scholarly journals Biorefinery System of Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Steam Explosion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chikako Asada ◽  
Sholahuddin ◽  
Yoshitoshi Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Steam Explosion ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Green Technology

Recently, plant biomass has been attracting attention due to global warming and the depletion of fossil fuels. Lignocellulosic biomass (i.e., wood, straw, and bagasse) is attracting attention as an abundant renewable resource that does not compete with the food resources. It is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin and is a potential resource that can be converted into high-value-added substances, such as biofuels, raw materials for chemical products, and cellulose nanofibers. However, due to its complicated structure, an appropriate pretreatment method is required for developing its biorefinery process. Steam explosion is one of the simplest and environmentally friendly pretreatments to decompose lignin structure, which converts cellulose into low-molecular-weight lignin with high efficiency. It has received significant attention in the field of not only biofuel but also biochemical production. Steam explosion involves the hydrolysis of plant biomass under high-pressure steam and the sudden release of steam pressure induces a shear force on the plant biomass. Moreover, it is a green technology that does not use any chemicals. Thus, a steam explosion-based biorefinery system is highly effective for the utilization of lignocellulosic into useful materials, such as ethanol, methane gas, antioxidant material, epoxy resin, and cellulose nanofiber.

scholarly journals Selectivity Control of C-O Bond Cleavage for Catalytic Biomass Valorization

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumei Jian ◽  
Ye Meng ◽  
Hu Li
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Bond Cleavage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
High Oxygen Content ◽  
Selectivity Control ◽  
Main Components

Increasing fossil fuels consumption and global warming have driven the global revolution towards renewable energy sources. Lignocellulosic biomass is the main source of renewable carbon-based fuels. The abundant intermolecular linkages and high oxygen content between cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin limit the use of traditional fuels. Therefore, it is a promising strategy to break the above linkages and remove oxygen by selective catalytic cracking of C–O bond to further transform the main components of biomass into small molecular products. This mini-review discusses the significance of selectivity control in C–O bond cleavage with well-tailored catalytic systems or strategies for furnishing biofuels and value-added chemicals of high efficiency from lignocellulosic biomass. The current challenges and future opportunities of converting lignocellulose biomass into high-value chemicals are also summarized and analyzed.

Microbial Oil Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass – Recent Development and Prospect

2014 ◽  
Vol 541-542 ◽  
pp. 397-403
Author(s):  
Zhang Nan Lin ◽  
Hong Juan Liu ◽  
Zhi Qin Wang ◽  
Jia Nan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Microbial Oil ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Application Potential

Microbial oil is one of the ideal raw materials for biodiesel production because of its rapid reproduction and less influence by the climate and season variation. However, the high cost is one of the key issues that restricted its production in a large-scale. Lignocellulosic biomass, the cheap and renewable resource, might be the best raw material for microbial oil production by oleaginous microorganisms. Recent development on the microbial oil production from lignocellulosic biomass was summarized in this paper. Furthermore, the challenges and application potential of microbial oil were prospected.

Steam explosion-ionic liquid pretreatments on wetland lignocellulosic biomasses of Phragmites (sp.) and Thalia dealbata for Bio H2conversion

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (69) ◽  
pp. 36603-36614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyun Peng ◽  
Lingling Gao ◽  
Mengjiao Li ◽  
Yibin Shen ◽  
Qiongqiu Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Steam Explosion ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Thalia Dealbata ◽  
Phragmites Sp

Bio H2conversion from wetland lignocellulosic biomass is one of the promising alternatives to fossil fuels.

scholarly journals The application of lignin as renewable raw material in chemical industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Marta Goliszek ◽  
Beata Podkościelna
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pulp Industry ◽  
Renewable Raw Material ◽  
Paper And Pulp ◽  
Paper And Pulp Industry ◽  
Forms Of Carbon

