Comparison of the History of Food Intakes of Diabetic, Hypertension, and Heart Disease Patients with Clinical Symptoms of COVID-19 and Asymptomatic Controls

Background: In recent months, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a global health challenge. Nutrition is a determining factor for health. Objectives: In the present research, we assessed and compared dietary food groups and nutrient supplements intake of diabetic, hypertensive, and heart disease patients with clinical symptoms of COVID-19 and asymptomatic controls. Methods: This retrospective case-control research was conducted on 98 patients with diabetes, hypertension, and/or heart disease, of whom 37 cases were COVID-19 positive with clinical symptoms. Dietary intakes of participants were recorded using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), which was designed and validated for the Iranian population. Results: We found that 54% of all subjects had consumed nutritional supplements in the last six months, and there was no significant difference in the type of nutritional supplements between cases and controls. There was no significant difference in the median intake of food groups in the last year in patients with metabolic syndrome and clinical symptoms of COVID-19 compared to controls. The CRUD odds ratio (OR) showed that adequate consumption of any food group was not associated with the occurrence of COVID-19. Conclusions: Although dietary intake and nutritional supplements are effective in preventing clinical symptoms of COVID-19, up to now, adequate data are available for recommending these supplements above the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for the prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19.

Download Full-text

Comparison of Food Intakes of Diabetes, Hypertension and Heart Disease Patients with Clinical Symptoms of COVID-19 and Asymptomatic Controls.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-84142/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Houra Mohseni ◽

Shirin Amini ◽

Behnaz Abiri ◽

Mojtaba Kalantar

Keyword(s):

Heart Disease ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Nutritional Supplements ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Food Groups ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Nutrient Supplements ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Control Research

Abstract Background: In recent months, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global health challenge. Nutrition is a key determining factor of health. In the present research, we assess and compare dietary food groups and nutrient supplements intake of diabetic, hypertensive and heart disease patients with clinical symptoms of COVID-19 and asymptomatic controls.Methods: This retrospective case-control research was conducted on 98 patients with diabetes, hypertension, and/or heart disease that 37 of them were COVID-19 positive with clinical symptoms. Dietary intakes of participants were recorded using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), which was designed and validated for the Iranian population.Results: 54% of all subjects had nutritional supplements consumption in the last 6 months, and there was no significant difference in the type of nutritional supplements between cases and controls. There was no significant difference in the median intake of food groups, in the last year, in metabolic syndrome patients with clinical symptoms of COVID-19 compared to controls. Crud OR shown, adequate consumption of any food groups was not associated with the occurrence of COVID-19. Conclusion: While dietary intake and nutritional supplements may be excellent promise for preventing clinical symptoms of COVID-19, however, up to now, researches are not enough for recommending these supplements above the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19.

Download Full-text

Comparison of Food Intakes of Diabetes, Hypertension and Heart Disease Patients with Clinical Symptoms of COVID-19 and Asymptomatic Controls.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-84142/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Houra Mohseni ◽

Shirin Amini ◽

Behnaz Abiri ◽

Mojtaba Kalantar

Keyword(s):

Heart Disease ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Nutritional Supplements ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Food Groups ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Nutrient Supplements ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Control Research

Download Full-text

Inadequate Dietary Intakes: Among Pregnant Women

Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research ◽

10.3148/73.2.2012.72 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 72-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Jennifer K. Fowler ◽

Susan E. Evers ◽

M. Karen Campbell

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Food Group ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Food Groups ◽

Eating Behaviours ◽

Prenatal Health ◽

Canadian City ◽

Minimum Number ◽

Health Project

Purpose: Eating behaviours were assessed among pregnant women in a mid-sized Canadian city. Methods: As part of the Prenatal Health Project, we interviewed 2313 pregnant women in London, Ontario. Subjects also completed a food frequency questionnaire. Recruitment took place in ultrasound clinics at 10 to 22 weeks of gestation. The main outcome measures were number of daily servings for each food group, measured against the minimum number recommended by the 2007 Eating Well with Canada’s Food Guide (CFG), the proportion of women consuming the recommended number of servings for each and all of the four food groups, and factors associated with adequate consumption. We also determined the number of servings of “other foods.” Analysis included descriptive statistics and logistic regression, all at p<0.05. Results: A total of 3.5% of women consumed the recommended number of servings for all four food groups; 15.3% did not consume the minimum number of servings of foods for any of the four food groups. Women for whom this was their first pregnancy were less likely to consume the recommended number of servings from all four food groups (odds ratio=0.41; confidence interval=0.23, 0.74). Conclusions: Very few pregnant women consumed food group servings consistent with the 2007 recommendations. Strategies to improve dietary behaviours must focus on the establishment of healthy eating behaviours among women of reproductive age.

