scholarly journals Potential of Bagasse as Raw Material for Lignosulfonate Surfactant

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rini Setiati ◽  
Aqlyna Fatahanissa ◽  
Shabrina Sri Riswati ◽  
Septoratno Siregar ◽  
Deana Wahyuningrum
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sodium Lignosulfonate ◽  
Component Test ◽  
Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Steam Boilers ◽  
Injection Mechanism ◽  
Petroleum Sector

Anionic surfactants are generally used in surfactant injections because they are good, resistant in storage and stable. Furthermore, Commercially, anions are produced in the form of carboxylates, sulfates, sulfonates, phosphates, or phosphonates. The surfactants used in the process of implementing Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) are generally petroleum-based, such as Petroleum Sulfonate. Therefore, an increase in oil price, leads to an increase in the price of surfactant and the operational costs becomes relatively expensive. Lignosulfonate is a type of anionic surfactant which is made with lignin as raw material. This lignin is found in many plants, including wood stalks, plant leaves, peanut shells, corn cobs, bagasse, empty bunches of oil palm and wheat straw. Based on the results of previous studies, 25% of lignin component was discovered in bagasse. This may be a consideration that there is enough lignin in bagasse to be used as raw material in the production of lignosulfonate vegetable surfactants. Furthermore, lignin from bagasse is used because bagasse is easy to obtain, cheap and an environmental friendly vegetable waste. Currently, bagasse is only used as fuel in steam boilers and papermaking, cement and brick reinforcement, a source of animal feed, bioethanol, activated charcoal as adsorbent and compost fertilizer. This is a consideration to optimize the use of bagasse to become lignosulfonate as an alternative for surfactants in the petroleum sector. The purpose of this study is to show that lignin from bagasse has the potential of becoming a lignosulfonate surfactant. There are several studies that have processed bagasse into sodium lignosulfonate. The component test on the results showed that the surfactant component of sodium lignosulfonate from bagasse was almost the same as the commercial standard lignosulfonate component. Furthermore, the results of the HLB (Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Balance) value test show that the sodium lignosulfonate surfactant from bagasse can function as an emulsion form which is a required parameter for the surfactant injection mechanism. Based on the discussion of the study results, bagasse has the potential as a raw material to be processed into lignosulfonates.

scholarly journals Sustainable Innovation System Using Process Of Bagasse Become Sodium Lignosulfonate Surfactant For Enhanced Oil Recovery

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 01026
Author(s):  
Rini Setiati ◽  
Septoratno Siregar ◽  
Taufan Marhaendrajana ◽  
Deana Wahyuningrum
Keyword(s):  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Petroleum Engineering ◽  
Sodium Lignosulfonate ◽  
Scientific Application

The purpose of this research is to get new product innovation process from bagasse, that is Sodium LignoSulfonate surfactant. Lignosulfonates surfactants in petroleum engineering are used as injection fluids into oil reservoirs to increase oil recovery, which is known as Enhanced Oil Recovery process. Lignosulfonates is made of lignin as raw material, which can be extracted from bagasse as one of its sources. Bagasse contains 24 - 25% lignin, so it is sufficient to be processed into lignosulfonates. Today, bagasse is one of the biomass resources widely used as a boiler fuel in sugar factory, source of animal feed, material for paper, cement and brick reinforcement .This study presents an innovation of bagasse utilization. This innovation involves two scientific application fields, firstly, chemistry in the processing of bagasse into sodium lignosulfonates surfactant and secondly, petroleum engineering in the effort of using sodium lignosulfonates surfactant to increase oil production from the reservoir. The last stage in this process is injection of the sodium lignosulfonates surfactant into a synthetic core in laboratory scale use water and surfactant injection.. The amount of oil that is produced from the injected core shows the increase in oil yield from the sodium lignosulfonates surfactant injection.

scholarly journals Lactic acid production from cane molasses

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aladár Vidra ◽  
András József Tóth ◽  
Áron Németh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Lactobacillus Species ◽  
Alcohol Production ◽  
Study Results

Abstract Molasses, a by-product of the sugar manufacturing process, generally comprises approximately 50% (w/w) of total sugars, but it is currently used primarily [1] as an animal feed and as a raw material in alcohol production. Currently, the sugar production is more than 160 million tones worldwide. Its byproduct molasses contain heavy metals which have growthinhibitory effect. The main sugar content in molasses is sucrose which often need to be hydrolyzed to glucose and fructose especially for utilization by Lactobacillus species. Lactobacillus species can convert sugar content to lactic acid with great efficiency, which is a valuable chemical. Lactic acid production from sugar molasses using batch fermentations with Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus sp. MKT878 were investigated in this study. Results showed, that both examined Lactobacillus species could grow on molasses despite the heavy metals inhibitory effects. The conversion of sugar content to lactic acid was successful with yield between 55-80 g/g.

