scholarly journals Nanophotonics: Fundamentals, Challenges, Future Prospects and Applied Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aamir Iqbal ◽  
Naila Ashraf ◽  
Wajeehah Shahid ◽  
Muhammad Awais ◽  
Abdullah Khan Durrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Switching ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Biomedical Technologies ◽  
Nanoscale Interactions

Nanophotonics encompasses a wide range of nontrivial physical effects including light-matter interactions that are well beyond diffraction limits, and have opened up new avenues for a variety of applications in light harvesting, sensing, luminescence, optical switching, and media transmitting technologies. Recently, growing expertise of fusing nanotechnology and photonics has become fundamental, arising outskirts, challenging basic experimentation and opportunities for new technologies in our daily lives, and played a central role in many optical systems. It entails the theoretical study of photon’s interactions with matter at incredibly small scales, known as nanostructures, in order to prepare nanometer scale devices and accessories for processing, development, slowing down, influencing, and/or regulating photons through comprehending their behavior while interacting with or otherwise traveling via matter. This multidisciplinary field has also made an impact on industry, allowing researchers to explore new horizons in design, applied science, physical science, chemistry, materials science, and biomedical technologies. The foundations, nano-confinements, quantum manifestations, nanoscale interactions, numerical methods, and peculiarities of nonlinear optical phenomena in nano-photonics as well as projected nano-photonics consumption’s in our cutting-edge world, will be covered in this chapter.

scholarly journals Special Issue: New Horizon of Plasmonics and Metamaterials

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1756
Author(s):  
Shinpei Ogawa ◽  
Masafumi Kimata
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Fundamental Knowledge ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Remarkable Progress

Plasmonics and metamaterials are growing fields that consistently produce new technologies for controlling electromagnetic waves. Many important advances in both fundamental knowledge and practical applications have been achieved in conjunction with a wide range of materials, structures and wavelengths, from the ultraviolet to the microwave regions of the spectrum. In addition to this remarkable progress across many different fields, much of this research shares many of the same underlying principles, and so significant synergy is expected. This Special Issue introduces the recent advances in plasmonics and metamaterials and discusses various applications, while addressing a wide range of topics in order to explore the new horizons emerging for such research.

Possession and Repetition

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 243-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohan Yoo
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Sacred Texts ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lay Buddhists ◽  
Iconic Status ◽  
And Function ◽  
To Receive

This article demonstrates the need for the iconic status and function of Buddhist scripture to receive more attention by illuminating how lay Korean Buddhists try to appropriate the power of sutras. The oral and aural aspects of scripture, explained by Wilfred Cantwell Smith, provide only a limited understanding of the characteristics of scripture. It should be noted that, before modern times, most lay people, not only in Buddhist cultures but also in Christian and other traditions, neither had the chance to recite scriptures nor to listen to their recitations regularly. Several clear examples demonstrate contemporary Korean Buddhists’ acceptance of the iconic status of sutras and their attempt to appropriate the power and status of those sacred texts. In contemporary Korea, lay Buddhists try to claim the power of scriptures in their daily lives by repeating and possessing them. Twenty-first century lay believers who cannot read or recite in a traditional style have found new methods of repetition, such as internet programs for copying sacred texts and for playing recordings of their recitations. In addition, many Korean Buddhists consider the act of having sutras in one’s possession to be an effective way of accessing the sacred status and power of these texts. Hence, various ways of possessing them have been developed in a wide range of products, from fancy gilded sutras to sneakers embroidered with mantras.

