The Influence of Self- and Partner-Enhancement, Perceptual Congruence and Personal Identity on Relational Satisfaction among Married Couples, Dating Couples and Same-Sex Roommate Dyads

This study builds on the Taylor and Brown theory of positive illusions to attain a more in-depth understanding of the relative influence of perceptual congruence and enhanced perception (positive illusions) on relational satisfaction. A sample of 812, organized into 406 subject-partner pairs of 203 married couples, 100 dating couples, and 103 same-sex roommate dyads completed questionnaires. Each subject rated him- or her-self on six personal qualities (social skills, emotional stability, agreeableness, hostility, depression, and spirituality) and four temperaments (Dominance, Influence, Supportiveness, Conscientiousness). Then they took tests that measured the same qualities to compare with the self-ratings. On another questionnaire, each partner rated the subject on the same 10 qualities. Both subjects and partners completed the Dyadic Adjustment Scale as the measure of relational satisfaction. Primary findings discovered that in most cases, positive illusions diminish relational satisfaction. The only setting in which benefit occurs is when partners rate subjects higher than subjects rate themselves. Congruence between ratings (whether subject-test, partner-test or subject-partner) is strongly associated with relational success. Findings contrast with the Taylor and Brown theory and provide a more nuanced look at the influence of enhancement or congruence.

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Philosophical and Cultural Aspects of Medical Profession: Philosophical and Conceptual Peculiarities

Cultura ◽

10.3726/cul012019.0011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 165-174

Author(s):

Iryna MELNYCHUK ◽

Nadiya FEDCHYSHYN ◽

Oleg PYLYPYSHYN ◽

Anatolii VYKHRUSHCH

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Medical Profession ◽

Subject Area ◽

Human Relations ◽

Cultural Aspects ◽

Cultural Proximity ◽

Personal Qualities ◽

The Subject ◽

Ecological Culture ◽

High Level

The article analyzes the philosophical and cultural view of “doctor’s professional culture” as a result of centuries-old practice of human relations, which is characterized by constancy and passed from generation to generation. Medicine is a complex system in which an important role is played by: philosophical outlook of a doctor, philosophical culture, ecological culture, moral culture, aesthetic culture, artistic culture. We have found that within the system “doctor-patient” the degree of cultural proximity becomes a factor that influences the health or life of a patient. Thus, the following factors are important here: 1) communication that suppresses a sick person; 2) the balance of cultural and intellectual levels; 3) the cultural environment of a patient which has much more powerful impact on a patient than the medical one.At the present stage, the interdependence of professional and humanitarian training of future specialists is predominant, as a highly skilled specialist can not but become a subject of philosophizing. We outlined the sphere where the doctors present a genre variety of philosophizing (philosophical novels, apologies, dialogues, diaries, aphorisms, confessions, essays, etc.). This tradition represents the original variations in the formation of future doctor’s communicative competences, which are formed in the process of medical students’ professional training.A survey conducted among medical students made it possible to establish their professional values, which are indicators of the formation of philosophical and culturological competence. It was found out that 92% of respondents believed that a doctor should demonstrate a high level of health culture (avoid drinking and smoking habits, etc.)99% of respondents favoured a high level of personal qualities of a doctor which would allow methods and forms of medical practice to assert higher human ideals of truth, goodness and beauty that are the subject area of cultural studies and philosophy.

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New Approaches to Understanding Judicial Ethics in the Information

Pravosudie / Justice ◽

10.37399/2686-9241.2020.3.12-32 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 12-32

Author(s):

E. V. Burdina ◽

Keyword(s):

