Image and Freedom in Fichte’s Doctrine of the State of 1813

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 240-257
Author(s):  
Luciano Corsico ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Original Model ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Academic Life ◽  
Moral Law ◽  
Intellectual Production ◽  
The University ◽  
Methodological Reflection

In this paper, my aim is to offer an approach to the practical meaning of the concept of image in Fichte’s Doctrine of the State of 1813. The word “image” (Bild) plays an important role within Fichte’s philosophical terminology, especially during the last period of his intellectual production and his academic life, after leaving the University of Jena. Even a superficial reading of the several different versions of the Doctrine of Science allows one to recognize that the above-mentioned term is used by Fichte more frequently during his years in Berlin (1800–1814). Despite this, the determination of the concrete meaning of the term “image” represents a difficult interpretative challenge for readers of Fichte’s philosophy. From my point of view, Fichte uses the term “image” not only at the level of theoretical or methodological reflection, but also at that of praxis. For this reason, Fichte’s transcendental reflection in the Doctrine of the State contains not only an analysis of the negative relationship between image and being, but also, necessarily, an analysis of the positive relationship between image and freedom (Freiheit). Although his Doctrine of the State is based on a theological-religious conception, which could be questioned from the perspective of a secularized rationality, Fichte maintains a consistent conception of knowledge as an image of a world ordered by the moral law. Definitively, this image plays a central role as an original model for the action of every rational being in the sensible world.

scholarly journals Implementation of Electric Vehicles in The Internal Route of The International University of Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Azanza ◽  
Álvaro Remache ◽  
Soraya Ruiz ◽  
Gorky Reyes ◽  
Andrés Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Academic Life ◽  
Educational Model ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
International University ◽  
Polluting Emissions ◽  
The University

Sustainable campuses have become one of the main objectives of agendas for a wide range of universities as a result of the impacts generated by the activities carried out within an academic life and how they directly affect the environment. An important aspect of the educational model of the International University of Ecuador, considering education as a focal transforming point of collective change, is to teach values and responsibility for the environment, considering that in terms of sustainability a higher education should not be understood only from the technical point of view, but as a process of realizing the significance of substantial values that would encourage future professionals to commit to the construction of a more fair and equitable society. For this reason, the objective of this study is to analyze sustainability through the implementation of electric mass transport vehicles in the internal route of the International University of Ecuador, for which the methodology is based on a quantitative approach, whose type of study is exploratory and of an inductive-deductive nature, analyzing the variables that directly influence a sustainable environment such as altitude above sea level (geographical location), benefited people, consumption and routes. Instruments such as sampling and surveys will be used to determine the decrease in polluting emissions that can affect the natural environment of the area. The technical considerations are the following: the location of the campus presents average slopes of 7.76 ° at 2560 masl, the results of autonomy in a route are 14.8 km benefiting around 450 people a day from the university community, having an annual load consumption of 297311 KWh during day hours and of 114715 KWh during night hours. With the implementation of an electric vehicle for the internal route, a power of 154.7 KW is required to overcome a slope of 18 ° with a campus route of 178.4 km, with this it would stop emitting 29.6 tons of CO2 and 0.76 tons of gases harmful for the environment per year

scholarly journals Axiological Aspects of State Control and Supervision

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-61
Author(s):  
Saniat Agamagomedova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Evolutionary Approach ◽  
State Control ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Procedures ◽  
The Subject

The subject of research is state control and supervision from the point of view of axiological approaches. The first level of the latter makes it possible to determine value of state control and supervision as administrative forms; the second level forms variants of theoretical and legal substantiation of the correlation between the control and supervisory activities of the state and the totality of values protected by law. The aim of the article is to propose methodological techniques for determining the value of state control and supervision, which is understood as the importance of these institutions in the public administration system as a whole in the context of the possibility of using other administrative forms to achieve regulatory goals. The value of the control and supervisory activities of the state is substantiated from the point of view of the possibility of replacing state control and supervision with other regulatory mechanisms within the framework of deregulation processes (horizontal approach), as well as taking into account previous development of these administrative forms (evolutionary approach). Value of state control and supervision is seen as the ability to ensure the protection of legally protected values with minimal interference of public authorities in controlled activities. Value of the considered management forms is substantiated using the category of deregulation, which is understood as: process of development of a certain sphere of social relations; process of delegating state powers; trends to expanding the freedom of subjects, transition to “soft” regulation; process of reducing and simplifying administrative procedures (procedural deregulation). Determination of the value of state control and supervision is associated with the justification of the possibility of replacing these management forms with others in relation to a certain area of regulation, which determines a specific ratio of various management forms and mechanisms. From the point of view of evolutionary approach, value of state control and supervision is determined by the previous development of these administrative forms in the system of state power. Within the framework of the theoretical and legal substantiation of the category “values protected by law” in the system of state control and supervision, a variety of positions are highlighted. As a conclusion, a modern formula is proposed: state control and supervision — socially significant results — mandatory requirements — values protected by law.

