Emergence of a High-Grade Sarcoma in a Recurrent Meningioma: Malignant Progression or Collision Tumor?

2011 ◽  
Vol 135 (7) ◽  
pp. 935-940
Author(s):  
Buge Oz ◽  
Melike Pekmezci ◽  
Reza Dashti ◽  
Kutlay Karaman ◽  
Cengiz Kuday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Collision Tumor ◽  
World Health ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Multiple Meningiomas ◽  
Short Period ◽  
High Grade Sarcoma ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Anaplastic meningiomas that resemble sarcomas often reveal clues to their meningothelial differentiation or develop in a plausible setting that confirms their meningothelial origin. Malignant mesenchymal neoplasms without obvious evidence of meningothelial differentiation or origin are more likely to be true primary or metastatic sarcomas. Because of their clinical and biological differences, it is important to distinguish anaplastic meningioma from a sarcoma. We present a 67-year-old woman with multiple meningiomas, who developed a high-grade spindle cell tumor 6 months after the resection of a World Health Organization grade I meningioma. It was not clear whether this tumor represented a malignant transformation of meningioma or a primary sarcoma. Malignant transformation of a meningioma is exceptional within this short period and a coexisting sarcoma and meningioma are equally uncommon. Even though these malignant neoplasms are rare in general, they appear to be more prevalent in patients with multiple meningiomas including those with neurofibromatosis type 2.

scholarly journals Multiple meningiomas arising within the same hemisphere associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Hong ◽  
E. Zeynep Erson-Omay ◽  
Jennifer Moliterno
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
World Health ◽  
Li Fraumeni Syndrome ◽  
Multiple Meningiomas ◽  
Radiation History ◽  
Li Fraumeni ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Right ◽  
Time Of Presentation

Background: While meningiomas are some of the most common intracranial tumors, the presence of multiple ones at the time of presentation is rare and can most commonly be observed in patients with well-described syndromes (i.e., neurofibromatosis type 2) or those with prior cranial radiation history. In others, however, the pathophysiology remains unclear. Case Description: A 49-year-old female with no significant personal or familial oncologic medical history presented with a generalized seizure and was found to have ten meningiomas arising within the right hemisphere. She underwent a two-staged resection of all tumors, with pathology revealing the World Health Organization Grade I meningioma. Whole-exome sequencing revealed somatic NF2 mutations and heterozygous deletion of chromosome 22 overlapping with NF2, and analysis of the germline uncovered mutations of TP53, rendering a diagnosis of Li-Fraumeni Syndrome. Conclusions: This case represents a novel presentation of multiple meningiomas in a patient with newly diagnosed Li-Fraumeni syndrome, suggesting meningioma may be considered as part of this tumor-predisposed patient population.

Obstacles to Claiming Permanence and Injury-Relatedness for “Posttraumatic” Headache

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Robert J. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Complete Recovery ◽  
World Health ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Posttraumatic Headache ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Causative Relationship ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Subjective Reports

Abstract “Posttraumatic” headaches claims are controversial because they are subjective reports often provided in the complex of litigation, and the underlying pathogenesis is not defined. This article reviews principles and scientific considerations in the AMAGuides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) that should be noted by evaluators who examine such cases. Some examples in the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, may seem to imply that mild head trauma can cause permanent impairment due to headache. The author examines scientific findings that present obstacles to claiming that concussion or mild traumatic brain injury is a cause of permanent headache. The World Health Organization, for example, found a favorable prognosis for posttraumatic headache, and complete recovery over a short period of time was the norm. Other studies have highlighted the lack of a dose-response correlation between trauma and prolonged headache complaints, both in terms of the frequency and the severity of trauma. On the one hand, scientific studies have failed to support the hypothesis of a causative relationship between trauma and permanent or prolonged headaches; on the other hand, non–trauma-related factors are strongly associated with complaints of prolonged headache.

Metody cytogenetyki molekularnej w różnicowaniu agresywnych B-NHL

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Beata Grygalewicz
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Large B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Large B Cell

