scholarly journals Correlation of Anxiety with Pregnancy Symptoms and Maternal-fetal Attachment

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Solmaz Ghanbari Homaie ◽  
Sonia Hasani ◽  
Mojgan Mirghafourvand
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
General Linear Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
General Linear ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Fetal Attachment ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
Fetal Attachment

Background: Anxiety during pregnancy may affect maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) and the prevalence of pregnancy symptoms. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the correlation of anxiety with pregnancy symptoms and MFA. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 220 pregnant women in the health centers of Tabriz, Iran, in 2020. Samples were selected by the cluster sampling method. Data were collected using the socio-demographic questionnaire, Pregnancy-related Anxiety Questionnaire-revised 2 (PRAQ-R2), MFA Scale (MFAS), and Pregnancy Symptoms Inventory (PSI), all of which were completed as self-administered in the second half of pregnancy. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient and adjusted general linear model were used for data analysis. Results: The results of Pearson’s correlation showed no correlation between anxiety during pregnancy and MFA among nulliparous (r = -0.003, P = 0.976) and multiparous (r = -0.003, P = 0.712) pregnant women. However, anxiety and pregnancy symptoms were significantly correlated among nulliparous (r = 0.424, P < 0.001) and multiparous (r = 0.227, P = 0.028) pregnant women. According to the general linear model, after adjusting the socio-demographic variables, a significant correlation was observed between anxiety and pregnancy symptoms (P < 0.001), while no relationship was found between anxiety and MFA (P = 0.705). Conclusions: Given the significant correlation between anxiety and pregnancy symptoms, pregnant women with anxiety symptoms need to be screened and treated by an expert psychological team if their disorder is confirmed.

scholarly journals Maternal-Fetal Attachment and its Sociodemographic Determinants in Women With Unplanned Pregnancy

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ekrami ◽  
Mojgan Mirghafourvand ◽  
Sakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh Charandabi ◽  
Jalil Babapour Kheyradin
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
General Linear Model ◽  
General Linear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Maternal Fetal Attachment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fetal Attachment

Objectives: Attachment to the fetus is formed before the birth and stronger prenatal maternal-fetal attachment is related to more desirable prenatal and postpartum behaviors and cares as well as better acceptance of the parenting role. Therefore, this study aimed to determine maternal-fetal attachment and its socio-demographic determinants among women with an unplanned pregnancy. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted on a convenience sample of 200 women with unplanned pregnancies attending the maternity clinic of Alavi hospital (Ardebil, Iran) during 2016-2017. To collect the data, a socio-demographic questionnaire and the maternal-fetal attachment scale (MFAS) were completed through the interviews. Data were analyzed using independent t tests, one-way ANOVA, and the general linear model. Results: The mean (standard deviation) of maternal-fetal attachment score in women with an unplanned pregnancy was 79.2 (11.2) ranging from 23 to 115. The mean attachment score was significantly higher in women with a mistimed pregnancy [83.5 (9.0)] than in those with an unwanted pregnancy [72.9 (11.0)]. The highest and lowest mean scores were observed in the "interaction with the fetus" [14.2 (3.3)] and the "role-taking" [9.2 (3.0)] sub-domains, respectively. Based on the general linear model, only the type of unplanned pregnancy (mistimed or unwanted) indicated a significant relationship with maternal-fetal attachment (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Based on the results, the type of unplanned pregnancy had a significant association with maternal-fetal attachment. Moreover, mothers with unwanted pregnancies needed greater counseling and support compared to those with mistimed pregnancies.

scholarly journals A population-based study of health-promoting behaviors and their predictors in Iranian males, 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fovziye Sanaati ◽  
Mehrnaz Geranmayeh ◽  
Zahra Behboodi Moghadam ◽  
Armin Zareiyan ◽  
Keshvar Samadaee Gelehkolaee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
General Linear Model ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
General Linear ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Promoting Behaviors ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Health Promoting Lifestyle