<p>The overutilization of fossil fuels will inevitably cause the global environmental problems and dwindling of available resources. For that reason, identifying renewable sustainable alternatives has attracted an increasing attention. Lignocellulosic biomass has been considered to be one of the most logical feedstock to replace traditional fossil resources as one of the most accessible renewable forms of carbon. One of the primary components of lignocellulosic biomass, next to hemicellulose and cellulose is lignin. It is a by-product in paper and pulp industry. Lignin is mainly used as fuel directly, without further utilization which is suggested to be a waste of natural resources. With this purpose, the valorization of lignin into value-added products needs particular attention of researchers. This review article focuses on chosen possible applications of lignin in chemical industry.</p>

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CELLULOSE NANOWHISKERS (CNWs) AND CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS (CNFs)

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 501-510
Author(s):  
ZHIJUN HU ◽  
XINYU CAO ◽  
DALIANG GUO ◽  
YINCHAO XU ◽  
PING WU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cellulose Nanowhiskers ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Economic Output

Cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs) from plant biomass are of considerable interest, primarily due to their low density, biodegradability, mechanical strength, economic output, and renewability. Here, a new pretreatment method has been developed to produce CNWs based on supercritical CO2 and ethanol. The raw material was micro-fibrillated cellulose (MFC) and experimental factors were controlled to enhance the properties of CNWs produced using a ball-milling technique following supercritical CO2 pretreatment. Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were also prepared using a high-pressure Microfluidizer©. A comparative study was conducted of the properties of the raw materials, the CNWs and the CNFs. The solid yields of P-MFC after supercritical CO2 pretreatment gradually decreased, along with the temperature and the reaction time. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the CNWs and CNFs show that the morphology of the CNWs was basically acicular, while that of the CNFs was mainly soft fibrous. Thermogravimetric analysis results suggest that the thermal stability of the CNWs was substantially higher than those of the CNFs and the raw material. XRD results indicate that the crystallinity showed an initial increasing trend and then declined with increasing temperature and reaction time, and the crystallinity value of CNWs was higher than that of CNFs. The smaller CNWs became rougher and had a larger surface area.

scholarly journals Agricultural and Forest Residues towards Renewable Chemicals and Materials Using Microwave Liquefaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijuan Shao ◽  
Hongli Zhao ◽  
Jiulong Xie ◽  
Jinqiu Qi ◽  
Todd F. Shupe
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Phenolic Resins ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Renewable Chemicals ◽  
Value Added Products

Microwave-assisted liquefaction is regarded as a promising thermochemical approach to produce renewable and sustainable chemicals and materials from lignocellulosic biomass. Agricultural and forest residues as sources of lignocellulosic biomass have great potential in this regard. With process optimizations, several biomass types have been subjected to liquefaction in different solvents with various catalysts. The products from recent microwave liquefaction with and without further fractionation have been thoroughly analyzed and used for the synthesis of biomaterials. Renewable chemicals, polyurethane foams with partial use of renewable raw materials, and phenolic resins have been the main products from microwave-liquefied products. Further research on microwave liquefaction mechanisms and scalable production should be enhanced to fully evaluate the economic and environmental benefits. This work presents an overview on achievements using liquefaction in combination with microwave energy to convert lignocellulosic biomass into value-added products and chemicals.

scholarly journals Polymer Extraction from Lignocellulosic Biomass (Water Hyacinth)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Lignocellulosic Wastes ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Bioconversion of renewable lignocellulosic biomass to biofuel and value-added products is globally gaining significant importance. Lignocellulosic wastes are the most promising feedstock considering its great availability and low cost. The biomass conversion process involves mainly two steps: hydrolysis of cellulose in the lignocellulosic biomass to produce reducing sugars and fermentation of the sugars to ethanol and other bioproducts. However, sugars necessary for fermentation are trapped inside the recalcitrant structure of the lignocellulose. Hence, pretreatment of lignocellulosic wastes is always necessary to alter and/or remove the surrounding matrix of lignin and hemicelluloses in order to improve the hydrolysis of cellulose. These pretreatments cause physical and/or chemical changes in the plant biomass in order to achieve this result. Each pretreatment has a specific effect on the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin fraction. Thus, the pretreatment methods and conditions should be chosen according to the process configuration selected for the subsequent hydrolysis steps. In general, pretreatment methods can be classified into four categories, including physical, physicochemical, chemical, and biological pretreatment. Bioresource utilization of biopolymeric materials has now gained recent attention. Cellulose was extracted from water hyacinth by acid, alkali treatment & extracted cellulose was grafted with curcumin, pesticide, grape juice, magnetorheological fluid, and the grafted composite material was evaluated for release of respective grafted materials. In the present study, a polymer extracted from water hyacinth was evaluated for various applications. The present study would suggest the possible utilization of water hyacinth composite as the biomaterial for diverse applications.