StreszczenieB-komórkowe agresywne chłoniaki nieziarnicze (B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma – B-NHL) to heterogenna grupa nowotworów układu chłonnego, wywodząca się z obwodowych limfocytów B. Aberracje cytogenetyczne towarzyszące B-NHL to najczęściej translokacje onkogenów takich jak MYC, BCL2, BCL6 w okolice genowych loci dla łańcuchów ciężkich lub lekkich immunoglobulin. W niektórych przypadkach dochodzi do wystąpienia kilku wymienionych aberracji jednocześnie, tak jak w przypadkach przebiegających z równoczesną translokacją genów MYC i BCL2 (double hit), niekiedy także z obecnością rearanżacji BCL6 (triple hit). Takie chłoniaki cechuje szczególnie agresywny przebieg kliniczny. Obecnie molekularna diagnostyka cytogenetyczna przy użyciu techniki fluorescencyjnej hybrydyzacji in situ (FISH) oraz, w niektórych przypadkach, aCGH jest niezbędnym narzędziem rozpoznawania, klasyfikowania i oceny stopnia zaawansowania agresywnych, nieziarniczych chłoniaków B-komórkowych. Technika mikromacierzy CGH (aCGH) była kluczowym elementem wyróżnienia prowizorycznej grupy chłoniaków Burkitt-like z aberracją chromosomu 11q (Burkitt-like lymphoma with 11q aberration – BLL, 11q) w najnowszej klasyfikacji nowotworów układu chłonnego Światowej Organizacji Zdrowia (World Health Organization – WHO) z 2016 r. Omówione zostaną sposoby różnicowania na poziomie cytogenetycznym takich chłoniaków jak: chłoniak Burkitta (Burkitt lymphoma – BL), chłoniak rozlany z dużych komórek B (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma – DLBCL) oraz 2 nowych jednostek klasyfikacji WHO 2016, czyli chłoniaka z komórek B wysokiego stopnia złośliwości z obecnością translokacji MYC i BCL2 i/lub BCL6 (high-grade B-cell lymphoma HGBL, with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 translocations) oraz chłoniaka BLL, 11q.

scholarly journals T2 mapping of the peritumoral infiltration zone of glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 197140092198932
Author(s):  
Timo Alexander Auer ◽  
Maike Kern ◽  
Uli Fehrenbach ◽  
Yasemin Tanyldizi ◽  
Martin Misch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Time ◽  
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Anaplastic Astrocytoma ◽  
T2 Mapping ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Grade ◽  
High Grade Gliomas ◽  
Health Organization

Purpose To characterise peritumoral zones in glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma evaluating T2 values using T2 mapping sequences. Materials and methods In this study, 41 patients with histopathologically confirmed World Health Organization high grade gliomas and preoperative magnetic resonance imaging examinations were retrospectively identified and enrolled. High grade gliomas were differentiated: (a) by grade, glioblastoma versus anaplastic astrocytoma; and (b) by isocitrate dehydrogenase mutational state, mutated versus wildtype. T2 map relaxation times were assessed from the tumour centre to peritumoral zones by means of a region of interest and calculated pixelwise by using a fit model. Results Significant differences between T2 values evaluated from the tumour centre to the peritumoral zone were found between glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma, showing a higher decrease in signal intensity (T2 value) from tumour centre to periphery for glioblastoma ( P = 0.0049 – fit-model: glioblastoma –25.02± 19.89 (–54–10); anaplastic astrocytoma –5.57±22.94 (–51–47)). Similar results were found when the cohort was subdivided by their isocitrate dehydrogenase profile, showing an increased drawdown from tumour centre to periphery for wildtype in comparison to mutated isocitrate dehydrogenase ( P = 0.0430 – fit model: isocitrate dehydrogenase wildtype –10.35±16.20 (–51) – 0; isocitrate dehydrogenase mutated 12.14±21.24 (–15–47)). A strong statistical proof for both subgroup analyses ( P = 0.9987 – glioblastoma R2 0.93±0.08; anaplastic astrocytoma R2 0.94±0.15) was found. Conclusion Peritumoral T2 mapping relaxation time tissue behaviour of glioblastoma differs from anaplastic astrocytoma. Significant differences in T2 values, using T2 mapping relaxation time, were found between glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma, capturing the tumour centre to the peritumoral zone. A similar curve progression from tumour centre to peritumoral zone was found for isocitrate dehydrogenase wildtype high grade gliomas in comparison to isocitrate dehydrogenase mutated high grade gliomas. This finding is in accordance with the biologically more aggressive behaviour of isocitrate dehydrogenase wildtype in comparison to isocitrate dehydrogenase mutated high grade gliomas. These results emphasize the potential of mapping techniques to reflect the tissue composition of high grade gliomas.

scholarly journals Nasopharyngeal non-intestinal-type adenocarcinoma: a case report and updated review of the literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jain ◽  
L. Caulley ◽  
K.I. Macdonald ◽  
B. Purgina ◽  
C.K. Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Intestinal Type ◽  
World Health ◽  
Primary Radiation ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Rare Tumours ◽  
Intestinal Type Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Masses

