scholarly journals Clinical Approaches of Biomimetic: An Emerging Next Generation Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirti Rani
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
The Body ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Biochemical Engineering ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Material Sciences ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Generation Technology

Biomimetic is the study of various principles of working mechanisms of naturally occurring phenomena and their further respective integrations in to such a modified advanced mechanized instruments/models of digital or artificial intelligence protocols. Hence, biomimetic has been proposed in last decades for betterment of human mankind for improving security systems by developing various convenient robotic vehicles and devices inspired by natural working phenomenon of plants, animals, birds and insects based on biochemical engineering and nanotechnology. Hence, biomimetic will be considered next generation technology to develop various robotic products in the fields of chemistry, medicine, material sciences, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering medicine, biomedical engineering to treat various diseases and congenital disorders. The characteristics of tissue engineered scaffolds are found to possess multifunctional cellular properties like biocompatibility, biodegradability and favorable mechanized properties when comes in close contact with the body fluids in vivo. This chapter will provide overall overview to the readers for the study based on reported data of developed biomimetic materials and tools exploited for various biomedical applications and tissue engineering applications which further helpful to meet the needs of the medicine and health care industries.

scholarly journals Collagen-Based Electrospun Materials for Tissue Engineering: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Britani N. Blackstone ◽  
Summer C. Gallentine ◽  
Heather M. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Collagen Type I ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pool Data ◽  
Type I ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Increased Strength

Collagen is a key component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in organs and tissues throughout the body and is used for many tissue engineering applications. Electrospinning of collagen can produce scaffolds in a wide variety of shapes, fiber diameters and porosities to match that of the native ECM. This systematic review aims to pool data from available manuscripts on electrospun collagen and tissue engineering to provide insight into the connection between source material, solvent, crosslinking method and functional outcomes. D-banding was most often observed in electrospun collagen formed using collagen type I isolated from calfskin, often isolated within the laboratory, with short solution solubilization times. All physical and chemical methods of crosslinking utilized imparted resistance to degradation and increased strength. Cytotoxicity was observed at high concentrations of crosslinking agents and when abbreviated rinsing protocols were utilized. Collagen and collagen-based scaffolds were capable of forming engineered tissues in vitro and in vivo with high similarity to the native structures.

Optimization of Oxygen Delivery within Hydrogels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia M Mavris ◽  
Laura M Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Oxygen Transport ◽  
Current Medical ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Translation ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Cell Sources

Abstract The field of tissue engineering has been continuously evolving since its inception over three decades ago with numerous new advancements in biomaterials and cell sources and widening applications to most tissues in the body. Despite the substantial promise and great opportunities for the advancement of current medical therapies and procedures, the field has yet to capture wide clinical translation due to some remaining challenges, including oxygen availability within constructs, both in vitro and in vivo. While this insufficiency of nutrients, specifically oxygen, is a limitation within the current frameworks of this field, the literature shows promise in new technological advances to efficiently provide adequate delivery of nutrients to cells. This review attempts to capture the most recent advances in the field of oxygen transport in hydrogel-based tissue engineering, including a comparison of current research as it pertains to the modeling, sensing, and optimization of oxygen within hydrogel constructs as well as new technological innovations to overcome traditional diffusion-based limitations. The application of these findings can further the advancement and development of better hydrogel-based tissue engineered constructs for future clinical translation and adoption.

Nanocomposite injectable gels capable of self-replenishing regenerative extracellular microenvironments for in vivo tissue engineering

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Nagahama ◽  
Naho Oyama ◽  
Kimika Ono ◽  
Atsushi Hotta ◽  
Keiko Kawauchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
In Vivo Tissue Engineering ◽  
Injectable Gels

Nanocomposite injectable gels, which self-replenish regenerative extracellular microenvironments within the gels in the body by utilizing host-derived bioactive molecules as building blocks, are reported.

scholarly journals Identification of Equid herpesvirus 2 in tissue-engineered equine tendon

