scholarly journals Effects of bio-organics and chemical fertilizers on nutrient availability and biological properties of pomegranate orchard soil

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (37) ◽  
pp. 4623-4627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mir Muzaffar ◽  
I Hassan G ◽  
Mir Abid ◽  
Hassan Amir ◽  
Sulaimani Muzamil
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Orchard Soil

Degradation of Oil by Land Disposal

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tesan ◽  
D. Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Land Disposal ◽  
Micro Organisms

The work presented consists of a test procedure applied at a pilot scale using soil as a biological degradation agent. The experiments described were carried out with oily residues considered as wastes difficult to degrade by other means. The tests were applied to filter cake with activated clay containing 40% oil and oily residues from re-refining of lubricants to give white oils and vaseline. The effect of the amount of moisture is evaluated using a mechanical stirrer to improve the interaction between the wastes and microorganisms. The following are also evaluated: nutrient availability; incorporation of micro-organisms into the soil; introduction of chemical fertilizers; and, injections of sludge from effluent treatment plants.

scholarly journals Using bio-manipulation to optimise nutrient management within intensive farm systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vito Abbruzzese
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Know How ◽  
System P ◽  
Livestock Farms ◽  
Farm System ◽  
The Impact

The research project aims to enhance organic nutrient management in livestock farms using microbial and enzyme inoculations, with a particular focus on the phosphorus biogeochemical cycle. In order to do this the first approach consists of characterising the chemical and biological properties of farm slurries as a baseline to evaluate possible amendments of the intrinsic properties of the slurry. Consequently, it is pivotal to consider properties such as plant nutrients, i.e., phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium, as well as the microbial community within the slurry. Likewise, attention needs to be paid to soil chemical and biological properties, e.g. pH, salinity and organic matter, as well as to the variety of organisms inhabiting the soil, in order to determine the impact of inoculation on phosphorus cycling and nutrient availability for plant use. Furthermore, it is important to know how soil and its productivity may be influenced by the addition of the inoculated slurry. Of particular interest are also the soil properties which have an effect on plant growth. The pH of soil and, notably, nutrient availability and retention capacity are some of the features on which to direct the research in order to assess the quality of soil and, as a result, the production of a grass crop in livestock farms. The characterisation of these properties will be performed using a variety of approaches, beginning with analysis at laboratory- and mesocosm-scales and progressing to a fieldwork approach in order to evaluate the results directly in a farm system.

Soil chemical and biological properties affected by 21-year application of composted manure with chemical fertilizers in a Chinese Mollisol

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. H. Li ◽  
X. Z. Han ◽  
H. B. Li ◽  
C. Song ◽  
J. Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N

Li, X. H., Han, X. Z., Li, H. B., Song, C., Yan, J. and Liang, Y. 2012. Soil chemical and biological properties affected by 21-year application of composted manure with chemical fertilizers in a Chinese Mollisol. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 419–428. The effects of 21-yr of application of chemical fertilizers, composted pig manure (CPM) alone, and chemical fertilizers combined with compost on soil chemical and biological properties were investigated. Soil samples (0–20cm) were collected from a long-term fertilization experiment under corn (Zea mays L.) production in 2006, prior to seeding, at the corn tasseling stage and following harvest. Fertilizer treatments were: no fertilizer (CK), nitrogen fertilizer alone (N), N + phosphorus (NP), N + P + potassium (NPK), CPM, N + CPM, N + P + CPM (NP + CPM), and N + P + K + CPM (NPK + CPM). Long-term application of N alone resulted in a reduction of soil pH by 0.38 units and reduced the available P concentration compared with CK. An increase in soil pH was seen with CPM alone and NPK + CPM. Both fertilizers sources, singly and combined, increased the total N and available N concentrations. Total P and total K concentrations were greatest with the NPK + CPM treatment. All fertilizer treatments increased the soil organic carbon (SOC), light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) concentrations significantly (P < 0.05) at the tasseling stage. The NPK + CPM treatment showed the greatest increase in SOC (12%), LFOC (78%) and MBC (44%) concentrations, compared with CK. Soil enzyme activities (invertase, urease, acid and alkaline phosphatases) tended to be greater at tasseling than other sampling dates, with highest enzyme activities in the NPK + CPM treatments. These findings suggest that a long-term application of CPM combined with NPK is an efficient strategy to maintain or increase soil quality in Mollisols for sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Cementing the Organic Farming by Green Manures

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Bishal Bista ◽  
Sagar Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Toxic Materials ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Soil Available Nutrients ◽  
Modern Era

