Rabies in animals and humans in and around Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia: A retrospective and questionnaire based study

Shisha smoking is also known as hookah, water pipe, goza, and nargile. Shisha use among the young is increasing globally. Shisha smoke results in a high concentration of carbon monoxide, tar, nicotine, and heavy metals which can be toxic to humans, especially with chronic exposure. This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors of shisha smoking among in-school adolescents in Ethiopia. Four regional states in Ethiopia (Oromia, Amhara, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region, Tigray) and the capital city (Addis Ababa) were the study areas. A two-stage cluster sampling approach was employed to produce a representative sample. From the sampling frames in the study areas, 36 high schools were selected randomly. A multi-level logistic regression analysis was used to account for cluster-specific random effects, the effect of individuals’, and school-level variables for ever-use of shisha. A total of 3355 secondary school grade 9 and 10 students aged between 13 and 22 years took part in this study. A total of 86 (2.6%) and 20 (0.6%) of the study participants, reported that they had ever smoked or were current smokers of shisha, respectively. Of all study participants, 38.6% perceived shisha as less harmful than cigarettes and 48.5% reported that they do not know which was more harmful to health. Students were more likely to ever use shisha if they had friend/s who smoke shisha (AOR = 16.8, 95% CI: 6.4–44.3), ever smoked cigarettes (AOR = 8.2, 95% CI: 3.4–19.8), ever used khat (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI: 1.9–10.4), ever used marijuana (AOR = 3.9, 95% CI: 1.4–11.1), ever used smokeless tobacco (AOR = 3.1 95% CI: 1.1–8.4), and students had received income from their parents (AOR = 3.1 CI: 1.1–8.8). Prevalence of ever and current use of shisha among high school students is low in Ethiopia compared to many countries in Africa. The majority of adolescents perceived shisha as less harmful to health than cigarette smoking. Health education about the harmful effects of shisha should be delivered to adolescents, along with information on other substances like khat, cigarettes, marijuana, and smokeless tobacco to prevent initiation of substance use.

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Intergovernmental cooperation, divided societies and capital cities: The case of the Ethiopian capital

Verfassung in Recht und Übersee ◽

10.5771/0506-7286-2020-1-12 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 12-29

Author(s):

Yonatan T. Fessha

Keyword(s):

Democratic Republic ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Capital City ◽

Constitutional Politics ◽

Capital Cities ◽

Divided Societies ◽

Intergovernmental Cooperation ◽

Diverse Communities

Some call it Addis Ababa. Others call it Finfinnee. That is the capital city of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. “What’s in a name?” In fact, the name is at the centre of the row over the federal capital. Those who opt to refer the capital as Finfinnee claim that the capital belongs to the Oromo. Those that stick to the official name, Addis Ababa, reject the language of ownership. But this is not merely a fight over history. It is a constitutional politics that has gripped the federation. The debate over the Ethiopian capital brings to fore the question about the place of capital cities in multi-ethnic federations. Using the Ethiopian capital as a case study, this article investigates how capital cities can manage the tension between the accommodation of diverse communities and the indigeneity argument that is often used as a basis to claim ownership. The article argues that the mediation of tensions can be best addressed through the framework of intergovernmental cooperation.

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Knowledge of, and attitudes towards, Voluntary HIV Counselling and Testing services amongst adolescent high school students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Curationis ◽

10.4102/curationis.v35i1.103 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Abraham A. Gatta ◽

Gloria Thupayagale-Tshweneagae

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Study Data ◽

Capital City ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

School Based ◽

Hiv Counselling And Testing

Voluntary HIV counselling and testing (VHCT) is one of the key strategies in the prevention of HIV in Ethiopia. However, utilisation of the VHCT services amongst adolescents has been reported as low by previous studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate adolescents’ knowledge and attitudes towards VHCT services amongst adolescents attending high school in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia. A cross-sectional school-based design using quantitative methods was employed to attain the objectives of the study. Data collection was done using self-administered structured questionnaires amongst 378 adolescent high school students. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings revealed that 75.7% of students are aware of the voluntary HIV counselling and testing services; 62.2% use the services and suggested that VHCT services should be located in schools and youth clubs for better access by adolescents. Thirty-two percent of respondents rated themselves at risk of HIV infection and 35.2% were not willing to disclose their HIVpositive status to anybody. The findings of the study clearly indicate a need for a more accessible voluntary HIV counselling and testing services for adolescents.