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roisin Wardle ◽  
Jane A. Pullman ◽  
Sam Haldenby ◽  
Lorenzo Ressel ◽  
Marion Pope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Independent Set ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Equid Herpesvirus ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon ◽  
Biochemical Testing ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Background:Incidental findings of virus-like particles were identified following electron microscopy of tissue-engineered tendon constructs (TETC) derived from equine tenocytes. We set out to determine the nature of these particles, as there are few studies which identify virus in tendonsper se, and their presence could have implications for tissue-engineering using allogenic grafts.Methods:Virus particles were identified in electron microscopy of TETCs. Virion morphology was used to initially hypothesise the virus identity.  Next generation sequencing was implemented to identify the virus. A pan herpesvirus PCR was used to validate the RNASeq findings using an independent platform. Histological analysis and biochemical analysis was undertaken on the TETCs.Results:Morphological features suggested the virus to be either a retrovirus or herpesvirus. Subsequent next generation sequencing mapped reads to Equid herpesvirus 2 (EHV2). Histological examination and biochemical testing for collagen content revealed no significant differences between virally affected TETCs and non-affected TETCs. An independent set of equine superficial digital flexor tendon tissue (n=10) examined using designed primers for specific EHV2 contigs identified at sequencing were negative. These data suggest that EHV is resident in some equine tendon.Conclusions:EHV2 was demonstrated in equine tenocytes for the first time; likely fromin vivoinfection. The presence of EHV2 could have implications to both tissue-engineering and tendinopathy.

scholarly journals Natural and Synthetic Polymers for Bone Scaffolds Optimization

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Donnaloja ◽  
Emanuela Jacchetti ◽  
Monica Soncini ◽  
Manuela T. Raimondi
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Polymeric Scaffold ◽  
Technology Improvement

Bone tissue is the structural component of the body, which allows locomotion, protects vital internal organs, and provides the maintenance of mineral homeostasis. Several bone-related pathologies generate critical-size bone defects that our organism is not able to heal spontaneously and require a therapeutic action. Conventional therapies span from pharmacological to interventional methodologies, all of them characterized by several drawbacks. To circumvent these effects, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are innovative and promising approaches that exploit the capability of bone progenitors, especially mesenchymal stem cells, to differentiate into functional bone cells. So far, several materials have been tested in order to guarantee the specific requirements for bone tissue regeneration, ranging from the material biocompatibility to the ideal 3D bone-like architectural structure. In this review, we analyse the state-of-the-art of the most widespread polymeric scaffold materials and their application in in vitro and in vivo models, in order to evaluate their usability in the field of bone tissue engineering. Here, we will present several adopted strategies in scaffold production, from the different combination of materials, to chemical factor inclusion, embedding of cells, and manufacturing technology improvement.

scholarly journals Gold-Polymer Nanocomposites for Future Therapeutic and Tissue Engineering Applications

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Panangattukara Prabhakaran Praveen Kumar ◽  
Dong-Kwon Lim
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposites ◽  
Surface Charges ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Therapeutic Applications

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been extensively investigated for their use in various biomedical applications. Owing to their biocompatibility, simple surface modifications, and electrical and unique optical properties, AuNPs are considered promising nanomaterials for use in in vitro disease diagnosis, in vivo imaging, drug delivery, and tissue engineering applications. The functionality of AuNPs may be further expanded by producing hybrid nanocomposites with polymers that provide additional functions, responsiveness, and improved biocompatibility. Polymers may deliver large quantities of drugs or genes in therapeutic applications. A polymer alters the surface charges of AuNPs to improve or modulate cellular uptake efficiency and their biodistribution in the body. Furthermore, designing the functionality of nanocomposites to respond to an endo- or exogenous stimulus, such as pH, enzymes, or light, may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic applications. In this review, we focus on the recent progress in the use of AuNPs and Au-polymer nanocomposites in therapeutic applications such as drug or gene delivery, photothermal therapy, and tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Identification of Equid herpesvirus 2 in tissue-engineered equine tendon

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Roisin Wardle ◽  
Jane A. Pullman ◽  
Sam Haldenby ◽  
Lorenzo Ressel ◽  
Marion Pope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Independent Set ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Equid Herpesvirus ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon ◽  
Biochemical Testing ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Background:Incidental findings of virus-like particles were identified following electron microscopy of tissue-engineered tendon constructs (TETC) derived from equine tenocytes. We set out to determine the nature of these particles, as there are few studies which identify virus in tendonsper se, and their presence could have implications for tissue-engineering using allogenic grafts.Methods:Virus particles were identified in electron microscopy of TETCs. Virion morphology was used to initially hypothesise the virus identity.  Next generation sequencing was implemented to identify the virus. A pan herpesvirus PCR was used to validate the RNASeq findings using an independent platform. Histological analysis and biochemical analysis was undertaken on the TETCs.Results:Morphological features suggested the virus to be either a retrovirus or herpesvirus. Subsequent next generation sequencing mapped reads to Equid herpesvirus 2 (EHV2). Histological examination and biochemical testing for collagen content revealed no significant differences between virally affected TETCs and non-affected TETCs. An independent set of equine superficial digital flexor tendon tissue (n=10) examined using designed primers for specific EHV2 contigs identified at sequencing were negative. These data suggest that EHV is resident in some equine tendon.Conclusions:EHV2 was demonstrated in equine tenocytes for the first time; likely fromin vivoinfection. The presence of EHV2 could have implications to both tissue-engineering and tendinopathy.

