scholarly journals Mechanism for Flexible Solar Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghaida Salman Muhammed
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
High Specific Power ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
New Applications

Flexible photovoltaics are covering the way to low-cost electricity. The build-up of organic, inorganic and organic–inorganic solar cells on flexible substrates by printing technologies is to provide lightweight and economic solar modules that can be incorporated in various surfaces. Progress of flexible and lightweight solar cell is interesting for many terrestrial and space applications that require a very high specific power. Thin-film solar cells on polymer films can produce more than 2KW\\Kg specific power. Flexible solar cells are proposed to open up a numerous of possibilities for enabling new applications in consumer electronics and space satellites. Recent research in thin-film electronics has been concentrated on the replacement of the traditional rigid glass plate substrate with plastic or metallic foils. Organic materials bear the potential to develop a long-term technology that is economically viable for large-scale power generation based on environmentally safe materials with unlimited availability. Organic and organic-inorganic photovoltaics (PVs) (third generation solar cells) continue to attract great attention from the PV community, due to their promising features such as low organic–inorganic cost, flexibility and light weight. In this chapter, many of the possible materials for manufacturing of flexible solar cells are discussed.

scholarly journals Advances in low-cost and nontoxic materials based solar cell devices

2021 ◽  
Vol 2070 (1) ◽  
pp. 012043
Author(s):  
S S Hegde ◽  
K Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tin Sulfide ◽  
Next Generation

Abstract Photovoltaics (PV) have become increasingly popular and reached as the third-largest renewable energy source. Thin-film solar cells made from earth-abundant, inexpensive and environmentally friendly materials are needed to replace the current PV technologies whose large-scale applications are limited by material and/or resource constraints. Near optimum direct optical bandgap of 1.3 eV, high absorption coefficient (>104 cm−1), less toxic, and abundant raw resources along with considerable scalability have made tin sulfide (SnS) as a strategic choice for next-generation PVs. In this review, limitations of leading commercial PV technologies and the status of a few alternate low-cost PV materials are outlined. Recent literature on crucial physical properties of SnS thin-films and the present status of SnS thin-film-based solar cells are discussed. Deficiency and adequacy of some of the key properties of SnS including carrier mobility (μ), minority carrier lifetime (τ), and absorption coefficient (α) are discussed in comparison of existing commercial solar cell materials. Future research trends on SnS based solar cells to enhance their conversion efficiencies towards the theoretical maximum of 24% from present ~5% and its prospectus as next-generation solar cell is also discussed.

scholarly journals Post-growth process for flexible CdS/CdTe thin film solar cells with high specific power

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. A791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunwoo Cho ◽  
Yoonmook Kang ◽  
Donghwan Kim ◽  
Jihyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Thin Film Solar Cells ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Cdte Thin Film ◽  
High Specific Power

scholarly journals Growth and Fabrication of GaAs Thin-Film Solar Cells on a Si Substrate via Hetero Epitaxial Lift-Off

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 820
Author(s):  
Seungwan Woo ◽  
Geunhwan Ryu ◽  
Taesoo Kim ◽  
Namgi Hong ◽  
Jae-Hoon Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Thin Film Solar Cells ◽  
Threading Dislocation ◽  
Si Substrate ◽  
Lift Off

We demonstrate, for the first time, GaAs thin film solar cells epitaxially grown on a Si substrate using a metal wafer bonding and epitaxial lift-off process. A relatively thin 2.1 μm GaAs buffer layer was first grown on Si as a virtual substrate, and a threading dislocation density of 1.8 × 107 cm−2 was achieved via two In0.1Ga0.9As strained insertion layers and 6× thermal cycle annealing. An inverted p-on-n GaAs solar cell structure grown on the GaAs/Si virtual substrate showed homogenous photoluminescence peak intensities throughout the 2″ wafer. We show a 10.6% efficient GaAs thin film solar cell without anti-reflection coatings and compare it to nominally identical upright structure solar cells grown on GaAs and Si. This work paves the way for large-scale and low-cost wafer-bonded III-V multi-junction solar cells.