Abstract Background Health-promoting lifestyle (HPL) is any measure taken to maintain a person’s health. The most important and influential factor in maintaining and enhancing health are health-promoting behaviors (HPB). This study aimed to determine HPB and their predictors among Iranian men. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 783 Iranian men, living in Tehran, were selected, using multistage cluster sampling. The employed questionnaires, namely the sociodemographic questionnaire, Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II), and the second part of the Personal Resource Questionnaire (PRQ 85-Part 2), were completed through interviews. The relationship between the dependent variables (HPLP-II and its subdomains) and independent variables (sociodemographic characteristics and social support) was investigated using the adjusted General Linear Model (GLM). Results The mean ± standard deviation of the total HPLP-II score was 2.72 ± 0.44 in the range of 1–4. Among the six dimensions of the HPB, the participants achieved the highest score (3.00 ± 0.52) and lowest score (1.96 ± 0.56) in spiritual growth and physical activity, respectively. The Pearson test showed that the perceived social support was significantly correlated with HPLP-II (r = 0.23; p < 0.001) and all of its subdomains (r = 0.09–0.24; p < 0.001). Based on the adjusted general linear model, social support, age, job, and income adequacy were the predictors of HPL in men and could explain 30.9% of the variance of the HPL score. Conclusions The research findings confirmed the importance of social support and modifying variables (social and personal) in the incidence of HPB in men.

scholarly journals Autopercepção corporal e o consumo de recursos ergôgenicos por frequentadores de academia

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Simone Ferreira dos Anjos Reis ◽  
Vinicius Henrique Candido ◽  
Cristiane Fonseca Freitas ◽  
Cristiane Aparecida Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
General Linear Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
General Linear ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Image

RESUMOObjetivo: caracterizar o perfil de praticantes de musculação quanto ao uso de recursos ergogênicos e relacioná-lo à autopercepção corporal. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal, realizado em academias de musculação de duas cidades de Minas Gerais com entrevistas estruturadas utilizando um questionário e o conjunto de silhuetas. A análise foi pelo Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS15.0), General Linear Model de medidas repetidas e a correlação de Pearson. Resultados: a prática de musculação, em ambos os sexos, foi pela melhora da saúde. A maioria afirmou que realiza as atividades físicas e consome suplementos sem orientação médica ou nutricional. O mais utilizado é o de proteínas, sendo que os homens consomem mais em relação às mulheres. Conclusão: não houve evidências de alterações de autoimagem relacionadas ao uso de suplementos, apesar da falta de orientação. Descritores: Autoimagem; Anabolizantes; Suplementos nutricionais; Promoção da Saúde; Enfermagem. ABSTRACT Objective: to characterize the profile of bodybuilders regarding the use of ergogenic resources and to relate it to body self perception. Method: a quantitative, cross-sectional study carried out at two-city fitness centers in Minas Gerais with structured interviews using a questionnaire and the set of silhouettes. The analysis was by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS15.0), General Linear Model of repeated measures and Pearson's correlation. Results: the practice of bodybuilding, in both sexes, was due to improved health. Most said they perform physical activities and consume supplements without medical or nutritional guidance. The most commonly used is the protein, being that men consume more, compared to women. Conclusion: there was no evidence of self-image changes related to the use of supplements, despite the lack of orientation. Descriptors: Self image; Anabolics; Dietary Supplements; Health Promotion. Nursing.RESUMEN Objetivo: caracterizar el perfil de practicantes de musculación en cuanto al uso de recursos ergogénicos y relacionarlo al auto percepción corporal. Método: estudio cuantitativo, transversal, realizado en gimnasios de musculación de dos ciudades de Minas Gerais con entrevistas estructuradas utilizando un cuestionario y el conjunto de siluetas. El análisis fue por el Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS15.0), General Linear Model de medidas repetidas y la correlación de Pearson. Resultados: la práctica de musculación, en ambos sexos, fue por la mejora de la salud. La mayoría afirmó que realizan las actividades físicas y consumen suplementos sin orientación médica o nutricional. El más utilizado es el de proteínas, y los hombres consumen más en relación a las mujeres. Conclusión: no hubo evidencias de alteraciones de autoimagen relacionadas al uso de suplementos, a pesar de la falta de orientación. Descriptores: Autoimagen; Anabolizantes; Suplementos Dietéticos; Promoción de la Salud; Enfermería.

scholarly journals FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP MATERNAL - FETAL ATTACHMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Evi Wahyuntari ◽  
Tri Hapsari Listyaningrum ◽  
Siti Istiyati
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Fetal Attachment ◽  
Planned Pregnancy ◽  
Fetal Attachment ◽  
Obstetric Clinic