In this modern era of chemicals, the haphazard use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides and weedicide is becoming a great concern. Accumulation and magnification of those toxic materials in soil is degrading soil health and also affects the human health indirectly. Hence, Agriculture is concentrating more towards organic, sustainable and eco-friendly measures of production. Provision of healthy organic products is a great challenge for modern agriculturist (Farmers). Organic farming relies on judicious use of FYM, Compost, Vermicompost, Green manures and several other factors. Green manures are organic sources for amelioration of soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Furthermore, Green manure conserves the soil available nutrients and suppresses the losses incurred due to erosion, leaching etc. Not only that, Green manure inhibits the several disease, pests and weeds.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(2): 87-96 

The annual cycle of phytoplankton photosynthetic quantum efficiency, pigment composition and optical properties in the western English Channel

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Aiken ◽  
James Fishwick ◽  
Gerald Moore ◽  
Katharine Pemberton
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Linear Functions ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Bench Mark ◽  
English Channel

Phytoplankton photosynthetic quantum efficiency (PQE), pigments, absorption characteristics, species composition (converted to phytoplankton carbon, Cph) and other variables were measured at an offshore site in the western English Channel throughout 2001, using an opportunistic weekly sampling schedule. The variation of chlorophyll-a (Chla) and other phytoplankton pigments followed the classical seasonal cycle, driven by incident light, patterns of stratification and nutrient availability. Phytoplankton and pigment concentrations were low in the winter, rising to a peak in the spring ‘bloom’, with episodic blooms throughout the summer, an autumn bloom and a decline to the winter minimum. Surface layer Chla and total pigment (Tpig) concentrations were highly correlated for the whole year, yet it was observed that the fraction of Chla in Tpig (Chla/Tpig) was not constant and had a distinct seasonal pattern, low in winter and higher in spring, summer and autumn blooms. Chlorophyll-a/Tpig was linearly correlated with recent ambient light fluxes and maximum PQE (PQEm) throughout most of the year, though more significantly within seasonal periods. Chlorophyll-a and Tpig were both linearly correlated to Cph and the Chla/Cph ratio was significantly correlated with both Chla/Tpig and PQEm. Also the optical absorption ratios, a674/a443 and a674/a490 were significantly correlated with PQE and Chla/Tpig, indicating probable optical signatures for these two parameters. The seasonal cycle of measurements of photosynthetic quantum efficiency provided a bench-mark against which all the photosynthetically-driven seasonal changes of biological properties can be understood, in terms of incident solar radiation and nutrient availability. We conclude that phytoplankton synthesize Chla preferentially to other pigments or carbon compounds in conditions beneficial to growth. The PQEm, the ratios of Chla/Tpig, Chla/Cph and a674/a443 are greater when plants are growing actively. In periods of nutrient sufficiency, PQEm, Chla/Tpig and a674/a443 are all linear functions of the mean total photon flux for the recent few days. Photosynthetically driven changes in Chla synthesis, cause observed changes of Chla/Tpig and Chla/Cph ratios.

scholarly journals Effect of Agricultural Exploitation on the Activity of Alkaline Phosphatase and Its Kinetic Properties in Some Soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-135
Author(s):  
Luma Salih Jabbar Al-Taweel ◽  
Gaith Abedulkadhim Alwan Al- Jubouri
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Michaelis Constant ◽  
Orchard Soil ◽  
Controlled Substance

In order to study the role of agricultural exploitation in the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the province of Diwaniyah, six sites that differ in some of their chemical, physical and biological properties were selected (Diwaniyah, Sunniya, Shamiya, Daghara, Afak and Al Budair). Three types of soils were chosen in each location, namely, orchard soil, field soil and jungle soil. The kinetic parameters of the enzymes maximum velocity (Vmax) and Michaelis constant (Km) were estimated in all study soils using increasing concentrations of the controlled substance. The results present that the highest efficacy of this enzyme is in the orchard soil of all sites except the location of the center Diwaniyah and Shamia. The average efficacy values ranged between (208.11 - 234.95) μg P-Nitro phenol. g-1 soil. 1 hour-1. The highest value of maximum velocity (Vmax) recorded at the field soil of Al-Shamia site (108.57) μg P-Nitro phenol. g-1 soil. 1 hour-1. The lowest value recorded at the soil of a jungle field at the Sunniya location (49.62) μg P-nitro phenol. g-1 soil. 1 hour-1. While the orchard soil of Al-Budair had the highest value of the Michaelis constant (Km) of (85.90) mM, the orchard soil of the Sunniya location had the lowest value (24.34) mM.

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