Download Full-text

Underreporting of energy intake among Japanese women aged 18–20 years and its association with reported nutrient and food group intakes

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1079/phn2004635 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 911-917 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Hitomi Okubo ◽

Satoshi Sasaki

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Rate ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Basal Metabolic Rate ◽

Food Group ◽

Young Female ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Food Groups ◽

Female Population ◽

Reporting Accuracy ◽

Diet History Questionnaire

AbstractObjectives:To evaluate the ratio of energy intake to basal metabolic rate (EI/BMR) among young female Japanese adults, and to compare the lifestyle and dietary characteristics between relatively low and high reporters.Design:Dietary intakes were assessed over a 1-month period with a validated, self-administered, diet history questionnaire, and lifestyle variables were assessed by a second questionnaire designed for this survey. The ratio of EI/BMR was calculated from reported energy intake and estimated basal metabolic rate.Subjects:In total, 1889 female Japanese university students aged 18–20 years who were enrolled in dietetics courses.Results:Ninety-five per cent of the subjects were classified into a non-obese group (body mass index (BMI) <25 kg m−2; mean±standard deviation (SD): 20.8±2.6 kg m−2). EI/BMR was 1.43±0.40 (mean±SD). Sixty-eight per cent of the subjects showed an EI/BMR level below the possibly balanced value of 1.56, 37% showed EI/BMR below the minimum survival value of 1.27 and 2% of the subjects showed EI/BMR exceeding the maximum value for a sustainable lifestyle of 2.4. BMI, body weight and BMR decreased significantly with the increase in EI/BMR (P<0.001). The percentage of energy from carbohydrate was significantly higher, whereas those from fat and protein were significantly lower, among the lower EI/BMR groups. As for food groups, a significantly declining trend from the lowest to the highest EI/BMR groups was observed for cereals.Conclusion:Underreporting, rather than overreporting, of energy intake was predominant in this relatively lean Japanese female population. BMI was the most important factor affecting the reporting accuracy of energy intake.

Download Full-text

Energy, Nutrient and Food Intakes of Male Shift Workers Vary According to the Schedule Type but Not the Number of Nights Worked

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12040919 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 919

Author(s):

Sophie Bucher Della Torre ◽

Pascal Wild ◽

Victor Dorribo ◽

Brigitta Danuser ◽

Francesca Amati

Keyword(s):

Eating Habits ◽

Night Shift ◽

Food Group ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Food Groups ◽

Shift Workers ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Schedule Type ◽

Night Shifts

Shift work is associated with increased risk of chronic diseases due to circadian rhythm disruptions and behavioral changes such as in eating habits. Impact of type of shifts and number of night shifts on energy, nutrient and food intake is as yet unknown. Our goal was to analyze shift workers’ dietary intake, eating behavior and eating structure, with respect to frequency of nights worked in a given week and seven schedule types. Eating habits and dietary intakes of 65 male shift workers were analyzed in three steps based on 365 24-h food records: (1) according to the number of nights, (2) in a pooled analysis according to schedule type, and (3) in search of an interaction of the schedule and the timing of intake. Mean nutrient and food group intake during the study period did not depend on the number of nights worked. Amount and distribution of energy intake as well as quality of food, in terms of nutrient and food groups, differed depending on the type of schedule, split night shifts and recovery day (day after night shift) being the most impacted. Shift workers’ qualitative and quantitative dietary intakes varied between different schedules, indicating the need for tailored preventive interventions.