scholarly journals THE PERFORMANCE EFFECTS OF SOLID WASTE FROM BAGASSE ON INCREASED OIL RECOVERY

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Rini Setiati ◽  
S Kasmungin ◽  
Sabrina S Riswati ◽  
Astri Rinanti ◽  
Jochanan Satriabudi
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Core Flooding ◽  
Sodium Lignosulfonate ◽  
Performance Effect ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Adequate Management

<p><strong>Aims:</strong><strong> </strong>This study aims to determine the synthesis of bagasse to form surfactants and evaluation of the performance of the sample to increase oil yield. Indonesia generates very large amounts of solid waste, without recycling or adequate management efforts to preserve the environment. Bagasse emerged as one of the most abundant biomass due to the operations of large plantations and factories. Furthermore, previous studies showed extensive uses in the fields of compost, animal feed, bioethanol energy, paper, and reinforced building materials. <strong>Methodology and Results:</strong> Lignin was extracted from bagasse to process sodium lignosulfonate surfactant (SLS surfactant). The synthesis was characterized several times, and certain examples showed significant HLB values, as a function of emulsion builder. This condition in the oil reservoir is required to reduce interface stress (IFT) and friction in the movement of particles. Another analyses involves the assessment of core flooding of specific synthetic core and crude samples. <strong>Conclusion, significance and impact of study:</strong> The results confirm the ability of surfactant bagasse to increase oil recovery, namely the HLB value of 11.6. The results also show the surfactant classification with the ability to form a middle-phase emulsion in order to increase petroleum products. Therefore, bagasse as solid waste has a performance effect on the process of increasing petroleum production.</p>

scholarly journals Determination of optimum animal feed raw material order allocation

2021 ◽  
Vol 713 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
D Wahyuni ◽  
M T Sembiring ◽  
I Budiman ◽  
T Utari ◽  
C D N Silaen
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Order Allocation

scholarly journals Synthesis of Sodium Lignosulfonate (SLS) Surfactant and Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) as Surfactants in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1053 (1) ◽  
pp. 012068
Author(s):  
Teodora Dasilva ◽  
Ronny Windu Sudrajat ◽  
Mega Kasmiyatun ◽  
Slamet Priyanto ◽  
Suherman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Sodium Lignosulfonate

Feasibility of cereal straw for industrial utilization in Minnesota

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.C. Wagner ◽  
S. Ramaswamy ◽  
U. Tschirner
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cereal Straw ◽  
Industrial Utilization ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
On Farm ◽  
And Storage

AbstractA pre-economic feasibility study was undertaken to determine the potential of cereal straw for industrial utilization in Minnesota. Specifically, utilizing straw for pulp and paper manufacture was of interest. The availability of cereal straw fiber supplies at various locations across the state of Minnesota, along with pre-processing issues such as transportation, harvesting, handling, and storage, are discussed and priced. The greatest economic advantage of straw for industrial use appears to be the low cost of the raw material compared to traditional raw materials. This also provides an excellent opportunity for additional income for farmers. The methodology and information provided here should be helpful in evaluating the feasibility of utilizing straw for other industrial purposes in other parts of the world. However, in some Third World countries, long-standing on-farm, traditional uses of cereal straws for fuel, fiber, and animal feed may limit their availability for industrial utilization.

Fuel Formation and Conversion During In-Situ Combustion of Crude Oil

SPE Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (06) ◽  
pp. 1217-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hascakir Berna ◽  
Cynthia M. Ross ◽  
Louis M. Castanier ◽  
Anthony R. Kovscek
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Combustion Front ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Combustion Tube ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
In Situ Combustion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Study Results

