scholarly journals An Association Between HBoV and Acute Gastroenteritis in a 2-Month-Old Infant: A Case Report

Thrita ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Mohammadi ◽  
Niloofar Sabzi ◽  
Nikou Bahrami ◽  
Hadis Fathizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Gastrointestinal Pathogen ◽  
Shigella Spp

Introduction: The Human bocavirus (HBoV) was first identified from the nasopharyngeal aspirate specimen in 2005, which includes four subtypes (HBoV1-4). The HBoV-1 is a major subtype in acute respiratory infections of children, and others (HBoV2-4) present in the stool specimens. The pathogenic role of HBoV2-4 in acute gastroenteritis has not confirmed yet, therefore, it has been considered widely. Case Presentation: In this report, we presented a 2-month-old boy with acute gastroenteritis admitted to the Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Kashan, Iran. The stool sample of the patient was tested for HBoV by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the NP-1 gene. The other major gastrointestinal pathogens of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Giardia lamblia, and Entamoeba histolytica were confirmed by specialized microbiological procedures and viral pathogen of Rotavirus by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This case was confirmed by NP-1 plasmid cloned as a positive control. All clinical manifestations were analyzed by a pediatric nurse through hospital admission. Conclusions: This case was found HBoV-positive for the NP-1 gene of 354 bp by PCR. The major signs were diarrhea, fever, dehydration, and abdominal pain. This case was charged after supportive therapies for dehydration. We showed that HBoV could be a gastrointestinal pathogen in pediatric patients and causing diarrhea in young children. However, more studies are needed to confirm.

scholarly journals Human Bocavirus genotypes 1 and 2 detected in younger Amazonian children with acute gastroenteritis or respiratory infections, respectively

2020 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Azevedo Alves Leitão ◽  
Alberto Ignácio Olivares Olivares ◽  
Yan Cardoso Pimenta ◽  
Isabella Fernandes Delgado ◽  
Marize Pereira Miagostovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Human Bocavirus

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF A RAPID SCREENING ASSAY FOR BACTERIAL IDENTIFICATION (DOT-ELISA) IN FECAL SAMPLES FROM CHILDREN

1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etelvina BOCCATTO ◽  
Sânia Alves dos SANTOS ◽  
Neusa Augusta Oliveira MAZIERI ◽  
Dahir Ramos de ANDRADE ◽  
Francisco Roque CARRAZZA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Stool Culture ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Dot Elisa

With the objective of standardizing a Dot Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Dot-ELISA) to detect antigens of fecal bacterial enteropathogens, 250 children, aged under 36 months and of both sexes, were studied; of which 162 had acute gastroenteritis. The efficacy of a rapid screening assay for bacterial enteropathogens (enteropathogenic Escherichia coli "EPEC", enteroinvasive Escherichia coli "EIEC", Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp.) was evaluated. The fecal samples were also submitted to a traditional method of stool culture for comparison. The concordance index between the two techniques, calculated using the Kappa (k) index for the above mentioned bacterial strains was 0.8859, 0.9055, 0.7932 and 0.7829 respectively. These values express an almost perfect degree of concordance for the first two and substantial concordance for the latter two, thus enabling this technique to be applied in the early diagnosis of diarrhea in infants. With a view to increasing the sensitivity and specificity of this immunological test, a study was made of the antigenic preparations obtained from two types of treatment: 1) deproteinization by heating; 2) precipitation and concentration of the lipopolysaccharide antigen (LPS) using an ethanol-acetone solution, which was then heated in the presence of sodium EDTA

scholarly journals Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Coronavirus Diseases 2019 Patients with Different Severity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekasit Kowitdamrong ◽  
Thanyawee Puthanakit ◽  
Watsamon Jantarabenjakul ◽  
Eakachai Prompetchara ◽  
Pintip Suchartlikitwong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Optical Density Ratio ◽  
Severe Group