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Major Production Problems of Dairy Cows of Different Farm Scales Located in the Capital City Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Journal of Veterinary Science & Technology ◽

10.4172/2157-7579.1000483 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 08 (06) ◽

Author(s):

Seble Aweke Tolera

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Capital City ◽

Production Problems

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Perception gaps on employable skills between technical and vocational education and training (TVET) teachers and students: the case of the garment sector in Ethiopia

Higher Education Skills and Work-based Learning ◽

10.1108/heswbl-08-2019-0105 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Shoko Yamada ◽

Christian S. Otchia

Keyword(s):

Vocational Education ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Education And Training ◽

Capital City ◽

Vocational Education And Training ◽

Oriented Growth ◽

Content Type ◽

Teachers And Students ◽

Technical And Vocational Education ◽

And Training

PurposeThis article focuses on the perception gaps between teachers and students of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) related to garment production and the reasons behind such gaps. Garment production is the priority sector for the Ethiopian government, which plans to make it the driver of export-oriented growth. At the same time, it is among the programs that demonstrate the lowest employment rates.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire was developed by the authors. It was completed by 162 students and 53 teachers in garment-related programs of seven TVET colleges in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia.FindingsThe findings show that while teachers tend to highlight the importance of practical skills, students desire broader coverage of practical and managerial skills and entrepreneurship. The expectations differ not only based on the person's recognition of labor market conditions but also by the conviction of the efficacy of the education and training system itself. Teachers tend to be persistent on conventional approaches of teaching, while the advanced training on new approaches based on the competency-based training (CBT) significantly impacts on their attitude. Meanwhile, students' perceptions are largely based on their job aspirations and motivations for schooling.Practical implicationsThe authors’ findings may serve to improve the relevance of the Ethiopian Occupation Standards.Originality/valueThe unique feature of this study is that the authors measure skills from multiple dimensions. While the authors examine participants' perceptions of occupation-specific skills, they also analyze the relationships of these perceptions with attitudinal and cognitive skills.

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TECHNOLOGY AND AGRARIAN CHANGE People of the Plow: An Agricultural History of Ethiopia, 1800–1990. By JAMES C. MCCANN. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1995. Pp. xviii + 298. £48.50 (ISBN 0-299-14610-3); £22.50, paperback (ISBN 0-299-14614-6).

The Journal of African History ◽

10.1017/s0021853796266903 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 123-177

Author(s):

DESSALEGN RAHMATO

Keyword(s):

Environmental History ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

Agrarian Change ◽

Capital City ◽

Northern Ethiopia ◽

Forest Zone ◽

University Of Wisconsin ◽

Crop Varieties ◽

History Of

This book is a history of Ethiopian plough agriculture set within the larger context of environmental history. The subject is further examined through such key themes as demography, urbanization, crop varieties and farm resources. The book is in two parts: Part I is a broad narrative of what the author calls the ‘ox-plow revolution’ and its social and economic consequences. Part II consists of three well-chosen case studies, namely Ankober in northern Ethiopia, a district which in the nineteenth century served as the royal granary of the Shoan kingdom; Gera, an area located in the forest zone in south-western Ethiopia; and Ada, the agricultural backyard of the capital city, Addis Ababa.

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Cyanotoxins in drinking water supply reservoir (Legedadi, Central Ethiopia): implications for public health safety

SN Applied Sciences ◽

10.1007/s42452-021-04313-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hanna Habtemariam ◽

Demeke Kifle ◽

Seyoum Leta ◽

Wendy Beekman ◽

Miquel Lürling

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Water Supply ◽

Algal Bloom ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Capital City ◽

Drinking Water Supply ◽

Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽

Drinking Water Source ◽

Supply Source

AbstractCyanobacterial blooms in drinking water supply affect its quality, which ultimately impacts ecosystem and public health. Thus, this cross-sectional study was conducted to perform a preliminary study on cyanotoxins via analysis of samples collected only once from two sites during the month of peak algal bloom and to subsequently prompt a comprehensive risk assessment in a major drinking water source, Legedadi Reservoir, of Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia. Samples were collected during peak algal bloom month (January 2018) from two sampling sites, near the dam (S1) and at the center of the reservoir (S2). Identification and enumeration of phytoplankton taxa were done and the measurement of common hepatotoxin (MCs and NOD) concentrations was conducted using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In the reservoir, cyanobacteria made up to 98% of total phytoplankton abundance, with Dolichospermum and Microcystis spp, dominating the phytoplankton community. In these first cyanotoxin analyses conducted for a drinking water supply source in Ethiopia, six major MC variants, namely MC-dmRR, MC-RR, MC-YR, MC-dmLR, MC-LR, and MC-LA, were detected in both algal seston and water samples. MC-LR was the most dominant MCs variant, while nodularin was not detected for both sampling sites. Extracellular total MC concentrations (μg L−1) of 453.89 and 61.63 and intracellular total MC concentrations (μg L−1) of 189.29 and 112.34 were recorded for samples from S1 and S2, respectively. The high concentrations of extracellular MCs, with MC-LR constituting the greatest proportion, indicate the extremely high potential public health risk for end-users.