Self Regulation ◽

Legal Regulation ◽

Subject Area ◽

Social Needs ◽

Legal Norms ◽

Stage Of Development ◽

Judicial Administration ◽

Personal Approach ◽

Personal Qualities ◽

The Subject

Introduction. The article is devoted to the problems of the essence and content of judicial ethics in the new conditions of the technical revolution and with other social needs for legal regulation. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The work used a systematic, activity-personal approach to the study of moral and ethical standards of the conduct of judges. This made it possible to reveal a new and broader view on judicial ethics, which is not simply a set of moral restrictions and obligations imposed on a judge. Results. The work has identified and analysed the signs of judicial ethics at the current stage of development. It is argued that ethical regulation is precautionary in relation to the legal regulation of the independence of judges, for they complement ethical rules and reinforce legal norms. The ethical conduct of judges is an instrument guaranteeing judicial independence in all of its manifestations, including in organisational and judicial relations. The new realities of our time recognise the expansion of boundaries and the subject area itself of ethical regulation. A broader view on judicial ethics, which differs from the traditional one, is hereby justified. The latter is defined in two ways – namely both as a system of professional values, as well as a means of judicial administration based on the principle of self-regulation. By its very nature, judicial ethics is the result (and the way) of judicial self-governance, developed on the basis of the experience of functioning bodies of the judicial community. Discussion and Conclusion. Conclusions are drawn on both the instrumental and the managerial impact of the categories of ethics. The subject of judicial ethics has been defined, which constitutes the rules of conduct of judges in the performance of their professional duties and beyond – namely the set of general principles of work of a judge, as well as the personal qualities of a judge personifying the judicial power. Proposals on the optimisation of the mechanism of ethical influence, differentiation of ethical and disciplinary norms have also been substantiated.

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SEX-ROLE ORIENTATION AND MARITAL ADJUSTMENT

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.1987.15.1.59 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 59-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Bernard Davidson ◽

Donna L. Sollie

Keyword(s):

Role Theory ◽

Marital Adjustment ◽

Symbolic Interaction ◽

Sex Role ◽

Married Couples ◽

Dyadic Adjustment ◽

Role Orientation ◽

Sex Role Orientation ◽

The Relationship ◽

Theory Interpretation

The relationship between sex-role orientation and marital adjustment was investigated. Using a sample of 112 married couples, husbands and wives separately completed the Bem Sex-Role Inventory and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. The hypotheses tested were based on the assumption that an androgynous sex-role orientation, which incorporates both instrumental and expressive capacities, would be most positively related to self and spouse's marital adjustment, while an undifferentiated orientation would be least related. Results indicated that in general both androgynous and sex-typed individuals and their spouses were significantly higher in marital adjustment than were undifferentiated individuals and their spouses. In addition, spousal sex-role types were found to be related and couples in which both partners were classified as undifferentiated reported the lowest levels of marital adjustment while androgynous couples and sex-typed couples reported greater levels of marital adjustment. The results were discussed in relation to their support for a symbolic interaction/ role theory interpretation of the association between sex-role orientation and marital adjustment.

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The Relationship Between a Couple's Marital Adjustment and Beliefs About Diabetes Mellitus

The Diabetes Educator ◽

10.1177/014572179001600206 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 108-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Barbara A. Pieper ◽

Wendla Kushion ◽

Susan Gaida

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Married Couples ◽

Dyadic Adjustment ◽

Perceived Barriers ◽

Ability To Work ◽

Dyadic Adjustment Scale ◽

The Past ◽

Study Participants ◽

The Relationship

Twenty married couples with one partner diagnosed as having diabetes at age 40 or older within the past 5 years participated in this study. Participants completed the diabetes or family version of Beliefs About Diabetes (BAD) and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS). Results showed that perceived barriers to diet and to medication by the person with diabetes were associated with higher marital satisfaction and quality of marriage. In contrast, for the nondiabetic spouse, the perceived benefits of diet were negatively associated with the ability to work with the diabetic spouse. Additional research is needed to better understand the effect of diabetes on the marital relationship.

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Features of the Professional Direction of University Students in the Era of Digitalization

Scientific Research and Development Socio-Humanitarian Research and Technology ◽

10.12737/2306-1731-2021-10-2-18-22 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 18-22

Author(s):

A. Fatyhova ◽

O. Bakanev ◽

I. Kohanovskaya

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Internal Conflict ◽

Life Meaning ◽

Digital Era ◽

Personal Qualities ◽

The Subject ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

And Training

In the digital era, the success of the professional development of future specialists in the process of obtaining higher education largely depends on their professional orientation (PN). Despite the significant interest in the subject of the study, the problem of identifying the factors that affect PN remains poorly understood. The purpose of the study is to determine the factors of the formation of PN of students enrolled in training and retraining programs, and the features of PN in the digital era. The article reveals the content and structure of the PN of future specialists in the era of digitalization. According to the results of the empirical research, the relationship of students' PN with indicators of life-meaning orientations, motives for choosing a profession and training was revealed; the relationship between students' life-meaning orientations and indicators of motives for choosing a profession and training at the stage of digitalization of education. The factors influencing the personal condition, and the factors of the formation of the personal condition of students, who are trained according to the programs of training and retraining of specialists, have been determined. As a result of an empirical study, it was concluded that a negative impact on the formation of PN is created by factors caused by various life circumstances, lack of independence of decisions in choosing a profession, low reflection of life goals, prospects for the future, rigidity of volitional and personal qualities, internal conflict in the structure of personality relationships, low pleasure training and the like. At the same time, the level of PN is significantly higher among students who receive a second higher education and who understand its importance at the stage of digitalization of education.