Site specific agricultural soil management with the use of new technologies

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Interface ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soil Variation ◽  
Soil Information ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Agricultural Areas

<p>The Soil Science Institute of Thessaloniki produces new digitized Soil Maps that provide a useful electronic database for the spatial representation of the soil variation within a region, based on in situ soil sampling, laboratory analyses, GIS techniques and plant nutrition mathematical models, coupled with the local land cadastre. The novelty of these studies is that local agronomists have immediate access to a wide range of soil information by clicking on a field parcel shown in this digital interface and, therefore, can suggest an appropriate treatment (e.g. liming, manure incorporation, desalination, application of proper type and quantity of fertilizer) depending on the field conditions and cultivated crops. A specific case study is presented in the current work with regards to the construction of the digitized Soil Map of the regional unit of Kastoria. The potential of this map can easily be realized by the fact that the mapping of the physicochemical properties of the soils in this region provided delineation zones for differential fertilization management. An experiment was also conducted using remote sensing techniques for the enhancement of the fertilization advisory software database, which is a component of the digitized map, and the optimization of nitrogen management in agricultural areas.</p>

scholarly journals Nano-imprinted subwavelength gratings as polarizing beamsplitters

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Wüster ◽  
Yannick Bourgin ◽  
Patrick Feßer ◽  
Arne Behrens ◽  
Stefan Sinzinger
Keyword(s):  
Nanoimprint Lithography ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Surface Metrology ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Common Path ◽  
Dielectric Coatings ◽  
Subwavelength Gratings ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractPolarizing beamsplitters have numerous applications in optical systems, such as systems for freeform surface metrology. They are classically manufactured from birefringent materials or with stacks of dielectric coatings. We present a binary subwavelength-structured form-birefringent diffraction grating, which acts as a polarizing beamsplitter for a wide range of incidence angles −30∘…+30∘. We refine the general design method for such hybrid gratings. We furthermore demonstrate the manufacturing steps with Soft-UV-Nanoimprint-Lithography, as well as the experimental verification, that the structure reliably acts as a polarizing beamsplitter. The experimental results show a contrast in efficiency for TE- and TM-polarization of up to 1:18 in the first order, and 34:1 in the zeroth order. The grating potentially enables us to realize integrated compact optical measurement systems, such as common-path interferometers.

Digital Authoritarianism and the Future of Human Rights

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Tiberiu Dragu ◽  
Yonatan Lupu
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Theoretic Model ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Human Rights Regime ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
Strategic Context

Abstract How will advances in digital technology affect the future of human rights and authoritarian rule? Media figures, public intellectuals, and scholars have debated this relationship for decades, with some arguing that new technologies facilitate mobilization against the state and others countering that the same technologies allow authoritarians to strengthen their grip on power. We address this issue by analyzing the first game-theoretic model that accounts for the dual effects of technology within the strategic context of preventive repression. Our game-theoretical analysis suggests that technological developments may not be detrimental to authoritarian control and may, in fact, strengthen authoritarian control by facilitating a wide range of human rights abuses. We show that technological innovation leads to greater levels of abuses to prevent opposition groups from mobilizing and increases the likelihood that authoritarians will succeed in preventing such mobilization. These results have broad implications for the human rights regime, democratization efforts, and the interpretation of recent declines in violent human rights abuses.

High speed optical switching gain based EDFA model with 30 Gb/s NRZ modulation code in optical systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud M. A. Eid ◽  
Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optical Switching ◽  
Fiber Amplifier ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Power Budget ◽  
Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier ◽  
Amplifier Model ◽  
Modulation Rate ◽  
Modulation Code

AbstractThis study presents high speed optical switching gain based Erbium doped fiber amplifier model. By using the proposed model the optical fiber loss can be minimized. The system is stabilized with the power budget of 25.875 mW a long 75 km as a length of optical fiber in this study can be verified. The modulation rate of 10 Gb/s can be upgrade up to reach 30 Gb/s. The suitable power for the optical transmitter is −2.440 dBm and NRZ modulation code is verified. The receiver sensitivity can be upgraded with the minimum bit error rate and max Q factor are 1.806 e−009 and 5.899.

scholarly journals Low-energy optical switching of SO2 linkage isomerisation in single crystals of a ruthenium-based coordination complex