Background Non-intestinal-type adenocarcinoma is a malignancy traditionally found in the sinonasal cavity. To our knowledge, this case is the first reported of this rare condition originating in the nasopharynx.Case Presentation A 67-year-old woman with nasopharyngeal non-intestinal-type adenocarcinoma, with an accompanying parapharyngeal mass received primary radiation treatment for both lesions. Her tumour subsequently persisted, with a concomitant conversion in pathology from a low- to a high-grade malignancy.Results Non-intestinal-type and intestinal-type adenocarcinomas of the nasopharynx are extremely rare tumours and do not appear in the World Health Organization classification system. We review the pathophysiologic features of these malignancies and propose modifications to the current classification system.Conclusions Non-intestinal-type adenocarcinoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of nasopharyngeal masses. In our experience, this tumour in this location showed a partial response to primary radiation but later converted from a low- to a high-grade adenocarcinoma.

Mixed Adenocarcinomas of the Lung: Place in New Proposals in Classification, Mandatory for Target Therapy

2010 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Chilosi ◽  
Bruno Murer
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
World Health ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Context.—Lung cancer is one of the most frequent and lethal malignant neoplasms, but knowledge regarding the molecular basis of its pathogenesis is far from complete due to the striking diversity of different forms. The current lung cancer classification (World Health Organization 2004) can efficiently distinguish clinically relevant major subtypes (small cell and non–small cell carcinomas), but its results are partly inadequate when facing prognostic and therapeutic decisions for non–small cell carcinomas, especially for the group of tumors classified as adenocarcinoma. Lung adenocarcinoma comprises a heterogeneous group of tumors characterized by diverse morphologic features and molecular pathogenesis. The category of mixed adenocarcinomas includes most adenocarcinomas (approximately 80%) and, according to World Health Organization criteria, is defined by the occurrence of a mixed array of different patterns (acinar, papillary, bronchioloalveolar, solid with mucin). The histologic recognition of mixed adenocarcinoma is subjective and cannot consistently discriminate between responders and nonresponders to new targeted therapies (eg, tyrosine kinase inhibitors). Diagnostic problems are mainly related to the poor reproducibility of histologic criteria, especially when applied in small biopsies and cytology, and to the difficulty in assigning each form to a precisely defined entity, as needed by updated therapeutic approaches. In this evolving scenario, pathologists face new challenging diagnostic roles that include not only the precise morphologic definition of carcinoma subtypes but also their molecular characterization. Objective.—To use a comprehensive critical analysis reconciling the overwhelming variety of biologic, morphologic, molecular, and clinical data to define new classification schemes for lung adenocarcinoma. Data Sources.—Scientific literature and personal data were used. Conclusions.—A new classification approach should redefine lung adenocarcinoma heterogeneity reconciling classic morphology, immunophenotypic and molecular features of neoplastic cells, and also relevant information provided by stem cell biology. This approach, which has been already successfully applied in World Health Organization classification of other tumors, could improve the recognition of new reproducible profiles for adenocarcinomas, more closely and reproducibly related to clinical features and response to specific therapies, limiting the use of “wastebasket” categories such as mixed adenocarcinoma.

scholarly journals Genetic Abnormalities, Clonal Evolution, and Cancer Stem Cells of Brain Tumors

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugo Testa ◽  
Germana Castelli ◽  
Elvira Pelosi
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Clonal Evolution ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Driver Mutations ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Genetic Profiling ◽  
Health Organization

Brain tumors are highly heterogeneous and have been classified by the World Health Organization in various histological and molecular subtypes. Gliomas have been classified as ranging from low-grade astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas to high-grade astrocytomas or glioblastomas. These tumors are characterized by a peculiar pattern of genetic alterations. Pediatric high-grade gliomas are histologically indistinguishable from adult glioblastomas, but they are considered distinct from adult glioblastomas because they possess a different spectrum of driver mutations (genes encoding histones H3.3 and H3.1). Medulloblastomas, the most frequent pediatric brain tumors, are considered to be of embryonic derivation and are currently subdivided into distinct subgroups depending on histological features and genetic profiling. There is emerging evidence that brain tumors are maintained by a special neural or glial stem cell-like population that self-renews and gives rise to differentiated progeny. In many instances, the prognosis of the majority of brain tumors remains negative and there is hope that the new acquisition of information on the molecular and cellular bases of these tumors will be translated in the development of new, more active treatments.

scholarly journals Guidelines on controlling latent tuberculosis infection to support tuberculosis elimination

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
P Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Short Treatment ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Latent Tb Infection ◽  
Health Organization

