scholarly journals A Frequency Ratio Account of Temporal Atomism

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-127
Author(s):  
Carey R. Carlson ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Ratio ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Relative Duration ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Physical Universe ◽  
Temporal Succession ◽  
Energy Ratios ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Frequency Ratios

This article examines the time duration of individual occasions in the light of the discovery that temporal succession produces frequency ratios. The frequency ratios are used to define energy ratios and the quantum. The manifold and the common particles are constructed graphically using the arrows of time, with the mass-ratios of the particles derivable from the graphs. The formal reduction of physics to time compels us to adopt Whitehead's conception of the physical universe as occasions of experience engaged in temporal/causal succession. The relative duration of the constituent occasions of the particles are determined by their graphs. In the final section, a refined account of the mind-brain interaction sequence confirms the duration of a human occasion as one tenth of a second.

Common Visa Policy: Bordering from Abroad—Applying Admission Criteria before Departure

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Moreno-Lax
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Admission Criteria ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Common ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Visa Policy ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Common Policy

Visas are specifically aimed at controlling admission at the stage of pre-departure and constitute one of the essential requirements for entry under the Schengen Borders Code. This chapter examines the common policy of the EU, conceptualizing them as pre-authorizations of entry granted before arrival in the territory of the Member States. Visa requirements, as introduced in the Visa Regulation, are perused at the outset, taking account of periodic revisions of the visa lists and the criteria for amendment considered relevant by the EU legislator. The key features of the uniform visa format and the Visa Information System (VIS) are briefly presented, highlighting their contribution to the securitisation of migration flows. Then, the visa issuing procedure, as governed by the Community Code on Visas (CCV), is examined. The final section is reserved to the analysis of the implications of the different components of the policy regarding access to asylum in the Member States.

Exploring the X-ray universe via timing: mass of the active galactic nucleus black hole XMMUJ134736.6+173403

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (S356) ◽  
pp. 348-350
Author(s):  
Eva Šrámková ◽  
K. Goluchová ◽  
G. Török ◽  
Marek A. Abramowicz ◽  
Z. Stuchlík ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Frequency Ratio ◽  
Active Galactic Nucleus ◽  
Periodic Modulation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
M 10 ◽  
Frequency Ratios ◽  
Quasiperiodic Oscillations ◽  
Twin Peak

AbstractA strong quasi-periodic modulation has recently been revealed in the X-ray flux of the X-ray source XMMUJ134736.6+173403. The two observed twin-peak quasiperiodic oscillations (QPOs) exhibit a 3:1 frequency ratio and strongly support the evidence for the presence of an active galactic nucleus black hole (AGN BH). It has been suggested that detections of twin-peak QPOs with commensurable frequency ratios and scaling of their periods with BH mass could provide the basis for a method intended to determine the mass of BH sources, such as AGNs. Assuming the orbital origin of QPOs, we calculate the upper and lower limit on the AGN BH mass M, reaching M ≍ 107–109M⊙. Compared to mass estimates of other sources, XMMUJ134736.6+173403 appears to be the most massive source with commensurable QPO frequencies, and its mass represents the current observational upper limit on the AGN BH mass obtained from the QPO observations.

Etymology and Semantic Spectrum of adhimukti and Related Terms in Buddhist Texts

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-29
Author(s):  
Giacomo Benedetti
Keyword(s):  
External Reality ◽  
Original Meaning ◽  
Meditative Practice ◽  
Stable Representation ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Mental Objects

The action noun adhimukti derives from the verb adhi-muc, not attested in Classical Sanskrit but in P?li. It is regularly used in the passive, with the original meaning ‘to be fastened to’, and then ‘to adhere’. This meaning is not used in a concrete sense, but in a metaphorical one, referred to mind and mental objects, so that adhimukti can be used to express inclination, faith in a doctrine, and also intentional and stable representation of an image or an idea in meditative practice, sometimes with the effect of transformation of external reality. The common feature appears to be adherence or the fixing of the mind on its object.

scholarly journals Deep-Down Time: Political Tradition in Central Africa

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 341-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Vansina
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Common View ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Common ◽  
Political Communities ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Impact

Around 1850 the peoples of central Africa from Duala to the Kunene River and from the Atlantic to the Great Lakes shared a common view of the universe and a common political ideology. This included assumptions about roles, statuses, symbols, values, and indeed the very notion of legitimate authority. Among the plethora of symbols connected with these views were the leopard or the lion, the sun, the anvil, and the drum, symbolizing respectively the leader as predator, protector, forger of society, and the voice of all. Obviously, in each case the common political ideology was expressed in slightly different views, reflecting the impact of differential historical processes on different peoples. But the common core persisted. The gigantic extent of this phenomenon, encompassing an area equal to two-thirds of the continental United States, baffles the mind. How did it come about? Such a common tradition certainly did not arise independently in each of the hundreds of political communities that existed then. However absorbent and stable this mental political constellation was, it must have taken shape over a profound time depth. How and as a result of what did this happen? Is it even possible to answer such queries in a part of the world that did not generate written records until a few centuries ago or less?This paper addresses this question: how can one trace the social construction of such a common constellation over great time depths and over great regional scale? All the peoples involved are agriculturalists and the political repertory with which we are concerned could not easily exist in its known form outside sedentary societies.

