scholarly journals Hybrid Nature Properties of Tl10-xATe6 (A = Pb and Sn) Used as Batteries in Chalcogenide System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqas Muhammad Khan ◽  
Wiqar Hussain Shah
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Sn Doping ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Type Semiconductor ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
P Type ◽  
Positive Work

In future, the most common batteries will be the thallium. As there is many types of batteries but the thallium batteries are better from them. In here, we have made the compound which is more positive work than the other batteries. The different elements are doping in the tellurium telluride to determine the different properties like electrical and thermal properties of nanoparticles. The chalcogenide nanoparticles can be characteristics by the doping of the different metals which are like the holes. We present the effects of Pb and Sn doping on the electrical and thermoelectric properties of Tellurium Telluride Tl10-xPbxTe6 and Tl10-xSnxTe6 (x = 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75, 2.00) respectively, which were prepared by solid state reactions in an evacuated sealed silica tubes. Structurally, all these compounds were found to be phase pure as confirmed by the x-rays diffractometery (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The thermo-power or Seebeck co-efficient (S) was measured for all these compounds which show that S increases with increasing temperature from 295 to 550 K. The Seebeck coefficient is positive for the whole temperature range, showing p-type semiconductor characteristics. Similarly the electrical conductivity (σ) and the power factors have also complex behavior with Pb and Sn concentrations. The power factor (PF = S2σ) observed for Tl10-xPbxTe6 and Tl10-xSnxTe6 compounds are increases with increase in the whole temperature range (290 K–550 K) studied here. Telluride’s are narrow band-gap semiconductors, with all elements in common oxidation states, according to (Tl+)9(Pb3+)(Te2−)6 and (Tl+)9(Sn3+)(Te2−)6. Phases range were investigated and determined with different concentration of Pb and Sn with consequents effects on electrical and thermal properties.

THE INFLUENCE OF SPIN-REORIENTATION ON THE DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOUR OF COBALT SUBSTITUTED W-TYPE BARIUM–ZINC HEXAGONAL FERRITES

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (29) ◽  
pp. 1461-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. DEVENDER REDDY ◽  
Y. PURUSHOTHAM ◽  
M. BHAGAVANTHA REDDY ◽  
P. VENUGOPAL REDDY
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Spin Reorientation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dielectric Behaviour ◽  
Dielectric Measurements ◽  
Hexagonal Ferrites ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Observed Behavior

Dielectric measurements of cobalt substituted W-type barium–zinc hexagonal ferrites are undertaken both as a function of frequency and temperature. The dielectric constant is found to decrease continuously with increasing frequency while it increases continuously with increasing temperature. The variation of dielectric constant with dopants concentration is explained on the basis of magnetic cation orientation. From the temperature variation of dielectric constant two transitions, one due to the spin reorientation in the temperature range 450–500 K and the other one due to a ferri to paramagnetic transition have been observed. Suitable explanations for the observed behavior are given.

Thermoelectric behaviour of p- and n- type Ti-Ni-Sn half Heusler alloy variants and their amorphous equivalents

2013 ◽  
Vol 1490 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Song Zhu ◽  
Satish Vitta ◽  
Terry M. Tritt
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Seebeck Coefficient ◽  
Heusler Alloys ◽  
Strong Temperature Dependence ◽  
Total Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Transport Behaviour ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
P Type ◽  
Amorphous Phase Formation

ABSTRACTTi-Ni-Sn type half-Heusler alloys which have the versatility to be either p- or n-type depending on the type of substitution, have been synthesized and investigated in the present work. The added advantage of doping them with multiple elements is that they will be amenable to bulk amorphous phase formation. The hole doped alloys were predominantly single phase with a cubic structure, while the electron doped alloys were found to have minor additional phases. All the alloys exhibit extremely weak metallic-like or degenerate semiconductor transport behaviour in the temperature range 20 K to 1000 K. The resistivity of p-type alloys exhibits semi-metallic-to-semiconducting transition at ∼ 500 K while the n-type alloys exhibit a weak metallic-like behaviour in the complete temperature range. The Seebeck coefficient has strong temperature dependence with a maximum of 45 μV K−1 in the temperature range 600-700 K in the p-type alloys. The n-type alloys however exhibit a linear variation of the Seebeck coefficient with temperature. The total thermal conductivity of the alloys increases with increasing temperature without any peak at low temperatures indicating significant disorder induced scattering. The p-type alloys have the lowest thermal conductivity compared to the n-type alloys. These alloys become amorphous after pulsed laser deposition except one alloy which exhibits compensated transport behaviour.