Objectives: Latent TB infection (LTBI) affects 25% of the world’s population. As long as this reservoir exists, the elimination of TB will not be feasible. The Assembly of the World Health Organization adopted the “Global End TB” strategy for the elimination of TB in 2014. The objective of this review is to present strategies for risk groups that are candidates for the detection and treatment of LTBI. Material and method: There is sufficient evidence of screening in: immunocompromised people (HIV-infected, biological therapies, alternative renal therapy, organ transplantation), recent immigrants, inmates in prison, people injecting drugs and homeless people, and workers from at-risk settings. Tests to diagnose LTBI include tuberculin skin test (TST) and gamma release assay interferon (IGRA). There is no reference test and the choice of one or the other will depend on logistical considerations, such as avoiding injection (TST) or not needing a second visit (IGRA). Treatment of LTBI is based on the use of isoniazide and rifampicin in short period of 3 or 4 months, using associations of rifampicin and isoniazide or rifampicin alone. Discussion: Given the estimated high prevalence of LTBI, renewed efforts are required to reduce the number of people with LTBI that includes a registration and monitoring system to observer progress, increased testing, and the use of short treatment guidelines.

scholarly journals Fighting Strategies Against the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic: Impact on Global Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bapi Gorain ◽  
Hira Choudhury ◽  
Nagashekhara Molugulu ◽  
Rajani B. Athawale ◽  
Prashant Kesharwani
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Population ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Treatment Measures ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Sudden outbreak of a new pathogen in numbers of pneumonic patients in Wuhan province during December 2019 has threatened the world population within a short period of its occurrence. This respiratory tract–isolated pathogen was initially named as novel coronavirus 2019 (nCoV-2019), but later termed as SARS-CoV-2. The rapid spreading of this infectious disease received the label of pandemic by the World Health Organization within 4 months of its occurrence, which still seeks continuous attention of the researchers to prevent the spread and for cure of the infected patients. The propagation of the disease has been recorded in 215 countries, with more than 25.5 million cases and a death toll of more than 0.85 million. Several measures are taken to control the disease transmission, and researchers are actively engaged in finding suitable therapeutics to effectively control the disease to minimize the mortality and morbidity rates. Several existing potential candidates were explored in the prevention and treatment of worsening condition of COVID-19 patients; however, none of the formulation has been approved for the treatment but used under medical supervision. In this article, a focus has been made to highlight on current epidemiology on the COVID-19 infection, clinical features, diagnosis, and transmission, with special emphasis on treatment measures of the disease at different stages of clinical research and the global economic influence due to this pandemic situation. Progress in the development on vaccine against COVID-19 has also been explored as important measures to immunize people. Moreover, this article is expected to provide information to the researchers, who are constantly combating in the management against this outbreak.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Economic, Environmental, and Social Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Japanese Tourism Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Kitamura ◽  
Selim Karkour ◽  
Yuki Ichisugi ◽  
Norihiro Itsubo
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
World Health ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Table Analysis ◽  
Health Organization

According to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) annual Emissions Gap Report 2019, further reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are needed to reduce climate change impacts. In Japan, the 2030 Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) target is an emissions reduction of 26% compared to 2013. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has led to 43,341,451 confirmed cases and 1,157,509 confirmed deaths globally and affected 218 countries (as of 27 October 2020). In Japan, as of the same date, 96,948 infectious cases and 1724 deaths related to the new coronavirus had been recorded. These numbers continue to increase. In Japan, in March 2020, the number of international tourist arrivals decreased by about 93% compared to last year at the same period. The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) reported several significant scenarios for the tourism industry. COVID-19 is the greatest shock to international tourism since 1950 and represents an abrupt end to the 10-year period of sustained growth that followed the 2009 financial crisis. It was thought that it would be possible to analyze the economic, environmental, and social impacts of rapid social changes. Thus, this study estimates changes in Japan’s tourist consumption, the carbon footprint (CFP), and employment due to the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The calculations in this study adopt a lifecycle approach using input–output tables. Based on these observations, this study uses four scenarios (SR 1, no recovery until December; SR 2, recovery from October; SR 3, recovery from July or September; and SR 0, same growth rate as 2018–2019) for Japan to calculate the CFP and employment change using input–output table analysis based on tourist consumption, which is a tourism metric. According to our results (2019 vs. SR 1 and 3), the consumption loss is between 20,540 billion yen (−65.1%) and 12,704 billion yen (−39.1%), the CFP reduction is between 89,488 Mt-CO2eq (−64.2%) and 54,030 Mt-CO2eq (−37.5%), and the employment loss is between 2,677,000 people (−64.2%) and 1,678,000 people (−37.5%). As of November 2020, the tourism industry continues to be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. In the post-COVID-19 society, it will be necessary to maintain the GHG emissions reductions achieved in this short period and realize economic recovery. This recovery must also be sustainable for tourism stakeholders and society.

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