Removing the Nationality Paradigm from Herodotus’ Histories

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-323
Author(s):  
Salvatore Tufano
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Persian Wars ◽  
Classical Definition ◽  
Mixed Language ◽  
Archaic Greece ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract The present paper suggests that the recurring appeal to kinship diplomacy undermines a fixed idea of ‘nation’ in Archaic Greece, especially in the first two decades of the fifth century BC. It aims to present a series of test cases in Herodotus that explain why contemporary patterns and theories on ancient ethnicity can hardly explain the totality of the historical spectrum. Blood ties could sometimes fortify ethnic relationships, as in the case of Aristagoras’ mission to Sparta (Hdt. 5.49.3), since the common Greekness could elicit the Spartan to help to the Ionians. In other times, the same blood ties were applied to divine genealogies, and they could also be used to show the feeble devotion of cities like Argos to the Greek cause (7.150.2: Xerxes expects the Argives to join the Persian cause, since they descend from Perses). Habits and traditions, often taken as indicia of national feeling, could be thought of as clues of ancient migrations (so the Trojans became Maxyes in Lybia: 4.191). Even language might not help in justifying ethnic relationships: for instance, the Greeks living in the Scythian Gelonus spoke a mixed language (4.108). These few case studies may shed a different light on the classical definition of Greekness (to hellenikon) in terms of blood, language, cults, and habits, all given by Herodotus (8.144). Far from being a valid label for all the Greeks of the fifth century, this statement owes much to a specific variety of the language of kinship diplomacy. The final section argues for the opportunity to avoid the later and misleading idea of nation when studying Herodotus and the age of the Persian Wars, which are instead characterized by various and contrasting strategies. Greek groups and ethne can be better described as networks of lightly defined communities.

scholarly journals Revising the musical equal temperament

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haye Hinrichsen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Frequency Ratio ◽  
Western Music ◽  
Equal Temperament ◽  
Frequency Ratios ◽  
High Degree

Western music is predominantly based on the equal temperament with a constant semitone frequency ratio of 21/12. Although this temperament has been in use since the nineteenth century and in spite of its high degree of symmetry, various musicians have repeatedly expressed their discomfort with the harmonicity of certain intervals. Recently it was suggested that this problem can be overcome by introducing a modified temperament with a constant but slightly increased frequency ratio. In this paper we confirm this conjecture quantitatively. Using entropy as a measure for harmonicity, we show numerically that the harmonic optimum is in fact obtained for frequency ratios slightly larger than 21/12. This suggests that the equal temperament should be replaced by a harmonized stretched temperament as a new standard.

scholarly journals Podejście zadaniowe (enfoque por tareas) a strategie komunikacyjne w nauczaniu języka hiszpańskiego jako obcego

Neofilolog ◽  
1970 ◽  
pp. 247-256
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Spychała
Keyword(s):  
Language Learners ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Teaching Approach ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sample Set

The article discusses task-based learning (TBL) in Spanish: enfoque por tareas, which is a teaching approach whose aim is to develop the learner’s communicative competence as well as to help the teacher activate language learners in the classroom – in this case learners of Spanish. The article describes the main objectives of the task and projects defined in the Common European Framework, including the proposed activities designed to fulfill a given task. The final section presents a sample set of lessons following TBL and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of this approach.

scholarly journals The Possibility of a Scientific Approach to Analytic Theology

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 178-198
Author(s):  
Andrew Torrance
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Religion ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The University ◽  
Independent Reality

A question that is often asked of analytic theologians is: what, if anything, distinguishes analytic theology from philosophy of religion? In this essay, I consider two approaches to what is called “analytic theology.” I argue that the first approach, which I associate with the common practice of analytic theology in the university, is very difficult to distinguish consistently from philosophy of religion. I also argue, however, that there is another approach that can be more clearly distinguished from philosophy of religion (generally understood). Following Aquinas, I associate this with a scientific approach to analytic theology: an approach that is distinguished by a specific commitment to understanding the mind-independent reality of God and all things in relation to God. The primary aim of this essay is to present an account of this latter approach and ask whether it might be possible to take such an approach in the contemporary university.

scholarly journals LET’S JOIN OUR HANDS, MY DEAR FRIENDS: BULAT OKUDZHAVA IN THE INTERTEXTUAL THESAURUS OF THE YOUNG

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Валентина Даниловна Черняк ◽  
Мария Александровна Черняк
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Single Culture ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fathers And Sons ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Russian Linguistic ◽  
National Corpus