Summary In-situ combustion (ISC) is a successful method with great potential for thermal enhanced oil recovery. Field applications of ISC are limited, however, because the process is complex and not well-understood. A significant open question for ISC is the formation of coke or "fuel" in correct quantities that is sufficiently reactive to sustain combustion. We study ISC from a laboratory perspective in 1 m long combustion tubes that allow the monitoring of the progress of the combustion front by use of X-ray computed tomography (CT) and temperature profiles. Two crude oils—12°API (986 kg/m3) and 9°API (1007 kg/m3)—are studied. Cross-sectional images of oil movement and banking in situ are obtained through the appropriate analysis of the spatially and temporally varying CT numbers. Combustion-tube runs are quenched before front breakthrough at the production end, thereby permitting a post-mortem analysis of combustion products and, in particular, the fuel (coke and coke-like residues) just downstream of the combustion front. Fuel is analyzed with both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS and SEM results are used to identify the shape, texture, and elemental composition of fuel in the X-ray CT images. The SEM and XPS results aid efforts to differentiate among combustion-tube results with significant and negligible amounts of clay minerals. Initial results indicate that clays increase the surface area of fuel deposits formed, and this aids combustion. In addition, comparisons are made of coke-like residues formed during experiments under an inert nitrogen atmosphere and from in-situ combustion. Study results contribute to an improved mechanistic understanding of ISC, fuel formation, and the role of mineral substrates in either aiding or impeding combustion. CT imaging permits inference of the width and movement of the fuel zone in situ.

Anaerobic treatment of residual lemon pulp in digesters with semi-continuous feed

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 514-520
Author(s):  
A. R. Navarro ◽  
Z. Lopez ◽  
J. Salguero ◽  
M. C. Maldonado
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Comparative Tests ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The North ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Continuous Feed

Lemon growing areas in the north of Argentina have industries that produce concentrated juice, peel and essential oil and generate a significant amount of liquid and solid waste as lemon pulp. In Argentina, despite the potential applications that the pulp has as animal feed and human and industrial raw material, only 10% is used for these purposes and the rest is discarded into the environment causing many ecological and economic problems. There is little information in the literature on biotechnologies for the treatment of this industrial waste. This paper shows that lemon pulp is a suitable substrate to be treated by anaerobic digestion. We obtained 86 and 92% reduction of chemical oxygen demand in a digester with a semi-continuous feed and retention time of 10 and 20 days respectively and a productivity of 0.406 g CH4/g VS h. Comparative tests showed that pre-digesting the pulp improved the process of digestion and increased biogas generation by 20%.

scholarly journals Preliminary Archaeopetrological Study of the Lithic Industry From the l’Hort de la Boquera Rock Shelter (Margalef de Montsant, Tarragona, Spain): Applying Mineralogical and Geochemical Techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Mar Rey-Solé ◽  
Maria Pilar García-Argüelles ◽  
Jordi Nadal ◽  
Xavier Mangado ◽  
Anders Scherstén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Lithic Industry ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

The l’Hort de la Boquera site is located in the northeastern part of Iberia and its stone tool assemblage includes up to 25,000 flint artefacts. This is the first approach to the analysis of the raw material through an archaeopetrological study. Results were obtained by use of mineralogi¬cal techniques: macroscopic and petrographic analysis, Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), Micro-Raman and X-Ray diffraction (XRD); additionally, Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry was applied. It has been possible to discriminate at least four flint categories, the ‘Evaporitic flint type’ (with two local subvarieties – ‘Common evaporitic’ and ‘Garnet’ varieties) that comes from local outcrops of the Ulldemolins Complex, and two flint types that had their origin further afield: the ‘Charophyta flint type’ (coming from the Torrente de Cinca Unit) and the ‘Dark flint type’ (from the La Serra Llarga Formation).These results make this study the most comprehensive analysis of raw materials that has been carried out in the area so far

scholarly journals Possibilities of utilization of the leftover bread

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zvonko Njezic ◽  
Jasmina Zivkovic ◽  
Biljana Cvetkovic
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Food Production ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydrothermal Processing ◽  
Baking Industry ◽  
Average Consumption

Food production is a top priority issue, as the lack of food for the continuously growing population is becoming an increasing problem in the world and in Serbia as well. Increase of food production for humans and animals can be achieved by use of new technologies in biotechnology, i.e. in bio-industry. Nowadays, there are many different ways for thermal processing of cereals: toasting, extrusion, hydrothermal processing, micronization, microwave treatment, while in Serbia, most frequently used processes are extrusion and hydrothermal processing. Baking industry is highly developed in Serbia. Bread consumption per capita in Serbia is far above average consumption in EU. According to the survey conducted, there is a significant amount of leftover bread in Serbia. Leftover bread represents an environmental problem, but also potentially valuable raw material for human food and animal feed.

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