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Knowledge and Oral Health Related Behaviour Among Visually Impared Subjects in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1081370/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wondwossen Fantaye ◽

Abdela Nur ◽

Getachew Kifle ◽

Fasikawit Engida

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Visual Impairment ◽

Visually Impaired ◽

Health Knowledge ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Well Being ◽

Capital City ◽

Oral Health Knowledge ◽

Health Related

Abstract Background: Oral health is a global issue. It has an enormous impact on the overall health and well-being of an individual. In addition, many studies indicate visual impairment as one of the constraints for proper maintenance of oral hygiene. However, little is known about visually impaired individuals' oral health knowledge and behavior in Ethiopia, Specifically in Addis Ababa. Therefore, this study is conducted to assess the oral health knowledge and related behaviors among participants with visual impairment in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: The study was carried out at the Ethiopian National Association for the blind, located in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia. Convenience sampling was used from the visually impaired library attendees' in the blind association. Sixty-five individuals, of which 46 males and 19 females, agreed to take part in the study. Of these, 30.8% had partial and 69.2% total visual impairment.Results: 61.3% with totally and 72% with partially visually impaired scored high in the knowledge of caries causes respectively. The use of tooth brushing was confirmed by 42.2% with totally and 25% with partially visually impaired. The use of Traditional chewing sticks was confirmed by 57.7% with totally and 30% with partially visually impaired individuals. Moreover, both (Toothbrush & Traditional chewing stick) was used by 35.5% totally and 55% partially visually impaired individuals, respectively.Conclusions: The study showed the awareness about the causes of Dental Caries among the visually impaired was high. However, the majority of them had a significant misconception about the causes of dental caries.

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Prospective Time Periodic Geographical Covid-19 Surveillance in Ethiopia Using a Space-time Scan Statistics: Detecting and Evaluating Emerging Clusters

10.21203/rs.3.rs-76052/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nuredin Nassir Azmach ◽

Tesfay Gebremariam Tesfahannes ◽

Samiya Abrar Abdulsemed ◽

Temam Abrar Hamza

Keyword(s):

Addis Ababa ◽

Space Time ◽

City Government ◽

Capital City ◽

Scan Statistics ◽

Individual Level ◽

Level Information ◽

Public Health Officials ◽

The Individual ◽

Time Scan

Abstract Background: On December 31, 2019, multiple pneumonia cases, subsequently identified as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was reported for the first time in Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei province in China. At that time, the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission had report 27 cases, of which seven are severely ill, and the remaining cases are stable and controllable. Since, then, the spread of COVID-19 has already taken on pandemic proportions, affecting over 100 countries in a matter of weeks. As of September 07, 2020, there had been more than 27 million confirmed cases and 889,000 total deaths, with an average mortality of about 3.3%, globally. In Ethiopia, 58,672 confirmed cases and 918 deaths and this number are likely to increase exponentially. It is critical to detect clusters of COVID-19 to better allocate resources and improve decision-making as the pandemics continue to grow.Methods: We have collected the individual-level information on patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 on daily bases from the official reports of the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH), regional, and city government of Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa health bureaus. Using the daily case data, we conducted a prospective space-time analysis with SaTScan version 9.6. We detect statistically significant space-time clusters of COVID-19 at the woreda and sub-city level in Ethiopia between March 13th-June 6th, 2020, and March 13th-June 24th, 2020.Results: The prospective space-time scan statistic detected “alive” and emerging clusters that are present at the end of our study periods; notably, nine more clusters were detected when adding the updated case data.Conclusions: These results can notify public health officials and decision-makers about where to improve the allocation of resources, testing areas; also, where to implement necessary isolation measures and travel bans. As more confirmed cases become available, the statistic can be rerun to support timely surveillance of COVID-19, demonstrated here. In Ethiopia, our research is the first geographic study that utilizes space-time statistics to monitor COVID-19.

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Ethiopia

Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Africa ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0022 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Marius Schneider ◽

Vanessa Ferguson

Keyword(s):

Addis Ababa ◽

Capital City ◽

United Nations Economic Commission ◽

Government Institutions ◽

The North ◽

Imperial Palace ◽

Economic Commission ◽

North Eastern ◽

North And South ◽

North Eastern Part

Ethiopia is a landlocked country in the north-eastern part of Africa, popularly known as the Horn of Africa, with an area of 1,104 million square kilometres (km). It shares borders with North and South Sudan, Somalia, Djibouti, Eritrea, and Kenya. It has a total population of approximately 110 million (2017), making it the second most populous nation in Africa, second to Nigeria. The capital city and largest city in Ethiopia is Addis Ababa and a population of 3,384,589. Addis Ababa also serves as the headquarters of the African Union (AU), the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), and is home to the country’s main government institutions, departments, and offices, including the Imperial Palace (residence and office of the Prime Minister) and the Ethiopian Parliamentary Building. Government offices are open from 0830 until 1730, with one hour lunch break from 1230 to 1330 on Monday to Thursday, and from 1130 until 1330 on Friday. The Ethiopian Birr (ETB) is the currency.

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