Download Full-text

Canadians’ Dietary Intake from 2007 to 2011 and across Different Sociodemographic/Lifestyle Factors Using the Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycles 1 and 2

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2019/2831969 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zeinab Hosseini ◽

Susan J. Whiting ◽

Hassan Vatanparast

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Food Group ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Food Groups ◽

Milk Products ◽

Objective Health ◽

Health Measures ◽

Canadian Health ◽

Vegetables And Fruits ◽

Canadian Health Measures Survey

Background. Nutrition is an important factor that impacts health, yet in Canada, there have been only a few surveys reflecting dietary intakes. The Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) is a national survey that includes both food intake data as targeted questions and objective health measures. The aim of this research was to determine how food group intake data reported in CHMS is related to food group intakes from Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) (2004). A secondary objective was to examine the dietary status of Canadians across sociodemographic levels. Methods. The CHMS Cycles 1 and 2 food group intake data (meat and alternatives; milk products; grains; vegetables and fruits; dietary fat consumption; and beverages) of Canadians (6–79 years, n=11,387) were descriptively compared to previously reported intake of Canadians from CCHS 2.2 in 2004. Further, Canadians’ food intakes were assessed across sociodemographic characteristics. Results. The CHMS dietary intake data from vegetables and fruits and from milk products groups were similar to the dietary intake reported from CCHS 2.2. For the other food groups, the difference in intakes suggested CHMS data by FFQ were not complete. However, similar patterns in food intakes with regards to age/sex and income were observed in both surveys. Conclusion. Not all food groups measured in CHMS provide complete dietary intake data as compared to CCHS 2.2, yet CHMS food group intakes provide valuable information when it comes to evaluating dietary intake across different population groups.

Download Full-text

Development and Validation of Food Frequency Questionnaire for Food and Nutrient Intake of Adults in Butajira, Southern Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-26794/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ilili Feyesa ◽

Bilal S Endris ◽

Esete Habtemariam ◽

Hamid Y Hassen ◽

Seifu H Gebreyesus

Keyword(s):

Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽

Vitamin B1 ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Food Group ◽

Rank Test ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Food Groups ◽

Food Frequency ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Total Fat

Abstract Background: To date, there is no culture-specific and validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) available in Ethiopia. We developed a FFQ and evaluated its validity as compared to estimates of a food group and nutrient intakes derived from two 24-Hour Dietary Recalls (24-HRs).Method: The FFQ has a total of 89 food items. A total of 105 adults aged 20–65 years participated in this study. Wilcoxon- signed rank test, Spearman’s correlation, Cross-classification, kappa, and Bland-Altman analysis were used to validate food group intakes and nutrients derived from FFQ against two 24-HRs.Results: Mean energy and macronutrient intakes obtained from the FFQ were significantly higher than those obtained from the mean of two 24-HRs. For energy and macronutrients, the correlation between two instruments ranged from 0.05 (total fat) to 0.32 (carbohydrate). Whereas, for micronutrients it ranged from 0.1 (calcium) to 0.49 (vitamin B1). Visual inspection of the Bland-Altman plots for both energy and macronutrients shows no consistent trend across the intake values. For the majority of the food groups, no significant difference was observed in median intake of foods and nutrients between 24-HRs and FFQ. Correlation coefficients for food groups ranged from 0.12 (egg) to 0.78 (legumes). The FFQ showed a fair classification agreement with the 24-HRs for cereals, legumes, and roots and tubers intakes. A systematic trend of overestimation for roots and tubers and under estimation of beverage intakes at higher values was observed when we used FFQ.Conclusion: The FFQ is valid to assess and rank individuals in terms of intakes of most food groups according to high and low intake categories. However, estimates of roots and tuber and beverages should be interpreted with caution.

Download Full-text

Lunch on School Days in Canada: Examining Contributions to Nutrient and Food Group Intakes and Differences Across Eating Locations

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa061_125 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1497-1497

Author(s):

Claire Tugault-Lafleur ◽

Jennifer Black

Keyword(s):

Canadian Community Health Survey ◽

Food Group ◽

Whole Grains ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Food Groups ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Dark Green ◽

