Glycemic Index (GI) Values for Major Sources of Dietary Carbohydrates in Iran

Background: The glycemic index (GI) values of staple foods are not available in a standardized method in Iran. Objectives: The aim of this study was to measure the GI values of the major carbohydrate sources in a typical Iranian diet. Methods: Using the international standard method, the GI values were determined for four wheat flatbreads, barley and rye bread, white and brown rice, as well as white and brown rice mixed with lentils. Twelve healthy adults were given 50 g anhydrous glucose three times (as the reference carbohydrate) and the test foods once each throughout the study. Using finger-prick blood samples, capillary blood glucose was measured using a reliable glucometer. The GI was calculated using the trapezoidal method. Results: The GI values of the following types of bread were: Barley 66, Lavash 72, Taftoon 79, Sangak 82, rye 84, and Barbari 99. The GI values for brown and white rice were 65 and 71, respectively. The mixture of brown rice with lentils had a GI value of 55, and the mixture of white rice with lentils had a GI of 79. Conclusions: The most common types of bread and white rice consumed in Iran have high GI values. There is potential to reduce the overall GI values in the Iranian diet by encouraging the consumption of barley bread and brown rice.

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White Rice Glycemic Index Measured in Venous and Capillary Blood Samples

Food Science and Technology Research ◽

10.3136/fstr.23.297 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 297-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chiao-Hsin Yang ◽

Chia-Wei Chang ◽

Jenshinn Lin

Keyword(s):

Glycemic Index ◽

Capillary Blood ◽

Blood Samples ◽

White Rice

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Dynamics of Texture Change and in Vitro Starch Digestibility with High-Pressure, Freeze-Thaw Cycle, and Germination-Parboiling Treatments of Brown Rice

Transactions of the ASABE ◽

10.13031/trans.13805 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 103-115

Author(s):

Hao Wang ◽

Songming Zhu ◽

Hosahalli S. Ramaswamy ◽

Yang Du ◽

Yong Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Glycemic Index ◽

Amylose Content ◽

Brown Rice ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

White Rice ◽

Freeze Thaw ◽

Thaw Cycle ◽

Freeze Thaw Cycle

HighlightsFreeze-thaw cycle (FTC) treated brown rice texture was much closer to white rice texture.Both high-pressure (HP) and FTC treatment helped to moderate the bran layer of brown rice.FTC treatment of brown rice resulted in higher conversion to resistant starch.The glycemic index of treated rice correlated positively with the amylose/amylopectin ratio.Abstract. High-pressure (HP), freeze-thaw cycle (FTC), and germination-parboiling (GP) treatments were used to improve the texture characteristics and in vitro digestibility of starch in brown rice (BR). The texture of FTC-treated BR was the closest to the texture of white rice. Improved water absorption ratio, HP and FTC induced modification of the bran layer, and GP induced partial starch gelatinization were considered to be responsible for improving the texture of BR. All treatments improved the in vitro digestibility of BR starch, and FTC < HP < GP with respect to the order of increase. FTC treatment also resulted in the minimal glycemic index (GI), while GP treatment resulted in higher GI. In general, the amylose content was lower for untreated BR than for treated BR. Further, the HP, GP, and FTC treatments showed improved amylose/amylopectin ratios. HP and GP decreased the gelatinization enthalpy, while FTC increased it. GI had a positive correlation with amylose content and amylose/amylopectin ratio, while gelatinization enthalpy had a negative correlation. Keywords: Brown rice, Freeze-thaw cycle, Germination-parboiling, High pressure, Starch in vitro digestibility, Texture.

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Variation in haemoglobin measurement across different HemoCue devices and device operators in rural Cambodia

Journal of Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1136/jclinpath-2017-204351 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 70 (7) ◽

pp. 615-618 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Aviva I Rappaport ◽

Susan I Barr ◽

Timothy J Green ◽

Crystal D Karakochuk

Keyword(s):

Blood Sample ◽

Capillary Blood ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Time Points ◽

Point Of Use ◽

Finger Prick ◽

Capillary Blood Sample ◽

Haemoglobin Measurement ◽

Registration Number ◽

Hb Concentration

Point-of-use haemoglobinometers, such as the HemoCue, are a common method to measure haemoglobin (Hb) concentration in field settings as the device is portable, requires only a small finger-prick capillary blood sample and computes an immediate Hb reading. The aim of this study was to compare Hb measurements across different HemoCue devices and across device operators using capillary blood samples collected from women during a trial in rural Cambodia. We compared mean±SD capillary Hb concentration (g/L) across n=12 different HemoCue Hb 301 devices and across n=9 device operators among 2846 Cambodian women. Significant variability in mean Hb concentration was observed across HemoCue devices (means ranged from 117 to 124 g/L) and across device operators (means ranged from 118 to 124 g/L). This variability is of particular concern when a single HemoCue device or device operator is used at different time points in surveys or research trials.Trial registration numberNCT02481375

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Comparison of Glucose Values of Blood Samples Taken in Three Different Ways

Clinical Nursing Research ◽

10.1177/1054773817719379 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 436-455 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tulay Sagkal Midilli ◽