Background: More understanding of antibody responses in the SARS-CoV-2 infected population is useful for vaccine development. Aim: To investigate SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG among COVID-19 Thai patients with different severity. Methods: We used plasma from 118 adult patients who have confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and 49 patients under investigation without infection, 20 patients with other respiratory infections, and 102 healthy controls. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG were performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from Euroimmun. The optical density ratio cut off for positive test was 1.1 for IgA and 0.8 for IgG. The association of antibody response with the severity of diseases and the day of symptoms was performed. Results: From Mar 10 to May 31, 2020, 289 participants were enrolled, and 384 samples were analyzed. Patients were categorized by clinical manifestations to mild (n=59), moderate (n=27) and severe (n=32). The overall sensitivity of IgA and IgG from samples collected after day 7 is 87.9% (95% CI 79.8-93.6) and 84.8% (95% CI 76.2-91.3), respectively. The severe group had a significantly higher level of specific IgA and IgG to S1 antigen compared to the mild group. All moderate to severe patients have specific IgG while 20% of the mild group did not have any IgG detected after two weeks. Interestingly, SARS-CoV-2 IgG level was significantly higher in males compared to females among the severe group (p=0.003). Conclusion: The serologic test for SARS-CoV-2 has high sensitivity after the second week after onset of illness. Serological response differs among patients with different severity and different sex.

scholarly journals Clostridium perfringens Foodborne Outbreak during an Athletic Event in Northern Greece, June 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kassiani Mellou ◽  
Maria Kyritsi ◽  
Anthi Chrysostomou ◽  
Theologia Sideroglou ◽  
Theano Georgakopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Authority ◽  
Foodborne Outbreak ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Local Public Health ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Stool Samples

Background: Food safety is a major public health consideration during athletic events. On 27 June 2019, the Hellenic National Public Health Organization was notified of a cluster of gastroenteritis cases among athletes of four of the 47 teams participating at the Panhellenic Handball Championship for children. Methods: A retrospective cohort study among the members of the four teams was performed. The local public health authority visited the restaurants where common meals took place, amassed information on the preparation of meals, and collected samples of leftovers. Stool samples were tested for Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. Results: Consumption of minced beef had a statistically significant association with disease occurrence [RR:8.29 (95%CI 1,31-52,7)]. Samples of meat were found positive for Clostridium perfringens. It was documented that the meat was not stored and re-heated as indicated. Stool samples were negative for Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. and were not tested for the Clostridium perfringens toxin. Conclusion: Specific standards should be kept to prevent outbreaks during athletic events. This was the first time that a foodborne outbreak due to Clostridium perfringens was investigated in the country. Laboratory investigation for toxins should be enhanced, especially in foodborne outbreaks where clinical manifestations of cases are found to be compatible with infection caused by a toxin.

scholarly journals Etiology of acute diarrhea among children in Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Inês Cazentini MEDEIROS ◽  
Suzel Nogueira NEME ◽  
Paulo da SILVA ◽  
Divani Maria CAPUANO ◽  
Maria Clarice ERRERA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

To study the main enteropathogens causing diarrhea in the region of Ribeirão Preto regarding serogroups and serotypes, the feces of 1836 children under 10 years old, from both sexes, attack of acute gastroenteritis, were analysed during a period of 4 years in Adolfo Lutz Institute - Ribeirão Preto, SP. The pathogens identified by standard methods were the following: Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Campylobacter spp., Yersinia spp., and Cryptosporidium spp. Positive samples were 22.8% (419) with 1.7% association of pathogens. Larger isolates were mainly from children 0 to 11 months old. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) was most frequent (8.7%) with predominance of serogroup O119 (40.2%), followed by Shigella (6.2%), 63.6% of which S. sonnei.

scholarly journals LO47: Hematochezia in children with acute gastroenteritis in the emergency department: clinical phenotype, etiologic pathogens, and resource utilization

CJEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
pp. S24-S24
Author(s):  
M. Böhrer ◽  
E. Fitzpatrick ◽  
K. Hurley ◽  
J. Xie ◽  
B. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Bloody Diarrhea ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Enteric Infection ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Shigella Spp