Background: Pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum is a transition period for a woman and is a complex life event that affects the biological, psychological, and social life experienced by the mother. Therefore the need to cultivate an inner bond between mother and baby or known as maternal fetal attachment (MFA). Objective: Aim of this study was to find factors that influence MFA in pregnant women. Methods: cross sectional study. The study was conducted at PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta.  Population is  pregnant women routine ANC visits at the obstetric clinic. 100 respondents determined by the method of consecutive sampling. Inclusion criteria of pregnant women with a gestational age of 20-38 weeks, do not have high risk of pregnancy, no complications in pregnancy, and willing to become respondents. Exclusion criteria mothers who were not willing to become respondents. Data collection used a questionnaire consisting of basic data questionnaires for pregnant women, Socio demographic data, reproductive history, Pregnancy, PAI  questionnaire , SSQ questionnaire. Results: The planned pregnancy had an effect on the MFA with indigo p <0.05 OR 6, 44 which means that the planned pregnancy had an effect of 6.44 times on the MFA score. while age, education, parity, occupation has no effect on the MFA score Conclusion: Planed pregnacy had an effect on MFA score in PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Predictors of health practices among a group of Iranian adolescent pregnant women: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Hadian ◽  
Moosavi Sanaz ◽  
Meedya Shahla ◽  
Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi Sakineh ◽  
Mohammadi Eesa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
General Linear Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Practices ◽  
Health Practice ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractIntroductionThe health practices of pregnant women can affect maternal and fetal health, and pregnancy outcomes. Understanding the predictors of health practices in adolescent pregnant women can help improve these practices. The present study aimed to determine the predictors of health practices in adolescent pregnant women.Materials and methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 316 adolescent pregnant women in health centers of Tehran (capital of Iran). The participants were selected through the census method. The data were collected using the socio-demographic, obstetrics and health practices questionnaires and analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and general linear model.ResultsThe mean score of health practice was 135.29 ± 9.08, ranging from 34 to 170. The highest and the lowest mean score pertained to the avoidance of harmful drugs and opiates subscale (29.79) and the balance of rest and exercise subscale (13.15), respectively. The general linear model showed that a lower level of education, a history of abortion, lack of involvement in pre-pregnancy counseling, and delayed attendance for prenatal care, reduced the health practice score. However, high level of emotional support from the spouse increased the health practice score.ConclusionsThe findings highlighted the factors effective on health practices including involvement in pre-pregnancy counseling, early prenatal care and emotional support for the adolescent pregnant woman.

scholarly journals Anxiety and Maternal Fetal Attachment

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evi Wahyuntari ◽  
Ika Puspitasari
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
P Value ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Condition ◽  
The Third ◽  
Maternal Fetal Attachment ◽  
Fetal Attachment

Maternal Fetal Attachment and fetal growth are strongly influenced by the emotional state or anxiety of the mother, this can be seen from the psychological condition of the mother before giving birth.  The psychological condition of the mother will have an impact on the health and development of the fetus. In Indonesia, there are about 28.7% of pregnant women who experience anxiety in the third trimester. The research objective was to determine the relationship between anxiety and maternal fetal attachment. Cross sectional study. With a population of pregnant women in the third trimester aged 20-35 years as many as 42 respondents. The sampling technique used non probability sampling with a total sampling of 42 pregnant women in the third trimester. The anxiety measurement tool uses the Zung self-rating anxiety scale (ZSAS) questionnaire and the MFA uses the Prenatal attachment inventory (PAI) questionnaire. Pearson analysis (product moment). The p value is 0.023 with a correlation coefficient of -0.350. The conclusion is that there is a relationship between anxiety and maternal fetal attachment at Gamping II Public Health Center with weak relationship closeness, it means that the lower the anxiety score received, the higher the maternal fetal attachment score. Suggestions for pregnant women in the third trimester to be more active in seeking information, both electronic print media, health workers and others about maternal-fetal attachment since pregnancy.

scholarly journals Maternal-Fetal Attachment and Domestic Violence in Iranian and Afghan Pregnant Women: A Cross-Cultural Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahlagha Dehghan ◽  
Hakimeh Ferdosi ◽  
Faroukh Abazari ◽  
Jamileh Farokhzadian
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Afghan Women ◽  
Maternal Fetal Attachment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fetal Attachment