Eda Ergın ◽

Ebru Baysal ◽

Zeki Arı

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Middle Finger ◽

Blood Glucose Measurement ◽

Capillary Blood ◽

Glucose Measurement ◽

Capillary Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Left Hand ◽

The Right

The purpose of the study was to determine differences and correlations between the blood glucose values of venous blood and the first and second drops of capillary blood samples taken in three different ways. Blood samples were (a) venous blood, (b) the first and second drops of capillary blood from the middle finger of the right hand (only washed with soap and water), and (c) the first and second drops of capillary blood from the middle finger of the left hand (washed with soap and water and cleaned with alcohol). It was concluded that the fasting capillary blood glucose values could be used in place of venous blood glucose values, that only washing the hands with neutral soap and water for 30 s could be sufficient for capillary blood glucose measurement, and that the first or second blood drop from a clean hand could be used for capillary blood glucose measurement.

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Potential of Dried Blood Self-Sampling for CyclosporineC2Monitoring in Transplant Outpatients

Journal of Transplantation ◽

10.1155/2010/201918 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Alexander Benedikt Leichtle ◽

Uta Ceglarek ◽

Helmut Witzigmann ◽

Gábor Gäbel ◽

Joachim Thiery ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Dried Blood Spots ◽

Capillary Blood ◽

Blood Sampling ◽

Therapeutic Drug ◽

Blood Collection ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Drug Levels ◽

Finger Prick

Background. Close therapeutic drug monitoring of Cyclosporine (CsA) in transplant outpatients is a favourable procedure to maintain the long-term blood drug levels within their respective narrow therapeutic ranges. Compared to basal levels (C0), CsA peak levels (C2) are more predictive for transplant rejection. However, the application ofC2levels is hampered by the precise time of blood sampling and the need of qualified personnel. Therefore, we evaluated a newC2self-obtained blood sampling in transplant outpatients using dried capillary and venous blood samples and compared the CsA levels, stability, and clinical practicability of the different procedures.Methods. 55 solid organ transplant recipients were instructed to use single-handed sampling of each 50μL capillary blood and dried blood spots by finger prick using standard finger prick devices. We used standardized EDTA-coated capillary blood collection systems and standardized filter paper WS 903. CsA was determined by LC-MS/MS. The patients and technicians also answered a questionnaire on the procedure and sample quality.Results. TheC0andC2levels from capillary blood collection systems (C0[ng/mL]:114.5±44.5;C2:578.2±222.2) and capillary dried blood (C0[ng/mL]:175.4±137.7;C2:743.1±368.1) significantly(P<.01)correlated with the drug levels of the venous blood samples (C0[ng/mL]:97.8±37.4;C2:511.2±201.5). The correlation atC0wasρcap.-ven.= 0.749, andρdried blood-ven= 0.432; atC2: ρcap.-ven.= 0.861 andρdried blood-ven= 0.711. The patients preferred the dried blood sampling because of the more simple and less painful procedure. Additionally, the sample quality of self-obtained dried blood spots for LC-MS/MS analytics was superior to the respective capillary blood samples.Conclusions.C2self-obtained dried blood sampling can easily be performed by transplant outpatients and is therefore suitable and cost-effective for close therapeutic drug monitoring.

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Correlation between Levels of Sulcular and Capillary Blood Glucose

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jcdp-10-2-10 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 10-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Amir Moeintaghavi ◽

Mohammad Reza Talebi Ardakani ◽

Ahmad Haerian ◽

Mohammad Afkhami Ardakani ◽

Mahdi Hashemzadeh

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Capillary Blood ◽

Periodontal Pocket ◽

Gingival Tissue ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Capillary Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Blood Glucose Levels

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between capillary blood glucose levels (CBGLs) and sulcular blood glucose levels (SBGLs) using blood obtained from gingival tissue during routine periodontal examinations to determine if sulcular blood samples can be used as a non-invasive means to diagnosis blood glucose levels. Methods and Materials Thirty non-diabetics and 30 diabetic patients with moderate to severe periodontitis were included in the study and subjected to routine clinical periodontal examinations. Blood was collected using a 1.6-1.8 mm diameter micro bite collection tube to transport the sample from the gingival sulci of anterior teeth following periodontal pocket probing to a test strip of a glucose self-monitoring device. As a control, capillary blood was taken with a finger-stick. Statistical analysis was performed using the Pearson's correlation coefficient and a t-test. Results The blood glucose levels in patients ranged from 58 mg/dl to 477 mg/dl, and the values of blood samples taken from gingival sulcus or finger tip of the same patient showed a very high intra-patient correlation (r =0.99, p< 0.0001). Conclusion The results of this study suggest sulcular blood from a routine periodontal examination may be used for diabetes mellitus screening. Clinical Significance Considering 50% of diabetics remain undiagnosed, testing sulcular blood may provide a suitable method for identifying potential diabetic patients during routine dental visits since there is a correlation with capillary blood. Appropriate referrals to a physician can then be made when warranted. Citation Ardakani MRT, Moeintaghavi A, Haerian A, Ardakani MA, Hashemzadeh M. Correlation between Levels of Sulcular and Capillary Blood Glucose. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 March; (10)2:010-017.

