scholarly journals Phytophthora Diseases in Ghana: Threats, Management Options and Prospects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Adomako ◽  
Stephen Larbi-Koranteng ◽  
Frederick Kankam ◽  
Yaw Danso ◽  
Jerry Fenteng Asamoah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Phytophthora Spp ◽  
Production Economic

Ghana’s agricultural economy is largely dominated by the crop subsector with much focus on the production of tree, arable and vegetable crops. Nevertheless, Phytophthora spp. are major threat to the production of these crops contributing significantly to yield reduction. In this review, the main focus will be to look at the threats the pathogen poses to production, economic importance of Phytophthora diseases, highlights some Phytophthora diseases with limited research in the country but have the potential of affecting crop production, management options and the prospect of developing and deploying biological control strategies considered environmentally friendlier and devoid of human health risks to reduce the effect of this pathogen on crop production as well as reducing the dependency on chemical control option.

scholarly journals Peach Brown Rot: Still in Search of an Ideal Management Option

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitus Ikechukwu Obi ◽  
Juan José Barriuso ◽  
Yolanda Gogorcena
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Management Option ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Post Harvest Loss

The peach is one of the most important global tree crops within the economically important Rosaceae family. The crop is threatened by numerous pests and diseases, especially fungal pathogens, in the field, in transit, and in the store. More than 50% of the global post-harvest loss has been ascribed to brown rot disease, especially in peach late-ripening varieties. In recent years, the disease has been so manifest in the orchards that some stone fruits were abandoned before harvest. In Spain, particularly, the disease has been associated with well over 60% of fruit loss after harvest. The most common management options available for the control of this disease involve agronomical, chemical, biological, and physical approaches. However, the effects of biochemical fungicides (biological and conventional fungicides), on the environment, human health, and strain fungicide resistance, tend to revise these control strategies. This review aims to comprehensively compile the information currently available on the species of the fungus Monilinia, which causes brown rot in peach, and the available options to control the disease. The breeding for brown rot-resistant varieties remains an ideal management option for brown rot disease control, considering the uniqueness of its sustainability in the chain of crop production.

Bok Choy, an Asian Leafy Green Vegetable Emerging in Florida

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (6) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Hai Liu ◽  
Guodong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Green Vegetable ◽  
General Overview

Asian vegetable crops are rapidly expanding in Florida in the last decade due to their health benefits combined with their high profitability. These crops can help increase vegetable growers’ income and diversify Florida’s crop production, and they are new to most Floridians. This new 5-page article provides a general overview of bok choy for vegetable growers, crop consultants, certified crop advisors, Extension agents, and graduate students. Written by Hai Liu and Guodong Liu and published by the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1337

scholarly journals Marine Organisms for the Sustainable Management of Plant Parasitic Nematodes

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
Pasqua Veronico ◽  
Maria Teresa Melillo
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Growth Stimulants ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant parasitic nematodes are annually responsible for the loss of 10%–25% of worldwide crop production, most of which is attributable to root-knot nematodes (RKNs) that infest a wide range of agricultural crops throughout the world. Current nematode control tools are not enough to ensure the effective management of these parasites, mainly due to the severe restrictions imposed on the use of chemical pesticides. Therefore, it is important to discover new potential nematicidal sources that are suitable for the development of additional safe and effective control strategies. In the last few decades, there has been an explosion of information about the use of seaweeds as plant growth stimulants and potential nematicides. Novel bioactive compounds have been isolated from marine cyanobacteria and sponges in an effort to find their application outside marine ecosystems and in the discovery of new drugs. Their potential as antihelmintics could also be exploited to find applicability against plant parasitic nematodes. The present review focuses on the activity of marine organisms on RKNs and their potential application as safe nematicidal agents.

scholarly journals Quantifying the impact of land degradation on crop production: the case of Senegal

Solid Earth ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. J. S. Sonneveld ◽  
M. A. Keyzer ◽  
D. Ndiaye
Keyword(s):  
Land Degradation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Land degradation has been a persistent problem in Senegal for more than a century and by now has become a serious impediment to long-term development. In this paper, we quantify the impact of land degradation on crop yields using the results of a nationwide land degradation assessment. For this, the study needs to address two issues. First, the land degradation assessment comprises qualitative expert judgements that have to be converted into more objective, quantitative terms. We propose a land degradation index and assess its plausibility. Second, observational data on soils, land use, and rainfall do not provide sufficient information to isolate the impact of land degradation. We, therefore, design a pseudo-experiment that for sites with otherwise similar circumstances compares the yield of a site with and one without land degradation. This pairing exercise is conducted under a gradual refining of the classification of circumstances, until a more or less stable response to land degradation is obtained. In this way, we hope to have controlled sufficiently for confounding variables that will bias the estimation of the impact of land degradation on crop yields. A small number of shared characteristics reveal tendencies of "severe" land degradation levels being associated with declining yields as compared to similar sites with "low" degradation levels. However, as we zoom in at more detail some exceptions come to the fore, in particular in areas without fertilizer application. Yet, our overall conclusion is that yield reduction is associated with higher levels of land degradation, irrespective of whether fertilizer is being applied or not.