Double-Shell Microcapsules with Spatially Arranged Au Nanoparticles and Single Zn Atoms for Tandem Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueming Hou ◽  
Xiaomei Wang ◽  
Yingchun Guo ◽  
Xu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Au Nanoparticles ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Cyclic Carbonates ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Tandem Synthesis ◽  
Value Added Products

Tandem catalysts with multifunctional sites can achieve high-efficiency catalytic transformations for quickly converting simple raw materials into complex value-added products. The integration of highly active species metal nanoparticles (NPs) and...

Chemical Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for the Production of Bioproducts: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim ◽  
Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas ◽  
Norizan Mohd Nurazzi ◽  
Mohd Saiful Asmal Rani ◽  
Mahamud Siti Nur Atikah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Steam Explosion ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Chemical Pretreatment ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ammonia Fiber Explosion ◽  
The Common ◽  
Future Direction

Lignocellulosic biomass has attracted great interest from researchers. It was due to the abundance of this valuable material which can be converted into value-added materials such as nanocellulose, biocomposites, bioelectricity, biohydrogen and biosugars. Lignocellulosic biomass is consisting of the three major components which are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. In order to utilize lignocellulosic biomass for bioproducts manufacturing, they need to be pretreated prior to further processing. Pretreatment can be carried out either by mechanical, chemical, biological or combination of all these methods. Chemical pretreatment are the common method used to pretreat the lignocellulosic biomass in order to completely or partially remove the components. During the past few years, a large number of chemical pretreatment including lime, acid, steam explosion, sulfur dioxide explosion, ammonia fiber explosion, ionic liquid and others have been discovered for efficient pretreatment of biomass. Several types of chemical pretreatment of fibers and their future direction and also challenges were tackled in this review. This review could be beneficial for future directions in the pretreatment of fiber for the development of several products.

scholarly journals Evaluation of endoglucanase and β-glucosidase production by bacteria and yeasts isolated from an eucalyptus plantation in the cerrado of Minas Gerais

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Farley Souza Ribeiro Menezes ◽  
Gizelly Gomes da Cruz ◽  
Matheus De Oliveira Lopes ◽  
David Lee Nelson ◽  
Tamira Quintiliana Gomes Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
World Population ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantation ◽  
New Research

The current global environmental and economic scenario is intrinsically related to the increase in fossil fuel consumption caused by technological development and world population growth. Thus, it is necessary to search for renewable sources of biofuel in an attempt to mitigate the effects of fossil fuels on the environment and the lack of these non-renewable fuels. The use of lignocellulosic biomass, an abundant and renewable resource in Brazilian regions, has contributed successfully to new research and technologies for second-generation ethanol production. The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars requires the use of cellulolytic enzymes produced by microorganisms found in the microbiota. This work evaluated the production of endoglucanase and β-glucosidase in a liquid medium containing carboxymethylcellulose by five microorganisms (bacteria and yeasts) from the bank of 348 isolates from eucalyptus soils in the Cerrado Mineiro. Microorganisms with the following enzymatic activity indexes were selected: IM1-74 (22), IM25-9 (5.33), IM32-90 (7.33), IM1-5 (10.33) and IM32-91 (5.44). The microorganisms with the highest enzymatic activity in the liquid medium were IM32-90 (endoglucanase = 0.214 U mL-1) and IM32-91 (β-glucosidase = 0.067 U mL-1).

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