scholarly journals Life and academic activities of professors emeriti and retired professors on University of Maribor

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 171-180
Author(s):  
Dušanka Mičetić-Turk ◽  
Maja Šikić-Pogačar ◽  
Zmago Turk
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Academic Life ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Academic Activities ◽  
The University ◽  
Irreparable Damage

Higher education lecturers go through a long developmental path from graduate students to academic title of professor. On this path, the most delicate period is the retirement. The age of 60 or 65, which is approximately the same as the retirement age in most developed countries, is supposed to be the onset of old age. Today, when we live longer and healthier, irreparable damage would occur if society and the state didn’t take advantage of the knowledge, wisdom and skills that senior professors have accumulated throughout their careers. The vast majority of senior professors could still contribute and participate in the development of society. In our article, we presented the results of a survey regarding the academic and life activities of senior professors, members of the Center for Retired and Distinguished higher education teachers of the University of Maribor. The results showed that the vast majority of retired and professors emeriti were still active in academic life and contributed to the development and functioning of the University.

The Interaction of Universities with Schools in the Higher Education System on the Example of the Department of Human Resourse Management of the State University of Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Т. Сувалова ◽  
Tatyana Suvalova ◽  
Е. Каштанова ◽  
YEkatyerina Kashtanova
Keyword(s):  
Practical Experience ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
State University ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Close Cooperation ◽  
The University

The need for close cooperation between the University and the school is now becoming one of the key objectives of the educational programs. The aim of the study is to analyze the options and models of interaction between the University and schools. The article deals with the specifi c activities of vocational guidance work of the University with schools on the example of the Department of “personnel management” of the State University of management: Olympiad students in the framework of the annual personnel forum, visiting master classes in sponsored schools, open days. The analysis of the positive aspects of mutual cooperation both for the partner University and for sponsored schools from the point of view of the quality of educational programs and practical experience. Possible models of joint interaction between school and University are studied: options when the Central link is a school or university and in case of equal partnership.

scholarly journals Essence and content of the concept of efficiency of operative-official activity of the State border guard service of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Mahas
Keyword(s):  
System Development ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Base Level ◽  
General Index ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Level Of Training ◽  
Main Thing

Becoming of Ukraine as the democratic, legal, social state stipulates the necessity of improvement of public policy in the sphere of guard of state border, system of its organs, and also process of public administration in the field of guard of the state border, in fact that effectiveness of law-enforcement activity on a border depends in a great deal on an effective management. The article is devoted to research of efficiency of operative-official activity of the State border guard service of Ukraine. The author on the basis of experience of operative-official activity of organs and units of the State border guard service of Ukraine (SBGS), analysis of scientifically-methodical literature and normative-legal base has analysed theoretical approaches of scientists in relation to the concept of efficiency and has distinguished the signs of this concept in the field of guard of the state border of Ukraine, in particular its essence and content. To guard the state border effectively – means foremost to provide its inviolability. It is the main thing. From the state point of view it is not indifferently, how many forces and facilities are spent for the decision of this task, at what directions and levels basic efforts are concentrated on, as the nearest plans will be correlated with perspective. That is effective guard of the state border means also some resource criteria, that is characterize execution of the organs of SBGS, detachments of the Marine guard, aviation units of some operative-official tasks. Examining general formulations of concept «efficiency», it is possible to set forth three fundamental positions that must be in any determination. 1. Efficiency foresees the presence of aim and depends on different factors, such as, for example, as content of tasks that are solved by the system, condition of the system, character of environment and others. 2. Efficiency can change (characterized by dynamic), character of its changes can be measured by a certain number that hesitates from a zero to some maximal value in ideal conditions. Thus this number must absorb for itself very many factors, on which efficiency depends on, - is complication of the system, development of corresponding normative base, level of training of personnel, optimality of control system and other. 3. Efficiency must adequately represent all results of functioning of objects through such, for example, indexes (in most cases it is talked about the system or set of indexes of efficiency), as probability of some event, average expected value (mathematical value) of some casual size, actual results of the executed activity and so on. It is necessary to notice that today it is not yet worked out by a theory such general index, which would represent all factors the efficiency of which depends on that correctly. Thus, in order  a determination of efficiency represents all complication and specific of that sphere in full volume, where it is used it must conform some requirements : а) to represent an aim the system functions for the achievement of which; b) to show the concrete conditions of activity of the system; c) to characterize resources at that the aim of functioning of the system is achieved; d) to show a dynamics of changes of factors, that influence on efficiency; e) to give a complex estimation to the results of operative-official activity of SBGS (through the system of corresponding criteria). Taking into account the above-mentioned and taking into account specific functions that is executed by SBGS of concept «Efficiency of operative-official activity» it is possible to define as a level of implementation of tasks on the State border guard service, certain correlation of the attained results and used for this purpose forces, facilities, time and other resources. Both an analysis of efficiency of the state border protection on results of operative-official activity of organs of SBGS and prognostication of efficiency is not an end in itself. A primary objective during realization of this work is a detection of narrow (problem) points in the state border protection, reserves of increase of efficiency and making of scientifically reasonable strategy and tactics on usage of these reserves in practice. 