scholarly journals AgSn[Bi1−xSbx]Se3: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Electrical Behavior

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 864
Author(s):  
Paulina Valencia-Gálvez ◽  
Daniela Delgado ◽  
María Luisa López ◽  
Inmaculada Álvarez-Serrano ◽  
Silvana Moris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Seebeck Coefficient ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Semiconductor Behavior ◽  
Type Semiconductor ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
P Type

Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, and electrical properties of lead-free AgSnm[Bi1−xSbx]Se2+m (m = 1, 2) selenides. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns and Rietveld refinement data revealed that these selenides consisted of phases related to NaCl-type crystal structure. The microstructures and morphologies of the selenides were investigated by backscattered scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The studied AgSnm[Bi1−xSbx]Se2+m systems exhibited typical p-type semiconductor behavior with a carrier concentration of approximately ~+1020 cm−3. The electrical conductivity of AgSnm[Bi1−xSbx]Se2+m decreased from ~3.0 to ~10−3 S·cm−1 at room temperature (RT) with an increase in m from 1 to 2, and the Seebeck coefficient increased almost linearly with increasing temperature. Furthermore, the Seebeck coefficient of AgSn[Bi1−xSbx]Se3 increased from ~+36 to +50 μV·K−1 with increasing Sb content (x) at RT, while its average value determined for AgSn2[Bi1−xSbx]Se4 was approximately ~+4.5 μV·K−1.

The response of a MOSFET, p-type semiconductor and LiF TLD to quasi-monoenergetic x-rays

1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 2383-2391 ◽  
Author(s):  
C R Edwards ◽  
S Green ◽  
J E Palethorpe ◽  
P J Mountford
Keyword(s):  
X Rays ◽  
Type Semiconductor ◽  
P Type

scholarly journals Cell mechanical properties of human breast carcinoma cells depend on temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Aermes ◽  
Alexander Hayn ◽  
Tony Fischer ◽  
Claudia Tanja Mierke
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Cell Mechanics ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Creep Response ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Myosin Filaments ◽  
Cell Mechanical Properties ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Mcf 7

AbstractThe knowledge of cell mechanics is required to understand cellular processes and functions, such as the movement of cells, and the development of tissue engineering in cancer therapy. Cell mechanical properties depend on a variety of factors, such as cellular environments, and may also rely on external factors, such as the ambient temperature. The impact of temperature on cell mechanics is not clearly understood. To explore the effect of temperature on cell mechanics, we employed magnetic tweezers to apply a force of 1 nN to 4.5 µm superparamagnetic beads. The beads were coated with fibronectin and coupled to human epithelial breast cancer cells, in particular MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Cells were measured in a temperature range between 25 and 45 °C. The creep response of both cell types followed a weak power law. At all temperatures, the MDA-MB-231 cells were pronouncedly softer compared to the MCF-7 cells, whereas their fluidity was increased. However, with increasing temperature, the cells became significantly softer and more fluid. Since mechanical properties are manifested in the cell’s cytoskeletal structure and the paramagnetic beads are coupled through cell surface receptors linked to cytoskeletal structures, such as actin and myosin filaments as well as microtubules, the cells were probed with pharmacological drugs impacting the actin filament polymerization, such as Latrunculin A, the myosin filaments, such as Blebbistatin, and the microtubules, such as Demecolcine, during the magnetic tweezer measurements in the specific temperature range. Irrespective of pharmacological interventions, the creep response of cells followed a weak power law at all temperatures. Inhibition of the actin polymerization resulted in increased softness in both cell types and decreased fluidity exclusively in MDA-MB-231 cells. Blebbistatin had an effect on the compliance of MDA-MB-231 cells at lower temperatures, which was minor on the compliance MCF-7 cells. Microtubule inhibition affected the fluidity of MCF-7 cells but did not have a significant effect on the compliance of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. In summary, with increasing temperature, the cells became significant softer with specific differences between the investigated drugs and cell lines.