scholarly journals Bioactive Glasses and Glass-Ceramics for Healthcare Applications in Bone Regeneration and Tissue Engineering

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo R. Fernandes ◽  
Anuraag Gaddam ◽  
Avito Rebelo ◽  
Daniela Brazete ◽  
George E. Stan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Glass Structure ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Bioactive Glasses ◽  
Living Tissues ◽  
45S5 Bioglass

The discovery of bioactive glasses (BGs) in the late 1960s by Larry Hench et al. was driven by the need for implant materials with an ability to bond to living tissues, which were intended to replace inert metal and plastic implants that were not well tolerated by the body. Among a number of tested compositions, the one that later became designated by the well-known trademark of 45S5 Bioglass® excelled in its ability to bond to bone and soft tissues. Bonding to living tissues was mediated through the formation of an interfacial bone-like hydroxyapatite layer when the bioglass was put in contact with biological fluids in vivo. This feature represented a remarkable milestone, and has inspired many other investigations aiming at further exploring the in vitro and in vivo performances of this and other related BG compositions. This paradigmatic example of a target-oriented research is certainly one of the most valuable contributions that one can learn from Larry Hench. Such a goal-oriented approach needs to be continuously stimulated, aiming at finding out better performing materials to overcome the limitations of the existing ones, including the 45S5 Bioglass®. Its well-known that its main limitations include: (i) the high pH environment that is created by its high sodium content could turn it cytotoxic; (ii) and the poor sintering ability makes the fabrication of porous three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds difficult. All of these relevant features strongly depend on a number of interrelated factors that need to be well compromised. The selected chemical composition strongly determines the glass structure, the biocompatibility, the degradation rate, and the ease of processing (scaffolds fabrication and sintering). This manuscript presents a first general appraisal of the scientific output in the interrelated areas of bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics, scaffolds, implant coatings, and tissue engineering. Then, it gives an overview of the critical issues that need to be considered when developing bioactive glasses for healthcare applications. The aim is to provide knowledge-based tools towards guiding young researchers in the design of new bioactive glass compositions, taking into account the desired functional properties.

scholarly journals An Overview of Tissue Engineering as an Alternative for Toxicity Assessment

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Garrod ◽  
David Yi San Chau
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
Accurate Representation ◽  
Material Sciences

Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary field that combines aspects of biology, material sciences, engineering and medicine - the ultimate goal being able to fabricate replacement tissues and/or organs for an ageing population. However, parallel to this milestone, is the exploitation of the biomimetic constructs as feasible alternatives to in vivo/ex vivo toxicity testing models due to their accurate representation of innate tissue and organs. Herein, we summarise a range of concepts within tissue engineering with a particular emphasis on biological material selection and implications to animal testing. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

scholarly journals Tissue Engineering Heart Valves – a Review of More than Two Decades into Preclinical and Clinical Testing for Obtaining the Next Generation of Heart Valve Substitutes

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-510
Author(s):  
Dan SIMIONESCU ◽  
◽  
Marius Mihai HARPA ◽  
Codrut OPRITA ◽  
Ionela MOVILEANU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Heart Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Heart Valve Disease ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Mechanical Prostheses

Well documented shortcomings of current heart valve substitutes – biological and mechanical prostheses make them imperfect choices for patients diagnosed with heart valve disease, in need for a cardiac valve replacement. Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering represent the research grounds of the next generation of valvular prostheses – Tissue Engineering Heart Valves (TEHV). Mimicking the structure and function of the native valves, TEHVs are three dimensional structures obtained in laboratories encompassing scaffolds (natural and synthetic), cells (stem cells and differentiated cells) and bioreactors. The literature stipulates two major heart valve regeneration paradigms, differing in the manner of autologous cells repopulation of the scaffolds; in vitro, or in vivo, respectively. During the past two decades, multidisciplinary both in vitro and in vitro research work was performed and published. In vivo experience comprises preclinical tests in experimental animal model and cautious limited clinical translation in patients. Despite initial encouraging results, translation of their usage in large clinical scenarios represents the most important challenge that needs to be overcome. This review purpose is to outline the most remarkable preclinical and clinical results of TEHV evaluation along with the lessons learnt from all this experience.

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