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To the question of the formation of personal qualities of future doctors by means of combat sports

Physical Education of Students ◽

10.15561/20755279.2014.0508 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 43-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L.D. Khripunova

Keyword(s):

Professional Activity ◽

Combat Sports ◽

Theoretical Substantiation ◽

Self Confidence ◽

Literary Sources ◽

Personal Qualities ◽

The Subject ◽

Medical University ◽

Difficult Situations

Purpose : to provide theoretical analysis of the notion of „assertiveness” and rationale of approaches to the development of future doctors’ assertiveness by means of combat sports (Sambo and Judo). Material : analysis of regulatory documents, literary sources. Results : the author has analysed the essence of the notion of assertiveness, and ideas about the relevance of the quality in doctors’ professional activity. The notion of assertiveness has been defined as the subject quality of an individual integrating initiative and willingness to take risks in difficult situations, self-confidence and positive attitude towards others, the ability to freely make decisions and be responsible for their consequences, persistence in protecting one’s own rights and achieve life goals. It has been shown that the key component of assertiveness manifestations are technologies of subject-subject interaction, that provide mutual correctness and effectiveness of acceptable relations. Means of the combat sports have been viewed as instruments of the development of future doctors’ personal qualities. The potentialities of assertiveness formation by means of the combat sports have been defined. Conclusions : the introduction of the combat sports elements in the professionally applied training of medical university students is an important issue of nowadays, which needs theoretical substantiation and methodical support.

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The Same Difference: Protecting Same-Sex Couples under the Domestic Violence Ordinance

Asian Journal of Comparative Law ◽

10.1017/s2194607800000430 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 1-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Puja Kapai

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Orientation Discrimination ◽

Same Sex ◽

International Human Rights ◽

Same Sex Marriage ◽

Same Sex Couples ◽

Sexual Orientation Discrimination ◽

Civil Remedies ◽

The Subject ◽

International Human

AbstractHong Kong recently amended its Domestic Violence Ordinance (“DVO”). During the deliberations, the issue of whether protection under the DVO ought to be extended to same-sex couples arose for discussion and has since been the subject of extensive debate. Religious and conservative groups have argued that including these groups within the DVO risks overhauling the traditional meaning of “family” and could implicitly legitimize same-sex marriage whilst others have insisted that failing to provide equivalent civil remedies under the DVO to such groups amounts to sexual orientation discrimination and is contrary to Hong Kong's international human rights commitments. This paper reviews the various arguments that have been raised against the inclusion of same-sex couples within the DVO and argues that Hong Kong's international and constitutional commitments to the principles of equality and non-discrimination require that samesex couples be brought within the purview of this legislation.

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Exemplar of Pearls of Wisdom for the Academy through Dr. Pearlie Dove's Career in Education

Teacher Education ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-0164-0.ch003 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 47-64

Author(s):

Noran L. Moffet ◽

Melanie M. Frizzell ◽

De'Lonn C. Brown

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Critical Theory ◽

Conceptual Model ◽

Personal Narrative ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Men And Women ◽

Biographical Research ◽

Scholarly Influence ◽

Personal Qualities ◽

The Subject

The subject of this chapter represents a woman of color, courage, and consciousness who began her early childhood preparation in the segregated “colored schools” of Atlanta, Georgia in the 1920s and 1930s. Pearlie Craft (maiden name) Dove is the focus of this originally conceptualized qualitative narrative which draws its scholarly influence from ethnography, reflective biography, and historiography as well as personal narrative to posit a methodological approach described as ethno-biographical research. The selected key participant for this chapter was born in 1921. The authors constructed the methodology from selected biographical notes, conversations, interviews, and critical theory of the era in which she was educated and lived. The conceptual model describes the foundation for the use of the term Pearlie's Pearls of Wisdom as attributes that can be models for men and women who aspire to promote principles over expediency. This chapter seeks to promote the overarching professional and personal qualities exemplified by Dr. Dove from 1949-2014.

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