scholarly journals The right to a reasoned order on determination of special evidentiary actions and (critical) review of the practice of the European court of human rights

Crimen ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-215
Author(s):  
Krsto Pejović ◽  
Nina Paović
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
European Court ◽  
One Step ◽  
The Right

Increasingly dangerous, and internationally distributed, (organized) crime has caused the need for states to find adequate means to put an end to all this. Of course, today, as many years before, we can hear that criminals are "one step ahead of the state." That, when we look at the situation around us, is unfortunately not far from the truth. However, faced with this problem, states at the normative level, in order to anticipate criminal behavior, as well as, if the crime has already been committed, to reliably identify the perpetrators, stipulate (besides general evidentiary actions) special evidentiary actions/techniques in national legislation. That is quite legitimate. However, when the state prescribes certain rules, or conditions under which certain (evidentiary) actions must be taken, then it is more than unusual that state does not respect what it has prescribed. In the following lines, we were dealing with special evidentiary actions, predominantly the general characteristics of the same and in connection with them the practice of the ECtHR. All this with the aim of trying to present (from our point of view) a plausible practice, with the hope that we will break with the previous one, which in our opinion is not good.

scholarly journals Studies of the basics of technology for optimal design of rational use of valuable mineral deposits

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
V. H. Hrinov ◽  
A. O. Khorolskyi
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Network Models ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Territorial Development

The aim of this paper is to develop and validate methods of choosing the means of valuable mineral deposits. This paper describes a methodology for assessing deposits from both an economic and an environmental point of view. The questions of creation of modern mathematical support, as well as the means of decision making for the feasibility study of Ukrainian deposits with valuable minerals and determination of the optimal strategy for their development are considered. A new way of developing environmental scenarios for territorial development is proposed, which is to optimize network models that are consistent with environmental strategies for mineral exploration with a view to producing the final products. Unlike economic scenarios, the development of the field of environmental requirements takes into account the rating of man-made environmental hazards at each stage, which allows not only the benefit but also the risks of production. An algorithmic description of the process of managing the state of reserves and the form of presentation of the results make it possible to introduce the described methods into production, at the same time the field is considered not as a separate object, but as an intermediate element in the process of obtaining final products. In addition, the sequence of finding the optimal solution can be considered as from the beginning of development of the field to the stage of obtaining the final products, and in the opposite direction. The field of optimal design technology for the rational development of fields is independent of the type of minerals, since the determination of the optimal scenario of production of final products for a particular field is due to the model of changing the state of mineral reserves from balance sheet to final products, which after the transformation of acyclic graphs in the network can be optimized using classic algorithms.

scholarly journals Francisco Murillo Ferrol y los primeros estudios de ciencia política y sociología en la Universidad de Valencia = Francisco Murillo Ferrol and the First Studies of Political Science and Sociology at the University of Valencia

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Javier Palao Gil
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Political Science ◽  
The State ◽  
Academic Life ◽  
Philosophy Of Law ◽  
Critical Attitude ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Intense Activity ◽  
The University ◽  
Sobre Todo