An Assessment of a Low-Cost Wastewater Disposal System after Twenty-Five Years of Operation

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 701-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Reidy ◽  
G. W. Samson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Industrial Base ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
The Past ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Coal Resource

A low-cost wastewater disposal system was commissioned in 1959 to treat domestic and industrial wastewaters generated in the Latrobe River valley in the province of Gippsland, within the State of Victoria, Australia (Figure 1). The Latrobe Valley is the centre for large-scale generation of electricity and for the production of pulp and paper. In addition other industries have utilized the brown coal resource of the region e.g. gasification process and char production. Consequently, industrial wastewaters have been dominant in the disposal system for the past twenty-five years. The mixed industrial-domestic wastewaters were to be transported some eighty kilometres to be treated and disposed of by irrigation to land. Several important lessons have been learnt during twenty-five years of operating this system. Firstly the composition of the mixed waste stream has varied significantly with the passage of time and the development of the industrial base in the Valley, so that what was appropriate treatment in 1959 is not necessarily acceptable in 1985. Secondly the magnitude of adverse environmental impacts engendered by this low-cost disposal procedure was not imagined when the proposal was implemented. As a consequence, clean-up procedures which could remedy the adverse effects of twenty-five years of impact are likely to be costly. The question then may be asked - when the total costs including rehabilitation are considered, is there really a low-cost solution for environmentally safe disposal of complex wastewater streams?

scholarly journals Performance Improvement of ZnSnO Thin-Film Transistors with Low-Temperature Self-Combustion Reaction

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1099
Author(s):  
Ye-Ji Han ◽  
Se Hyeong Lee ◽  
So-Young Bak ◽  
Tae-Hee Han ◽  
Sangwoo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Thin Film Transistor ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Annealing Temperatures ◽  
Zinc Tin Oxide ◽  
Thermal Limitation

Conventional sol-gel solutions have received significant attention in thin-film transistor (TFT) manufacturing because of their advantages such as simple processing, large-scale applicability, and low cost. However, conventional sol-gel processed zinc tin oxide (ZTO) TFTs have a thermal limitation in that they require high annealing temperatures of more than 500 °C, which are incompatible with most flexible plastic substrates. In this study, to overcome the thermal limitation of conventional sol-gel processed ZTO TFTs, we demonstrated a ZTO TFT that was fabricated at low annealing temperatures of 350 °C using self-combustion. The optimized device exhibited satisfactory performance, with μsat of 4.72 cm2/V∙s, Vth of −1.28 V, SS of 0.86 V/decade, and ION/OFF of 1.70 × 106 at a low annealing temperature of 350 °C for one hour. To compare a conventional sol-gel processed ZTO TFT with the optimized device, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses (TG-DTA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were implemented.

Cu 2 Si x Sn 1− x S 3 Thin Films Prepared by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering For Low-Cost Thin Film Solar Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 108801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Yan ◽  
Fang-Yang Liu ◽  
Yan-Qing Lai ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Ye-Xiang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reactive Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Thin Film Solar Cells ◽  
Reactive Magnetron

scholarly journals Recovery of FTO coated glass substrate via environment-friendly facile recycling perovskite solar cells

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 14534-14541
Author(s):  
M. S. Chowdhury ◽  
Kazi Sajedur Rahman ◽  
Vidhya Selvanathan ◽  
A. K. Mahmud Hasan ◽  
M. S. Jamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Glass Substrate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Photovoltaic Devices ◽  
Coated Glass Substrate ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Coated Glass

Organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently emerged as a potential candidate for large-scale and low-cost photovoltaic devices.

scholarly journals Variational data assimilation with superparameterization

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 513-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Grooms ◽  
Y. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Variational Data Assimilation ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Lorenz 96

Abstract. Superparameterization (SP) is a multiscale computational approach wherein a large scale atmosphere or ocean model is coupled to an array of simulations of small scale dynamics on periodic domains embedded into the computational grid of the large scale model. SP has been successfully developed in global atmosphere and climate models, and is a promising approach for new applications. The authors develop a 3D-Var variational data assimilation framework for use with SP; the relatively low cost and simplicity of 3D-Var in comparison with ensemble approaches makes it a natural fit for relatively expensive multiscale SP models. To demonstrate the assimilation framework in a simple model, the authors develop a new system of ordinary differential equations similar to the two-scale Lorenz-'96 model. The system has one set of variables denoted {Yi}, with large and small scale parts, and the SP approximation to the system is straightforward. With the new assimilation framework the SP model approximates the large scale dynamics of the true system accurately.

Decoupling Thin Film CdTe Growth from Packaging: Toward Record Specific Power in Low Cost Polycrystalline PV

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Clayton-Warwick ◽  
M.D. Kempe ◽  
M. S. Dabney ◽  
T. M. Barnes ◽  
C. A. Wolden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Cdte Growth
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