scholarly journals ON THE MECHANISM OF TONIC IMMOBILITY IN VERTEBRATES

1928 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 715-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hudson Hoagland
Keyword(s):  
Tonic Immobility ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Temperature Characteristic ◽  
The State ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Slope ◽  
Selective Inhibitors ◽  
Initial Stimulus ◽  
Temperature Range

1. The durations of successive periods of induced tonic immobility in the lizard Anolis carolinensis was examined as a function of temperature. An automatic recording method was employed and observations were made of 12,000 to 15,000 immobilizations with six animals over a temperature range of 5° to 35°C. during 5 months. 2. The durations of the immobile periods were found to vary rhythmically in most cases. The reciprocal of the duration of the rhythm, i.e., the rate of change of the process underlying the rhythms, when plotted as a function of temperature according to the Arrhenius equation show distributions of points in two straight line groups. One of these groups or bands of points extends throughout the entire temperature range with a temperature characteristic of approximately µ = 31,000 calories, and the other covers the range of 20° to 35°C. with µ equal to approximately 9,000 calories. 3. The initial stimulus in a series of inductions of immobility appears to set off a mechanism which determines the duration of the state of quiescence. Succeeding forced recoveries seem to have no effect on the normal duration of the rhythm. 4. These results are interpreted by assuming the release, through reflex stimulation, of hormonal substances, one effective between 5° and 35°C. and the other effective between 20° and 35°C. These substances are assumed to act as selective inhibitors of impulses from so called "higher centers," allowing impulses from tonic centers to pass to the muscles. 5. In some experiments a progressive lengthening in successively induced periods of immobility was observed. The logarithm of the frequency of recovery when plotted against time in most of these cases (i.e., except for a few in which irregularities occurred) gave a linear function of negative slope which was substantially unaffected by temperature. In these cases it is assumed that a diffusion process is controlling the amount of available A substance. 6. The results are similar to those obtained by Crozier with Cylisticus convexus. The duration of tonic immobility seems to be maintained in both arthropod and vertebrate by the chemical activity of "hormonal" selective inhibitors. The details of the mechanisms differ, but there is basic similarity. 7. Injections of small amounts of adrenalin above a threshold value are found to prolong the durations of tonic immobility of Anolis, by an amount which is a logarithmic function of the "dose." It is possible that internally secreted adrenalin, above a threshold amount, may be involved in the maintenance of tonic immobility. 8. The production of tonic immobility reflexly is a problem distinct from that of the duration of immobility. It is suggested that the onset may be induced by "shock" to the centers of reflex tonus causing promiscuous discharge of these centers with accompanying inhibition of the higher centers. Such a condition may result when an animal is suddenly lifted from the substratum and overturned, or when, as in the case of Anolis, it struggles with dorsum down. This reaction of the "tonic centers" may at the same time lead to discharge of the adrenal glands by way of their spinal connections thus prolonging the state.

Transparent P-type Conducting LaCuOS Layered Oxysulfide

2001 ◽  
Vol 666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazushige Ueda ◽  
Shin-ichiro Inoue ◽  
Sakyo Hirose ◽  
Hiroshi Kawazoe ◽  
Hideo Hosono
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Optoelectronic Devices ◽  
Promising Material ◽  
High Transparency ◽  
Conducting Oxides ◽  
Excitonic Absorption ◽  
Type Semiconductor ◽  
Optical Applications ◽  
P Type

ABSTRACTMaterials design for transparent p-type conducting oxides was extended to oxysulfide system. LaCuOS was selected as a candidate for a transparent p-type semiconductor. It was found that the electrical conductivity of LaCuOS was p-type and controllable from semiconducting to semi-metallic states by substituting Sr2+ for La3+. LaCuOS films showed high transparency in the visible region, and the bandgap estimated was approximately 3.1 eV. Moreover, it was revealed that LaCuOS showed sharp excitonic absorption and emission at the bandgap edge, which is advantageous for optical applications. A layered oxysulfide, LaCuOS, was proposed to be a promising material for optoelectronic devices.

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