Resumen: Francisco Murillo Ferrol fue catedrático de derecho político en la Universidad de Valencia desde su acceso a la cátedra, en 1952, hasta su marcha a la Universidad de Granada en 1961. Fue el primer catedrático estable que tuvo la disciplina en Valencia desde 1932. Cuando llega, es un profesor formado en la filosofía del derecho y que había realizado algunas reflexiones sobre la teoría del Estado desde perspectivas históricas y clásicas. Sus ocho años y medio en Valencia fueron de intensa actividad: dirigió el colegio mayor “Luis Vives”; participó intensamente en la vida académica de la Facultad; impulsó un Seminario interdisciplinar de ciencias sociales centrado en la sociología y la ciencia política, cuyas corrientes principales en Europa y América empezó a introducir; creó una gran biblioteca sobre estas materias; animó un primer grupo de discípulos; etc. El presente estudio muestra toda esa actividad, al tiempo que hace una descripción de los principales rasgos de la personalidad del profesor, como su tolerancia política y personal, su vigorosa personalidad intelectual, caracterizada por una actitud crítica radical, su escepticismo rayano en el pesimismo y, sobre todo, su firme vocación docente, que le llevó a ser definido como “un maestro en tiempo de patronos”.Palabras clave: Universidad franquista, Murillo Ferrol, derecho político, ciencia política, sociología.Abstract: Francisco Murillo Ferrol was a professor of political law at the University of Valencia from his access to the chair in 1952, until his departure to the University of Granada in 1961. He was the first stable profesor this discipline had in Valencia since 1932. When arriving, he was a professor trained in philosophy of law who had done some reflections on the theory of the State from historical and classical perspectives. His eight and a half years in Valencia show an intense activity: he was the director of the college “Luis Vives”; he participated intensely in the academic life of the faculty; he promoted an interdisciplinary seminar on social sciences focused on sociology and political science, whose main currents in Europe and America he began to introduce; he created a large library on these matters and encouraged a first group of disciples; etc. The present study shows all this activity, as well as a description of the main features of the professor’s personality, such as his political and personal tolerance, his vigorous intelectual personality, characterized by a radical critical attitude, his scepticism bordering on pessimism and, above all, his strong vocation towards teaching, which led him to be defined as “a master in an age of bosses”.Keywords: Francoist university, Murillo Ferrol, political law, political science, sociology.

scholarly journals Determination of adhesion stages of the Fe-Ni ore at the Ferronikeli plant in Drenas

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Zarife Bajraktari-Gashi ◽  
Muharrem Zabeli ◽  
Erard Morina
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
High Moisture Content ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nickel Ores ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
Rotary Kilns ◽  
The University

Abstract: Purpose. The process of calcine production in rotary kilns at the Ferronikeli plant in Drenas is realized with great difficulties as a result of the formation of large adhesions in the areas of rotary kilns. So far, the removal of load adhesions during the work process inside the rotary kilns is achieved only by their physical removal. The purpose of the paper is to determine the factors in reducing adhesions in the process of calcine production in the areas of rotary kilns, in the Ferronikeli plant in Drenas. Methodology. Chemical analysis of iron-nickel ore. The determination of the composition of the adhesives was performed with the X-RAY device, in the laboratory of the Ferronikeli plant. Method with the software Calphad 2020, at the University of Ljubljana. Findings. From the composition of iron-nickel ore, the composition of adhesives in rotary kilns, we manage to determine the thermodynamic phases and exothermic and endothermic processes that take place in the process of rotary kilns. From the determinations of the composition of the adhesives in the software alphad 2020, we manage to determine one of the factors that affect the formation of adhesives based on the stages during the process, which do not have a stability, as a result of high moisture content of iron-nickel ores. Originality. Based on the study at the Ferronikeli plant, shovels were placed on the walls of the rotary kilns in the three areas, the removal of fireclay bricks, the placement of anchored concrete and the project for the placement of two kilns for kiln ore were started. Practical value.The placement of the shovels has increased the temperature inside the rotary kilns. While the placement of dryers will have an impact on reducing the adhesions inside the rotary kilns and from the economic point of view, we will have a reduction of fuels in the load of the rotary kilns.

scholarly journals Toward the recovery of common sense in a post-critical intellectual ethos

1993 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Cannon
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Hannah Arendt ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Academic Life ◽  
Michael Polanyi ◽  
Academic Practice ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
The University

This article attempts to articulate what philosopherscientist Michael Polanyi meant by a post-critical intellectual ethos and to explore its implications for concrete academic practice. The modern critical tradition’s strategy for defeating the demon of self-doubt and for securing certainty, as Hannah Arendt has written, restricts serious candidates for belief to those whose conditions of truth can be rendered wholly immanent to focal consciousness within a point of view that is simply taken for granted. Thereby it forecloses the possibility of recognizing the partiality of its own perspective vis-á-vis that of others, taking into account the relevant perspectives of other persons, and reaching any kind of sense in common between perspectives. The institutionalization of this strategy in 20th century academic life is amply and insightfully documented in Bruce Wilshire’s Moral Collapse of the University. Michael Polanyi, in his writings, adumbrates a post-critical intellectual ethos in which the making of sense in common between persons of differing perspective is central to the enterprise of teaching, learning, and research.

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