable limits of the regulatory bodies. The field data showed that the investigated firm conformed to the law by carrying out proper procedures before discharging the effluents into the public drain and river. Therefore, the release of wastewater from the industry doesn't constitute a danger to the environment as well as aquatic organisms. Keywords: Physicochemical parameter, wastewater discharge, oil industry, environment, contaminants

scholarly journals Water Quality of the Trstionica River (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 371-376
Author(s):  
Šuhreta Delibašić ◽  
Jasna Huremović ◽  
Sabina Žero ◽  
Sabina Gojak-Salimović
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health Organization

The present study was conducted to investigate the water quality of the Trstionica River, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The physicochemical properties (temperature, pH, conductivity, total solids after evaporation at 105 °C), content of metals (calcium (Ca), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), sodium (Na), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn)), and anions (chloride (Cl–), and phosphate (PO43–)) were determined in water samples collected at seven locations during two sampling periods: unstable weather conditions (precipitation), and stable weather conditions (without precipitation). There was a significant difference in the content of individual parameters in the river water depending on the sampling time. For determination of metals concentrations, which were below the limit of detection, a preconcentration method using an ion-exchange resin was applied. The metals concentrations during the rainy day were in the order Ca > Mg > Na > Fe > Cu > Zn > Pb > Mn with mean values of 343, 6.03, 1.94, 0.18, 0.20, 0.03, 0.02, 0.01 mg dm–3, respectively, and during stable weather conditions: Ca > Mg > Na > Cu > Fe > Mn > Zn with mean values of 288, 7.62, 2.38, 0.11, 0.10, 0.01, 0.01 mg dm–3, respectively. Cd, Cr, and Ni concentrations were below limit of detection in both cases. Obtained values were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) regulations. The results showed that the Trstionica River in the investigated part of the stream meets most of the parameters required by the regulations. The correlation between analysed parameters was assessed, as well. Based on the calculated water quality index values, the water of Trstionica River falls into the category of excellent water.

scholarly journals Estimation of Groundwater Quality in and Around Dumpsites of Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 229-233
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ground Water Quality ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Aggregate Index ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Land Filling

Land filling of urban solid desecrate is a universal dissipate care and one of the economical technique for organizing waste in several parts of the globe. Landfill poses serious threats to the worth of the surroundings if imperfectly safe and indecently managed. The stages of different physicochemical parameters are investigated including Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), alkalinity, pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), and hardness. The mixture of physical, chemical and microbial practice in the waste shifts the contaminant from the misuse matter to the percolating water. The study asses ground water quality of samples near the dumping area and characterized. The effects are evaluated with the world health organization (WHO) and Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) index. Also attempt will be made by the aggregate index method to assess the excellence of ground water in Chidambaram and Cuddalore SIPCOT dumpsites.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Analysis of Surface and Ground Water in Ugbomro and Iteregbi, Delta State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-517
Author(s):  
O.B. Ovonramwen
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Environmental Status ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

Physicochemical analyses of surface and groundwater samples from eleven different locations in Ugbomro and Iteregbi, Delta State, Nigeria were sampled and analyzed for physicochemical parameters according to standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. The following  mean and standard deviation were obtained from the groundwater of the communities: temp (oC) 22.46 ± 0.50 and 23.23 ± 0.99, pH 6.63 ± 0.68 and6.69 ± 0.24, dissolved oxygen (DO) (mg/L) 5.91 ± 0.46 and 5.73 ± 0.46, chemical oxygen demand (COD) (mg/L) 4.24 ± 0.01 and 4.43 ± 0.10, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (mg/L) 3.51 ± 0.38 and 3.84 ± 0.21, Turbidity (NTU) 1.22 ± 1.07 and 3.56 ± 0.77, electrical conductivity (EC) (μs/cm) 748.9 ± 215.79 and 786.67 ± 226.77, color (TCU) 1.22 ± 2.12 and 6.11 ± 2.11, total alkalinity (TA) (mg/L) 6.22 ± 7.38 and 14.11 ± 11.19, HCO3- (mg/L) 6.22 ± 7.38 and 14.11 ± 11.19, NO3 - (mg/L) 1.13 ± 0.62 and 2.89 ± 1.25, total solids (TS) (mg/L) 489.09 ± 180.17 and 664.95 ± 373.37, total suspended solids (TSS) (mg/L) 32.25 ± 24.29 and 123.86 ± 82.79, total dissolved solids (TDS) (mg/L) 456.78 ± 163.73 and 542.20 ± 450.66, Cl- (mg/L) 21.20 ± 3.20 and 20.10 ± 3.89, total hardness (TH) (mg/L) 26.67 ± 22.83 and 46.78 ± 36.17, Na (mg/L) 1.26 ± 0.06 and 1.16 ± 0.04, K (mg/L) 0.04 ± 0.01 and 0.06 ± 0.03, Mg (mg/L) 4.32 ± 3.23 and 6.96 ± 5.49, Ca (mg/L) 8.68 ± 9.35 and 18.12 ± 13.71 respectively. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis and compared with the standard set by the Standards Organization of Nigeria (SON) and the World Health Organization (WHO) for water samples. Some of the parameters did not meet the standards, hence the need for treatment. The present physio-chemical analyses of surface and groundwater quality of the two neighboring university areas, Ugbomro and Iteregbi, were done to assess the environmental status of  the environment before socio-economic impacts. Keywords: physicochemical, surface water, groundwater, water quality