Sugary Beverages ◽

Fluid Milk

Abstract Objectives Recent federal proposals in Canada have called for changes in the delivery and funding of school lunches. Yet little evidence has documented the nutritional quality of meals eaten by school children needed to inform school lunch reforms. This study assessed the dietary contributions of lunch foods to daily food and nutrient intakes on school days and compared dietary intakes across eating locations (school, home, and off-campus). Methods Nationally representative 24-hour dietary recall data were obtained from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition (n = 2540 children aged 6–17 years). Descriptive statistics were used to assess the % of daily energy, nutrients and food groups contributed by lunch foods. Multivariable age-stratified linear regression models examined differences in lunch-time consumption of energy, food groups and nutrients across eating locations. Results On average, foods reported at lunch provided ∼26% of daily calories. Relative to energy, lunch foods provided lower contributions of: dark green and orange vegetables, whole fruit, fruit juice, whole grains, milk and alternatives, fluid milk, minimally nutritious foods including sugary beverages, and several related nutrients including total sugars, vitamins A, D, B6, and B12, riboflavin, calcium, magnesium and potassium. Yet, lunch foods provided proportionally higher contributions of grain products, non-whole grains, meat and alternatives and sodium. Children aged 14–17 years who ate lunch at school reported higher intakes of total vegetables and fruit, whole fruit, whole grains, fiber, vitamin C, and magnesium but reported fewer calories from sugary beverages compared to their peers who ate lunch off-campus. Conclusions Relative to its contribution to energy, lunch on school days contributed to proportionally lower intakes of many healthful foods (dark green and orange vegetables, whole fruit, whole grains and fluid milk), but also proportionally lower intakes of sugary beverages. This study adds to the growing body of evidence on dietary concerns during school-time for Canadian children and highlights particular challenges for adolescents consuming lunch off-campus. Funding Sources Canadian Institutes of Health Research (FRN 151,549).

Download Full-text

Food sources and correlates of sodium and potassium intakes in Flemish pre-school children

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980011002497 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 1039-1046 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Inge Huybrechts ◽

Willem De Keyzer ◽

Yi Lin ◽

Stefanie Vandevijvere ◽

Carine Vereecken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

School Children ◽

Meat Products ◽

Food Group ◽

Food Sources ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Food Groups ◽

Diet Records ◽

Fried Potatoes ◽

Low K

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to investigate dietary sources of Na and K intakes among Flemish pre-school children using multiple linear regression analyses.DesignThree-day estimated diet records were used to assess dietary intakes. The contribution to Na and K intakes of fifty-seven food groups was computed by summing the amount provided by the food group for all individuals divided by the total intake for all individuals.SettingA random cluster sampling design at the level of schools, stratified by province and age, was used.SubjectsA representative sample of 696 Flemish pre-school children aged 2·5–6·5 years was recruited.ResultsMean Na intake was above and mean K intake was largely below the recommendation for children. Bread (22 %) and soup (13 %) were main contributors to Na intake followed by cold meat cuts and other meat products (12 % and 11 %, respectively). Sugared milk drinks, fried potatoes, milk and fruit juices were the main K sources (13 %, 12 %, 11 % and 11 %, respectively). Although Na and K intakes were positively correlated, several food categories showed Na:K intake ratio well above one (water, cheeses, soup, butter/margarine, fast foods and light beverages) whereas others presented a ratio well below one (oil & fat, fruits & juices, potatoes, vegetables and hot beverages).ConclusionsFlemish pre-school children had too high Na and too low K intakes. The finding that main dietary sources of Na and K are clearly different indicates the feasibility of simultaneously decreasing Na and increasing K intake among children.

Download Full-text

Total-diet study: dietary intakes of macro elements and trace elements in Italy

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn2003997 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 90 (6) ◽

pp. 1117-1121 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Ginevra Lombardi-Boccia ◽

Altero Aguzzi ◽

Marsilio Cappelloni ◽

Giuseppe Di Lullo ◽

Massimo Lucarini

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Food Group ◽

Italian Population ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Food Groups ◽

Fish Food ◽

Macro Elements ◽

Total Diet ◽

Daily Intakes

The present study provides the dietary intakes of macro elements (Ca, Mg, Na, K, P) and trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Se) from the Italian total diet. The contribution of the most representative food groups of the total diet (cereals and cereal products, vegetables, fruit, milk and dairy products, meat and meat products, fish) to the daily intakes of these nutrients was also evaluated. The Italian total diet was formulated following the ‘market-basket’ approach. Cereals represented the primary sources of Cu (35 %), Fe (30 %) and Mg (27 %). About 89 % of the total daily intake of Fe was derived from plant foods. The vegetables food group was the main source of dietary K (27 %). Most of the Ca (59 %) and P (27 %) was derived from the milk-and-dairy food group. Of the dietary Zn, 41 % was provided by meat, which, together with the fish food group, was the primary source of Se (20 %). The adequacy of the Italian total diet with respect to nutritional elements was assessed by comparing the daily intakes with the average requirement values of the Italian recommended dietary allowances. The present findings indicated that the dietary patterns of the Italian total diet were generally consistent with current Italian dietary recommendations for both macro and trace elements. The major concern was for Ca, for which daily intake was 76 % of the average recommendation for the Italian population. It should not be ruled out that there could be a potential risk of inadequate Fe intake in some segments of the population.

Download Full-text