Introduction: Acute bloody diarrhea obligates rapid and accurate diagnostic evaluation; few studies have described such cohorts of children. Methods: We conducted a planned secondary analysis employing the Alberta Provincial Pediatric EnTeric Infection TEam (APPETITE) acute gastroenteritis study cohort to describe the characteristics of children with acute bloody diarrhea, compared to a cohort of children without hematochezia. Children <18 years of age presenting to 2 pediatric tertiary care emergency departments (EDs) in Alberta, with ≥3 episodes of diarrhea and/or vomiting in the preceding 24 hours and <7 days of symptoms were consecutively recruited. Stools were tested for 17 viruses, bacteria and parasites. Primary outcomes were clinical characteristics and pathogens identified. Secondary outcomes included interventions and resource utilization. Results: Of 2257 children enrolled between October 2015 and August 2018, hematochezia before or at the index ED visit was reported in 122 (5.4%). Compared to children with nonbloody diarrhea, children with hematochezia had longer illness duration [59.5 vs. 41.5 hrs, difference 10.6, 95% CI 3.5, 19.9], more diarrheal episodes in a 24-hour period [8 vs. 5, difference 3, 95% CI 2, 4], and less vomiting [55.7% vs. 91.1%; difference -35.3%; 95% CI -44.7, -26.3]. They received more intravenous fluids [32.0% vs. 18.3%; difference 13.7%, 95% CI 5.5, 23.0], underwent non-study stool testing [53.7% vs. 4.8%; difference 49.0%, 95% CI 39.6, 58.0], experienced longer ED visits [4.1 vs. 3.3 hours, difference 0.9, 95% CI 0.3, 1.0] and were more likely to have repeat healthcare visits within 14 days [54.8% vs. 34.2%; difference 20.6%, 95% CI 10.8, 30.1]. A bacterial enteric pathogen was found in 31.9% of children with hematochezia versus 6.6% without bloody diarrhea (difference 25.4%, 95% CI 17.2, 34.7). In children with hematochezia, the most commonly detected bacteria were Salmonella spp. (N = 15), Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (N = 9), Campylobacter spp. (N = 7), and Shigella spp. (N = 5). Viruses were detected in 32.8% of children with bloody diarrhea, most commonly adenovirus (N = 15), norovirus (N = 14), sapovirus (N = 8) and rotavirus (N = 7). Conclusion: Children with hematochezia differed clinically from those without hematochezia and required more healthcare resources. While bacterial etiologies are common, several viruses were also detected.

Respiratory tract damage with bocavirus infection in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
E. V. Sharipova ◽  
I. V. Babachenko ◽  
M. A. Shcherbatyh
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Damage

Long time the main pathogens associated with the development of community-acquired pneumonia were bacteria. However, in recent years in the Russian Federation, like all over the world, the view of the damage of lower respiratory tract changed, including a unique approach to community-acquired pneumonia as a bacterial infection, and respiratory viruses have become seen as a direct cause of lower respiratory tract damage, or as part of a viral-bacterial co-infection. These studies became possible since the widespread introduction of PCR techniques in the clinical setting, identification of respiratory viruses has increased and new microorganisms such, one as human bocavirus have been discovered. Objective: to study the features of respiratory tract damage in acute bocavirus infection in children of different ages. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of 97 medical hospital documentation of children with acute bocavirus infection, detected confirmed by PCR in nasopharyngeal aspirate. Results: In this work, it was shown that human bocavirus spread throughout the year with an increase in the incidence of clinically significant forms in the autumnwinter period, including during the period of an increase in the incidence of influenza. HBoV infection requiring hospitals is most significant in the first three years of life. In 74.2% of hospitalized children, bocavirus infection occurs with lower respiratory tract infections in the form of bronchitis — 77.8%, pneumonia — 28.9% and rarely bronchiolitis and is complicated by the development of respiratory failure in 28.9% of cases. Changes in the blood test are non-specific, and the level of C-reactive protein in children with various clinical manifestations of HBoV infection generally does not exceed 50 mg / l. An x-ray of the chest organs does not objectively reflect the existing volume and nature of the inflammatory process in the lungs.

scholarly journals Human bocavirus genotypes 1, 2, and 3 circulating in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2012–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
Nattika Nantachit ◽  
Pakawat Kochjan ◽  
Pattara Khamrin ◽  
Kattareeya Kumthip ◽  
Niwat Maneekarn
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Chiang Mai

scholarly journals Clinical Features and Maternal-fetal Results of Pregnant Women in COVID-19 Times