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 13183-13192
Author(s):  
Jacqueline M. Cole ◽  
David J. Gosztola ◽  
Sven O. Sylvester
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Optical Switching ◽  
Optical Switches ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Coordination Complex ◽  
Wide Range

Single crystals that behave as optical switches are desirable for a wide range of applications, from optical sensors to read–write memory media.

scholarly journals Towards a methodology for the characterisation of the fabric of wet clays using X-ray scattering

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Georgios Birmpilis ◽  
Reza Ahmadi-Naghadeh ◽  
Jelke Dijkstra
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Colloidal Systems ◽  
Characteristic Distance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydrophobic Coating ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ray Scattering

X-ray scattering is a promising non-invasive technique to study evolving nano- and micromechanics in clays. This study discusses the experimental considerations and a successful method to enable X-ray scattering to study clay samples at two extreme stages of consolidation. It is shown that the proposed sample environment comprising flat capillaries with a hydrophobic coating can be used for a wide range of voids ratios ranging from a clay suspension to consolidated clay samples, that are cut from larger specimens of reconstituted or natural clay. The initial X-ray scattering results using a laboratory instrument indicate that valuable information on, in principal evolving, clay fabric can be measured. Features such as characteristic distance between structural units and particle orientations are obtained for a slurry and a consolidated sample of kaolinite. Combined with other promising measurement techniques from Materials Science the proposed method will help advance the contemporary understanding on the behaviour of dense colloidal systems of clay, as it does not require detrimental sample preparation

scholarly journals Energy challenges in optical access and aggregation networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 374 (2062) ◽  
pp. 20140435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Kilper ◽  
Houman Rastegarfar
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Optical Switching ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Future Internet ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Total System ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Processor Core

Scalability is a critical issue for access and aggregation networks as they must support the growth in both the size of data capacity demands and the multiplicity of access points. The number of connected devices, the Internet of Things, is growing to the tens of billions. Prevailing communication paradigms are reaching physical limitations that make continued growth problematic. Challenges are emerging in electronic and optical systems and energy increasingly plays a central role. With the spectral efficiency of optical systems approaching the Shannon limit, increasing parallelism is required to support higher capacities. For electronic systems, as the density and speed increases, the total system energy, thermal density and energy per bit are moving into regimes that become impractical to support—for example requiring single-chip processor powers above the 100 W limit common today. We examine communication network scaling and energy use from the Internet core down to the computer processor core and consider implications for optical networks. Optical switching in data centres is identified as a potential model from which scalable access and aggregation networks for the future Internet, with the application of integrated photonic devices and intelligent hybrid networking, will emerge.

Zeolates: A Coordination Chemistry View of Metal-Ligand Bonding in Intrazeolite MOCVD Type Precursors and Semiconductor Nanoclusters

1992 ◽  
Vol 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey A. Ozin ◽  
Carol L. Bowes ◽  
Mark R. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Zeolite Y ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Shape Selective

ABSTRACTVarious MOCVD (metal-organic chemical vapour deposition) type precursors and their self-assembled semiconductor nanocluster products [1] have been investigated in zeolite Y hosts. From analysis of in situ observations (FTIR, UV-vis reflectance, Mössbauer, MAS-NMR) of the reaction sequences and structural features of the precursors and products (EXAFS and Rietveld refinement of powder XRD data) the zeolite is viewed as providing a macrospheroidal, multidendate coordination environment towards encapsulated guests. By thinking about the α- and β-cages of the zeolite Y host effectively as a zeolate ligand composed of interconnected aluminosilicate “crown ether-like” building blocks, the materials chemist is able to better understand and exploit the reactivity and coordination properties of the zeolite internal surface for the anchoring and self-assembly of a wide range of encapsulated guests. This approach helps with the design of synthetic strategies for creating novel guest-host inclusion compounds having possible applications in areas of materials science such as nonlinear optics, quantum electronics, and size/shape selective catalysis.

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