Abstract Background: Domestic violence against pregnant women is becoming more frequent and intense. Studies have shown that women who were under more physical and psychological violence experienced a lot of stress and depression and had less ability to communicate with their fetuses. International statistics show a high prevalence of violence against Afghan women and the communities migrated to Afghanistan. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the maternal-fetal attachment and domestic violence between Iranian and Afghan pregnant women.Methods: This study has a descriptive-comparative cross-sectional design. The study population consisted of Iranian and Afghan pregnant women referred to Kerman Health Centers in 2018-2019. One hundred-forty-six Iranian pregnant women and 142 Afghan pregnant women were enrolled in the study by the quota sampling. Data collection tools were demographic and clinical information questionnaire, questionnaires of domestic violence against women, and maternal-fetal attachment scale. Results: The mean score of maternal-fetal attachment in Iranian and Afghan pregnant women was higher than the average. Also, scores of maternal-fetal attachment and its dimensions in Afghan pregnant women were significantly higher than that of Iranian pregnant women (P < 0.001). The mean score of domestic violence was low in Iranian and Afghan pregnant women. There was no significant difference between Iranian and Afghan pregnant women in the total score of domestic violence (P > 0.05). There was a significant inverse correlation between maternal-fetal attachment and domestic violence in Iranian pregnant women (P < 0.05). In Afghan pregnant women, there was a positive and significant correlation between maternal-fetal attachment and sexual violence in while there was a significant and reverse relationship between other dimensions of attachment and violence (P < 0.05).Conclusion: This study showed that the rate of violence in the studied populations was low, and maternal-fetal attachment rate is appropriate. The relationship between violence and mother-fetal attachment had a different pattern in Iranian and Afghan women. Therefore, further studies are needed to investigate the factors affecting maternal-fetal attachment, especially in Afghan women.

scholarly journals Adequacy of Nutrients Intake among Jordanian Pregnant Women in Comparison to Dietary Reference Intakes

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reema F. Tayyem ◽  
Sabika S. Allehdan ◽  
Razan M. Alatrash ◽  
Fida F. Asali ◽  
Hiba A. Bawadi
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Reference Intakes ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire

Objective: Maternal nutrition is considered an important pillar in the pregnancy outcomes for both mother and infant. A mother’s malnutrition and inadequate nutrient intake is associated with many undesirable pregnancy outcomes. Hence, assessing the nutritional status of the mother in the early stages of the pregnancy and preventing any inadequacy can preclude many health problems for both mother and infant. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the adequacy of nutrient intakes among Jordanian pregnant women as compared to their corresponding dietary reference intakes (DRIs). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a major University Hospital in Jordan. Three hundred pregnant women were invited to participate in the study and 286 agreed to participate. Fifty pregnant women were enrolled at week 9, then 96 pregnant women were at week 20 and 137 pregnant women were at week 30 of pregnancy. The participants completed the interview-based demographic questionnaire, pregnancy physical activity questionnaire, and quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Results: The mean energy intake was 2768.9 ± 767.8 kcal/day and it was significantly higher in the 3rd trimester (p < 0.05). Women in the 3rd trimester consumed significantly more protein, carbohydrates, and sugar than women in the 1st and 2nd trimesters (p < 0.05). The pregnant women in the 3rd trimester consumed more sodium than women in the 1st and 2nd trimesters (p < 0.05). The vitamin K intake was significantly (p = 0.045) lower in the 2nd trimester than the 1st and 3rd trimesters. The calcium intake was significantly higher in the 3rd trimester than the 1st and 2nd trimesters (p = 0.021). The total micronutrient (vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, and D, calcium, and iron) intakes derived from dietary supplements and food sources throughout the 3 trimesters was significantly higher in the 3rd trimester than the 1st and 2nd trimesters (p < 0.05). The vitamin D, calcium, and iron intakes had the most significant increases between the 1st and 3rd trimesters (p < 0.001), while folic acid intake was significantly higher in the 1st trimester than the 2nd and 3rd trimester (p < 0.001). Most women exceeded the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for sodium in all trimesters, while 82% of women exceeded the UL of folic acid in the 1st trimester and from the supplement, not the diet. Conclusion: While the intake of some nutrients from food alone remains below the DRIs in the diets of pregnant women, the intake of other nutrients is above the UL. Raising the awareness of pregnant women about their diet and how a supplement intake can reduce the risk of inadequate intake for many micronutrients and improve their pregnancy outcomes is of great importance.