Italian Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum) Management Options in Winter Wheat in Oklahoma

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad S. Trusler ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper ◽  
Amanda E. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Spike Density ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

An experiment was conducted at three sites in central Oklahoma to compare the efficacy of Italian ryegrass management options in no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) winter wheat. The Italian ryegrass management options included selected herbicide treatments, wheat-for-hay, and a rotation consisting of double-crop soybean seeded immediately after wheat harvest, followed by early season soybean, and then by wheat. In continuous wheat, before application of glyphosate or tillage, Italian ryegrass plant densities in mid-September were 12,300 to 15,000 plants/m2in NT plots vs. 0 to 500 plants/m2in CT plots. When applied POST, diclofop controlled more Italian ryegrass than tralkoxydim or sulfosulfuron. In continuous wheat, yields were greater in CT plots than in NT plots at two of three sites. None of the Italian ryegrass management options consistently reduced Italian ryegrass density in the following wheat crop. Of the Italian ryegrass control strategies applied to continuous wheat, three herbicide treatments in NT at Chickasha and all treatments in NT at Perry reduced Italian ryegrass density in the following wheat crop. Italian ryegrass plant density in November and spike density were highly related to wheat yield at two and three sites, respectively. No management options were more profitable than rotation to soybean.

scholarly journals Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Emerging as an Effective Bioinoculant to Improve the Growth, Production and Stress Tolerance of Vegetable Crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12245
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Ved Prakash Giri ◽  
Shipra Pandey ◽  
Anmol Gupta ◽  
Manish Kumar Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Vegetable cultivation is a promising economic activity, and vegetable consumption is important for human health due to the high nutritional content of vegetables. Vegetables are rich in vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, and several phytochemical compounds. However, the production of vegetables is insufficient to meet the demand of the ever-increasing population. Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) facilitate the growth and production of vegetable crops by acquiring nutrients, producing phytohormones, and protecting them from various detrimental effects. In this review, we highlight well-developed and cutting-edge findings focusing on the role of a PGPR-based bioinoculant formulation in enhancing vegetable crop production. We also discuss the role of PGPR in promoting vegetable crop growth and resisting the adverse effects arising from various abiotic (drought, salinity, heat, heavy metals) and biotic (fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and insect pests) stresses.

scholarly journals A Composite Analysis of Flowering Time Regulation in Lettuce

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongkui Han ◽  
Maria José Truco ◽  
Dean O. Lavelle ◽  
Richard W. Michelmore
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Functional Inference ◽  
Delayed Flowering

Plants undergo profound physiological changes when transitioning from vegetative to reproductive growth. These changes affect crop production, as in the case of leafy vegetables. Lettuce is one of the most valuable leafy vegetable crops in the world. Past genetic studies have identified multiple quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that affect the timing of the floral transition in lettuce. Extensive functional molecular studies in the model organism Arabidopsis provide the opportunity to transfer knowledge to lettuce to explore the mechanisms through which genetic variations translate into changes in flowering time. In this review, we integrated results from past genetic and molecular studies for flowering time in lettuce with orthology and functional inference from Arabidopsis. This summarizes the basis for all known genetic variation underlying the phenotypic diversity of flowering time in lettuce and how the genetics of flowering time in lettuce projects onto the established pathways controlling flowering time in plants. This comprehensive overview reveals patterns across experiments as well as areas in need of further study. Our review also represents a resource for developing cultivars with delayed flowering time.

scholarly journals Trends of development of agricultural enterprises specializing in plant production in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Maryna POLENKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Agricultural Potential ◽  
Berry Crops ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

The paper defines the structural distribution of sown area of crops. The dynamics of production of cereals and legumes, sugar beets, sunflowers, potatoes, vegetables, fruits and berries. The clustering of regions of Ukraine under similar conditions of development of the enterprises of the agricultural sector specializing in crop production is carried out. According to the results of the analysis, 3 clusters were identified, which gave rise to the possibility of forming (developing) joint effective organizational and economic mechanisms to enhance the development of crop enterprises, favorable for implementation within the cluster. In the course of this study, we focus on the development trends of enterprises specializing in crop products. The lion's share (54.7 %) of sown areas falls on cereals and legumes. Technical crops occupy, which is 32.6 %, and potatoes, vegetables and melons – 6.5 %. It is important to note the long-term positive dynamics of production of cereals and legumes and the growth of production can be traced to all categories of farms – in farms and households. The production of sunflower and vegetable crops was also marked by positive dynamics. The decrease was observed in the production of sugar beets, potatoes, fruit and berry crops. In the context of the study, it is important to identify similar conditions (environment, resources, etc.) for the development of agricultural enterprises between the regions of Ukraine. For this purpose, multifactor statistical analysis (cluster analysis) of key factors of their development was used on the basis of a matrix of 25 selected indicators of development of enterprises specializing in crop production in all regions (600 indicators). To enhance the objectivity of the results, the analysis was conducted in 2010, 2015 and 2019. According to the results of the analysis, taxonomic groups (clusters) were singled out, which made it possible to single out similar regional conditions within each group. Since 2010, there have been significant changes in the regional distribution of Ukraine's agricultural potential. However, during 2015–2019 there is a relative stability in terms of resource provision and use within specific clusters. According to the results of the analysis, three clusters are distinguished: I. Volyn, Zakarpattia, Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv, Rivne, Chernivtsi, as well as Donetsk and Luhansk regions. II. Dnipropetrovsk, Zhytomyr, Zaporizhia, Kyiv, Mykolaiv, Odesa, Ternopil, Kharkiv, Kherson, Khmelnytsky regions. III. Vinnytsia, Kirovohrad, Poltava, Sumy, Cherkasy and Chernihiv regions.

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