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Comparison of capillary, venous and buffy coat blood samples in detecting Plasmodium species among malaria suspected patients attending at Hamusite health center. A cross-sectional study

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-06290-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Getu Abeje ◽

Woyneshet Gelaye ◽

Getaneh Alemu

Keyword(s):

Health Center ◽

Detection Rate ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Buffy Coat ◽

Blood Film ◽

Capillary Blood ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Blood Samples

Abstract Background Both capillary and venous blood samples have been interchangeably used for the diagnosis of malaria in Ethiopia. However, Plasmodium parasites are thought to be more concentrated in capillary than in venous blood. Hence, selecting a sample source where parasites are more concentrated is indispensable approach in order to maximize the accuracy of blood film microscopy. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the detection rate and the parasitemia level of Plasmodium species from conventional capillary and venous blood films, and buffy coat preparations. Methods A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from Feburary to March 2020 among 210 febrile patients attending Hamusite health center, northwest Ethiopia. Capillary and venous blood samples were collected and buffy coat was prepared from each sample. Thin and thick blood films were prepared, stained, and examined microscopically following standard protocol. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Software version 20 and Med-Calc software version 19.3. Results Capillary blood buffy coat (61/210, 29.0%) had significantly higher detection rate as compared to capillary (48/210, 22.9%) and venous (42/210, 20.0%) blood films (p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was observed between capillary and venous blood films (p = 0.070) in detecting Plasmodium species. The highest and the lowest mean asexual stage parasite counts were found in capillary blood buffy coat (4692.88) and venous blood (631.43) films, respectively showing significant variations (p < 0.001). Mean gametocyte count was also highest in capillary blood buffy coat (3958.44). As compared to capillary blood buffy coat, the sensitivity of venous blood buffy coat, capillary blood film and venous blood film were 73.8, 78.7, 68.9%, respectively. Conclusion Capillary blood buffy coat samples showed the highest sensitivity in detecting and quantitating malaria parasites that its use should be promoted in clinical settings. However, conventional capillary and venous blood films could be used interchangeably.

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Safe threshold of capillary blood glucose for predicting early future neonatal hypoglycaemia in babies born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus, an observational, retrospective cohort study

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-03973-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Esther H. G. Park ◽

Frances O’Brien ◽

Fiona Seabrook ◽

Jane Elizabeth Hirst

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Capillary Blood ◽

Capillary Blood Glucose ◽

Neonatal Hypoglycaemia

Abstract Background There is increasing pressure to get women and babies home rapidly after birth. Babies born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) currently get 24-h inpatient monitoring. We investigated whether a low-risk group of babies born to mothers with GDM could be defined for shorter inpatient hypoglycaemia monitoring. Methods Observational, retrospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary maternity hospital in 2018. Singleton, term babies born to women with GDM and no other risk factors for hypoglycaemia, were included. Capillary blood glucose (BG) testing and clinical observations for signs of hypoglycaemia during the first 24-h after birth. BG was checked in all babies before the second feed. Subsequent testing occurred if the first result was < 2.0 mmol/L, or clinical suspicion developed for hypoglycaemia. Neonatal hypoglycaemia, defined as either capillary or venous glucose ≤ 2.0 mmol/L and/or clinical signs of neonatal hypoglycaemia requiring oral or intravenous dextrose (lethargy, abnormal feeding behaviour or seizures). Results Fifteen of 106 babies developed hypoglycaemia within the first 24-h. Maternal and neonatal characteristics were not predictive. All babies with hypoglycaemia had an initial capillary BG ≤ 2.6 mmol/L (Area under the ROC curve (AUC) 0.96, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.91–1.0). This result was validated on a further 65 babies, of whom 10 developed hypoglycaemia, in the first 24-h of life. Conclusion Using the 2.6 mmol/L threshold, extended monitoring as an inpatient could have been avoided for 60% of babies in this study. Whilst prospective validation is needed, this approach could help tailor postnatal care plans for babies born to mothers with GDM.

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Effects of Different Methods Used to Take Blood Samples on Blood Glucose Measurements

Clinical Nursing Research ◽

10.1177/10547738211024782 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105477382110247

Author(s):

Eda Ergin ◽

Ayten Zaybak

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Tolerance Test ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Capillary Blood ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Measurement Results ◽

Quasi Experimental

The purpose of this study is to compare whether or not there is a difference between venous and capillary blood samples in blood glucose measurements and investigate the effects of different aseptic methods used in skin cleaning before collecting blood samples on measurement results. This quasi-experimental study was conducted with 109 patients. The capillary first and second blood drop values taken from the patients after fasting and at 2 hours following 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and capillary and venous blood glucose values were compared. There was no significant difference between the median venous blood glucose value and the capillary second blood drop value taken after wiping the finger with alcohol. There was no significant difference between the first and second blood drop values of capillary blood glucose 2 hours after OGTT.

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