scholarly journals Investigation of Nutritional Behaviors in the First and Second Trimesters in Pregnant Women Referring to Clinics in Hamadan, Iran, in 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi ◽  
Parisa Parsa ◽  
Farideh Kazemi ◽  
Ali Reza Soltanian ◽  
Gissoo Dadvand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Folic Acid Supplement ◽  
Research Setting ◽  
Successful Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Study Participants

<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Pregnancy is a particular period in women’s life that is accompanied by an increase in nutritional needs. Having a normal pregnancy period and successful pregnancy outcomes depends on the intake of sufficient amount of food. The present study aimed to determine nutritional behaviors in pregnant women in the first and second trimesters referring to clinics in Hamadan, Iran.</p><p><strong>METHODS:</strong> This cross-sectional study was conducted on 170 women referred to health and treatment centers of Hamadan in 2013. Among Hamadan’s health and treatment centers, 10 were selected as the research setting through cluster sampling. Then, the pregnant women at 8-24 weeks of gestation were randomly entered into the study. The data were collected using nutritional behaviors questionnaire in three months. Accordingly, mean scores below 50, between 50 and 75, and above 75 were considered as weak, moderate, and perfect nutritional behaviors, respectively. The data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software, version 21 and P&lt;0.05 was considered as statistically significant.</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> The results showed that more than three fourths of the study participants had moderate nutritional behaviors. Insufficient intake of fruit, vegetables, and cereals was detected in 80.6%, 54.1%, and 47.1% of the participants, respectively. Besides, 30% of the women had not used folic acid supplement during their pregnancy period or were not aware of its necessity. The results of multivariate analysis indicated that age was only significantly associated with pregnant women’s score of nutritional behaviors (P=0.010). Additionally, no significant relationship was found between the women’s nutritional behaviors and their strategies for elimination of common pregnancy complications, such as constipation, heartburn, urinary tract infection, and anemia.</p><p><strong>DISCUSSION &amp; CONCLUSION:</strong> Considering the participants’ moderate nutritional behaviors, health and treatment centers are recommended to provide the necessary training for improving pregnant women’s nutritional behaviors and supervise and follow their execution and evaluation.</p>

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Smokeless Tobacco Use among Pregnant Women in Rural Areas of the Southern Terai, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitendra Kumar Singh ◽  
Dilaram Acharya ◽  
Rajendra Kadel ◽  
Samaj Adhikari ◽  
Daniel Lombard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Use ◽  
Pregnant Mothers

Background: Tobacco use among women during pregnancy leading to poor maternal and child health outcomes has been well documented. However, factors influencing use of smokeless tobacco in Nepal has not yet been well established. This study aims at exploring the factors related to smokeless tobacco use among pregnant women in rural southern Terai of Nepal.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was performed at 52 wards within 6 Village Development Committee in Dhanusha district of Nepal. A total of 426 expectant mothers in their second trimester were selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. Descriptive and regression analyses were done to explore the factors that influence smokeless tobacco use.Results: In a total of 426 pregnant mothers, one in five used tobacco in any form. Among the users, 13.4% used smokeless tobacco. Pregnant mothers who were smoking tobacco (AOR 6.01; 95% CI (1.88-19.23), having alcohol consumption (AOR 3.86; 95% CI (1.23-12.08), stressed (AOR 5.04; 95% CI (1.81-14.03), non-vegetarian (AOR 3.31;(1.84-13.03), not attending regular mothers’ group meetings (AOR 4.63; (1.41-15.19), and not-exposed to mass media (AOR 5.02; (1.89-13.33) were significantly associated with smokeless tobacco use. Similarly, mothers of age group 20-34 years, dalit, aadibasi and janajati, hill origin, no education and primary education were more likely to use smokeless tobacco than their counterparts.Conclusions: Factors such as smoking tobacco, alcohol consumption, stress, and poor education were found to be significantly associated with smokeless tobacco use among pregnant women in southern Terai of Nepal. This requires an immediate attention develop an effective strategy to prevent and control smokeless tobacco use among pregnant women in southern Terai of Nepal.

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