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (05) ◽  
pp. 384-394
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Nogueira Godoi ◽  
Gilcelia Correia Santos Bernardes ◽  
Leilismara Sousa Nogueira ◽  
Patrícia Nessralla Alpoim ◽  
Melina de Barros Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
The Subject

Abstract Objective Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which usually leads to non-specific respiratory symptoms. Although pregnant women are considered at risk for respiratory infections by other viruses, such as SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), little is known about their vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, this study aims to identify and present the main studies on the topic, including the postpartum period. Methods In this narrative review, articles were searched in various databases, organizations, and health entities using keywords compatible with medical subject headings (MeSH), such as: COVID-19, pregnancy, vertical transmission, coronavirus 2019, and SARS-CoV-2. Results The review of the scientific literature on the subject revealed that pregnant women with COVID-19 did not present clinical manifestations significantly different from those of non-pregnant women; however, there are contraindicated therapies. Regarding fetuses, studies were identified that reported that infection by SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant women can cause fetal distress, breathing difficulties and premature birth, but there is no substantial evidence of vertical transmission. Conclusion Due to the lack of adequate information and the limitations of the analyzed studies, it is necessary to provide detailed clinical data on pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 and on the maternal-fetal repercussions caused by this infection. Thus, this review may contribute to expand the knowledge of professionals working in the area as well as to guide more advanced studies on the risk related to pregnant women and their newborns. Meanwhile, monitoring of confirmed or suspected pregnant women with COVID-19 is essential, including in the postpartum period.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility testing results from 13 hospitals in Viet Nam: VINARES 2016–2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tien Viet Dung Vu ◽  
◽  
Marc Choisy ◽  
Thi Thuy Nga Do ◽  
Van Minh Hoang Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Sampling Bias ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Analyse Data

Abstract Objective To analyse data from 2016–17 from a hospital-based antimicrobial resistance surveillance with national coverage in a network of hospitals Viet Nam. Methods We analysed data from 13 hospitals, 3 less than the dataset from the 2012–13 period. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing data from the clinical microbiology laboratories from samples sent in for routine diagnostics were used. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2018 guidelines were used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing interpretation. WHONET was used for data entry, management and analysis. Results 42,553 deduplicated isolates were included in this analysis; including 30,222 (71%) Gram-negative and 12,331 (29%) Gram-positive bacteria. 8,793 (21%) were from ICUs and 7,439 (18%) isolates were from invasive infections. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were the most frequently detected species with 9,092 (21%) and 4,833 isolates (11%), respectively; followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (3,858 isolates – 9.1%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (3,870 isolates – 9%). Bacteria were mainly isolated from sputum (8,798 isolates – 21%), blood (7,118 isolates – 17%) and urine (5,202 isolates – 12%). Among Gram-positives 3,302/4,515 isolates (73%) of S. aureus were MRSA; 99/290 (34%) of Enterococcus faecium were resistant to vancomycin; and 58% (663/1,136) of Streptococcus pneumoniae proportion were reduced susceptible to penicillin. Among Gram-negatives 59% (4,085/6,953) and 40% (1,186/2,958) of E. coli and K. pneumoniae produced ESBL and 29% (376/1,298) and 11% (961/8,830) were resistant to carbapenems, respectively. 79% (2855/3622) and 45% (1,514/3,376) of Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were carbapenem resistant, respectively. 88% (804/911) of Haemophilus influenzae were ampicillin resistant and 18/253 (7%) of Salmonella spp. and 7/46 (15%) of Shigella spp. were resistant to fluoroquinolones. The number of isolates from which data were submitted in the 2016–2017 period was twice as high as in 2012–2013. AMR proportions were higher in 2016–2017 for most pathogen-antimicrobial combinations of interest including imipenem-resistant A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa and Enterobacterales. Conclusions The data show alarmingly high and increasing resistant proportions among important organisms in Viet Nam. AMR proportions varied across hospital types and should be interpreted with caution because existing sampling bias and missing information on whether isolates were community or hospital acquired. Affordable and scalable ways to adopt a sample- or case-based approach across the network should be explored and clinical data should be integrated to help provide more accurate inferences of the surveillance data.

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