scholarly journals Microbiological and Physicochemical Characterization of Hospital Effluents before and after Treatment with Two Types of Sawdust

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabea Elmountassir ◽  
Bahia Bennani ◽  
Youssef Miyah ◽  
Ahlam Fegousse ◽  
Ghita El Mouhri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hospital Effluents ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Filter Bed ◽  
Microbiological Analyses

Physicochemical and microbiological analyses of liquid hospital effluents have demonstrated that they are loaded with organic and inorganic pollutants then discharged into the sewerage networks without treatment. The aim of this study is to suggest an effective solution for their treatment. Column filtration is an adequate method to reduce the pollutant load which makes it possible to have a rate of abatement of 97% and 79% by filtering the pollutant material using sawdust of catia and red sawdust, respectively, with a filter bed height equal to 13 cm. Physicochemical parameters such as chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, nitrate, ammonia, phosphorus, electrical conductivity and the bacteriological parameters like fecal coliforms, Streptococci, and Staphylococci have been measured. The analysis of heavy metals displays compliance with the World Health Organization standards. The red sawdust and catia sawdust have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.

scholarly journals IMPACTS OF DUMPSITE ON SOIL AND GROUNDWATER QUALITY: A CASE STUDY OF ERINFUN COMMUNITY, ADO EKITI, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
F., F. Akinola ◽  
M., O. Lasisi ◽  
B., S. Awe
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization

Groundwater pollution has increased as a result of poor waste disposal practices in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of physicochemical parameters and heavy metal concentrations in order to investigate the impact of dumpsites on groundwater and soil quality in Erinfun community. Four (4) water samples were collected hand dug well and four (4) soil samples designated Ss1 to Ss4 were collected at distances of 10, 20, 30 and 40 m, respectively, away from the waste dumpsite. Physicochemical parameters and traces such as odour, colour, taste and temperature, as well as Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Dissolve Oxygen, Total Dissolve Solid, pH, and chloride were measured in collected water samples. Collected soil samples were also analyzed for heavy metals such as Magnesium, Zinc, Iron, Chromium, and Lead. All the physical parameters of the water samples analysed were found not to be within the acceptable limit of World Health Organization and Nigerian Standard of Drinking Water Quality standards. The chemical constituents tested were within the acceptable limit of World Health Organization and Nigerian Standard of Drinking Water Quality except for the Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand and Dissolve Oxygen of water samples 1 and 2, respectively. The concentration of trace metals in water sample test were within health limit except for Magnesium and Iron which has the highest concentrations in water sample 1 at 10 m away from dumpsite (61.00 mg/l and 0.46 mg/l). Consequently, open dumpsites are discouraged, and constructed standard landfills with appropriate monitoring guidelines are recommended.

scholarly journals New Growth Curves for Spanish Children (0–10 Years) in the Region of Extremadura

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 8953
Author(s):  
Luis Pardo-Galán ◽  
Raquel Pastor-Cisneros ◽  
Daniel Collado-Mateo ◽  
José Adsuar ◽  
Miguel García-Gordillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curves ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization

The anthropometric reference data used to examine the growth pattern of children in Spain are obtained from studies carried out several years ago. In the region of Extremadura, the tables obtained by the Faustino Obergozo Foundation, which date back to 2004, are used. The first objective of this work is to develop growth tables and graphs that accurately reflect the somatometric variables of children in Extremadura. Secondly, the averages of these variables by sex will be compared to determine if there are significant differences between them. A database provided by the General Directorate of Planning, Training, and Health and Social Quality of the Regional Government of Extremadura was used, which contains the measurements of height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) of boys and girls in Extremadura between the years 2006–2016. The database was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 and the R software version 3.5.1, considering a cross-sectional study. As a result, the tables and growth graphs of Extremadura’s population base for weight and height are presented, from birth to 10 years, as well as comparisons of the average values of the analyzed variables between boys and girls. We found that there are significant differences in the mean values, according to sex, of the height and weight. On the other hand, BMI progressed normally when comparing the results of the Extremadura population with those reflected by the World Health Organization (WHO). Differences were found when comparing the results with those obtained by the Faustino Orbegozo Foundation.

scholarly journals Suitability of Usuma Dam Water for Domestic Use in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Sani Mustapha Omolori ◽  
Marcus Danjuma ◽  
Magaji Joshua
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Water Properties ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Regulatory Standard ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Domestic Purpose

The quality of water sources should be tested regularly for various parameters of interest to ensure it meet the standard qualities required for intended use(s). Thus, the suitability of Usuma dam water for domestic use in Nigeria’s Federal Capital Territory Abuja was assessed. The objectives were to assess the properties of Usuma dam water and ascertain its suitability for domestic purpose. A total of thirty (30) water samples were fetched directly. Ten (10) samples each from upstream, downstream and middle were collected. Precautions were taken to prevent sample contamination. Data collected were analyzed as follows: The water properties was analyzed using range and mean, suitability of water properties for domestic purpose was  analyzed by comparing range and mean values with Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) and the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for domestic uses. Result showed that water sample were slight acidic (6.83), EC was low (122-180 µs/cm3), TDS (120-144 Mg/l), TSS (1.2-1.7 Mg/l, turbidity (0.29-5.37 Mg/l,) total hardness (7.18-40.46 Mg/l) DO (3.8-4.7 Mg/l), BOD (2.2-4.21 Mg/l), and (25.6-55.4 Mg/l). Minerals nutrients (Ca, Mg, Cl-,Na, K, NO-3 and PO-4. ) in water samples were lower than regulatory standard while heavy metals (Fe, Si, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu, Mn, F and B) were relatively higher than regulatory standard. It was concluded that water from Usuma dam are not safe for domestic purpose especially drinking.

scholarly journals Association between emotional eating and BMI in patients with type 2 diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanna R Balkhiyarova ◽  
Diana S Avzaletdinova ◽  
Tatyana V Morugova ◽  
Leisan F Sharipova ◽  
Margaret Amankwah-Poku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
External Eating ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Behavior Types

Background. Obesity mainly caused by overeating is one of the most important risk factor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of the present study was to investigate eating behavior types of patients with T2DM and obesity.Methods. We compared samples of patients with T2DM from the UK (N=113, 64 men) and Russia (N=200; 61 men) whom we asked to complete the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ). Mean age was 61.2±9.7 years old (range 39-85 years). Physical assessment included height, weight, body mass index and obesity degree according World Health Organization. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 21.0. Means (SD), 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.Results. One hundred seventy-nine patients were classified as obese (range 30.0 – 53.9). Mean values for restraint, emotional and external eating for this obese group were 2.8±0.07 (95% CI 2.7-3.0), 3.3±0.08 (95% CI 3.2-3.5) and 3.0±0.05 (95% CI 2.9-3.2), respectively. Russian patients showed higher levels of external eating (p<0.0001) and emotional eating (p<.0001) than their UK counterparts, but levels of restraint eating did not differ by country (p=0.30). HbA1c was significantly lower in the Russian patients compared to the UK patients (p=0.04). Multiple regression analysis showed that emotional eating, but not restraint or external eating was a significant predictor of BMI even when controlling for age, sex, HbA1c and country (β = 0.56; p < 0.0001; 95%CI 1.03-3.0)Conclusion. Present study has shown that emotional eating is an important correlate of BMI in patients with T2DM patients. However, eating behaviour styles may differ by country.

scholarly journals Artificial recharge through treated waste water

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (II) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Anita Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Artificial Recharge

Artificial recharge is a process where water is introduced into the subsurface and is directly linked to the amount of water that enters an aquifer through human controlled means. Water that has been negatively affected in quality by human is termed as wastewater and it must be treated before it is used for artificial recharge of the ground water. The growth rate of various development sectors of the country is dependent on the availability of water resources therefore conservation, reclamation and reuse of water are receiving great importance.

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