Введение. Рассматривается проблема культурного диалога представителей разных поколений. Прецедентные тексты, связанные с совокупностью знаний и представлений людей, принадлежащих к одной культуре, анализируются в связи со структурой языковой личности. Прецедентные феномены различных типов являются важной составляющей интертекстуального тезауруса. В процессе коммуникации немалую роль играют культурные аллюзии коммуникантов, их оперирование культурным багажом, в частности составляющими интертекстуального тезауруса. Цель – анализ той части тезауруса русской языковой личности, которая связана с крылатыми словами одного из значительных авторов XX века – Булата Окуджавы. Материал и методы. Постоянно воспроизводимые песни Булата Окуджавы формировали культурный код поколения 70–80-х гг. Многие фразы из его песен приобрели статус фольклорных, о чем свидетельствуют материалы словарей и Национального корпуса русского языка. Для исследования динамических процессов, характеризующих различия в культурной памяти поколений отцов и детей, был произведен эксперимент, в ходе которого были отобраны 10 популярных высказываний из поэзии Б. Окуджавы. Они легли в основу опроса, в котором участвовало около 1 000 человек. Респонденты должны были определить авторство высказываний и продолжить некоторые из них. Результаты и обсуждение. Анализ результатов опроса показал, что даже самые распространенные высказывания из песен Б. Окуджавы в большинстве случаев не соотносятся в сознании респондентов с именем автора. Приписывание авторства самым неожиданным именам свидетельствует о глубоких лакунах в культурной памяти молодых людей, в то же время строки Б. Окуджавы присутствуют в интертекстуальном тезаурусе языковой личности, что во многом связано с взаимодействием вербальной и аудиовизуальной информации. Заключение. Результаты анализа лексикографических источников и корпусные данные свидетельствуют о прецедентности многих поэтических строк Б. Окуджавы, в то же время анализ данных массового опроса отражает существенные изменения в интертекстуальном тезаурусе молодежи. Introduction. The article deals with the issue of the cultural communication between representatives of different generations. The precedent texts associated with the common knowledge of people belonging to a single culture are studied in line with the structure of a linguistic personality. Precedent phenomena of various types are an important part of an intertextual thesaurus. In the process of communication, the cultural allusions of communicants play a great role, as well as the application of their cultural backgrounds that include components of the intertextual thesaurus. Aim and objectives. The purpose of the article is to analyze the area of the Russian linguistic personality thesaurus that contains the catchphrases by Bulat Okudzhava – a prominent 20th century Russian author. Material and methods. Being constantly played out in the 1970–1980s, Bulat Okudzhava’s songs were shaping the cultural values of the generation. Many phrases from the songs got a folklore status, which is witnessed both by the dictionaries and by the Russian National Corpus. In order to study the dynamics characterizing the differences in the cultural memory of generations of fathers and sons an experiment has been carried out based on the 10 popular catchphrases from Okudzhava’s verse. These phrases underlie the survey covering an audience of approximately 1,000 people. Those surveyed had to determine the authorship of the phrases and to continue some of them. Results and discussion. The analysis showed that in most cases there are no links in the mind of respondents between the name of Bulat Okudzhava and even the most widespread phrases from his songs. The authorship was often attributed to fully unexpected names, which shows serious gaps in the cultural memory of the young. However, it was proven that Okudzhava’s catchphrases definitely exist in the intertextual thesaurus of the linguistic personality, which is surely determined by the interaction of verbal and multimedia information. Conclusion. The analysis of the dictionary entries and the corpus data proves the precedent status of many of the Okudzhava’s phrases. Nevertheless, the results of the mass survey reflect a significant change in the intertextual thesaurus of the young.

scholarly journals On the nature and role of Consciousness: is it time to move towards a metaphilosophical and metascientific approach?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ENRICO FACCO ◽  
Fabio Fracas ◽  
Silvano Tagliagambe ◽  
Patrizio Tressoldi
Keyword(s):  
Anthropic Principle ◽  
First Person ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
The Common ◽  
First Person Perspective ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Common Field

The main aim of this paper is to support a metaphilosophical and metascientific approach to the study of Consciousness.After a brief historical resume of the debate between the mind-brain-body relationship, we discuss how the apparently irreducible contention between a physicalist and an anti-physicalist interpretation of Consciousness can be overcome by a metaphilosophic and metascientific approach in the attempt to overcome ethnocentric cultural filters and constraints yielded by the Weltanschauung and the Zeitgeist one belongs to. IN fact, a metaphilosophical perspective can help to recognize key concepts and meanings common to different philosophies beyond their formal differences and different modes of theorization, where the common field of reflection is aimed to find the problem’s unity in the multiplicity of forms. Likewise, the metascientific approach, such as the anthropic principle adopted in astrophysics, helps overcoming the problems of indecidability of single axiomatic disciplines.A metaphilosophical and metascientific approach seems appropriate in the study of consciousness and subjective phenomena, since the first-person perspective and the meaning of the experience are the condition sine qua non for their proper understanding.

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