scholarly journals Model rainfall-runoff in the constraints Amazon

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Bruno Henrique Casavecchia ◽  
Frederico Terra de Almeida ◽  
Adilson Pacheco de Souza ◽  
Cornélio Alberto Zolin ◽  
Eduardo Morgan Uliana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Hydrologic Models ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Sample Methodology ◽  
Central Data

The aim of this study was based on different samples of settings for calibration and validation of IPH II model, using limited historical series of data of daily average water flow registered in Caiabi river hydrologic basin, a tributary stream of Teles Pires river- Mato Grosso. The total area of the study location is 440.98 km2, and there were installed three meteorological automatic stations for climate monitoring, and one linigraph in the basin end for monitoring the altimetric quotas and also to estimate the daily water flow of the river. The precipitation data, evapotranspiration and water flow used to feed the IPH II model were collected between 09/18/2015 and 04/30/2016, using sixty percent of the initial historical data to calibrate and forty percent to validate the model has shown better statistic performance, however rearranging the data and establishing the sixty percent of the central data for the calibration was verified that there was an increase in the statistical performance of the model making the simulations of the IPH II model were successful. It was indicated by the results that the sample methodology for calibration of hydrologic models can bring substantial improvement to the performance

scholarly journals Using satellite-based evapotranspiration estimates to improve the structure of a simple conceptual rainfall–runoff model

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 879-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tirthankar Roy ◽  
Hoshin V. Gupta ◽  
Aleix Serrat-Capdevila ◽  
Juan B. Valdes
Keyword(s):  
Model Performance ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Hydrologic Models ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Precipitation Estimates ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model

Abstract. Daily, quasi-global (50° N–S and 180° W–E), satellite-based estimates of actual evapotranspiration at 0.25° spatial resolution have recently become available, generated by the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM). We investigate the use of these data to improve the performance of a simple lumped catchment-scale hydrologic model driven by satellite-based precipitation estimates to generate streamflow simulations for a poorly gauged basin in Africa. In one approach, we use GLEAM to constrain the evapotranspiration estimates generated by the model, thereby modifying daily water balance and improving model performance. In an alternative approach, we instead change the structure of the model to improve its ability to simulate actual evapotranspiration (as estimated by GLEAM). Finally, we test whether the GLEAM product is able to further improve the performance of the structurally modified model. Results indicate that while both approaches can provide improved simulations of streamflow, the second approach also improves the simulation of actual evapotranspiration significantly, which substantiates the importance of making diagnostic structural improvements to hydrologic models whenever possible.

scholarly journals Aplicação do Tank Model como Ferramenta de Gestão na Bacia do Rio Perdizes – Cambará do Sul/RS

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1143
Author(s):  
Karla Campagnolo ◽  
Sofia Melo Vasconcellos ◽  
Vinicius Santanna Castiglio ◽  
Marina Refatti Fagundes ◽  
Masato Kobiyama
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
National Park ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
Tank Model ◽  
Calibration And Validation ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Soil Moisture Index

A representação do processo precipitação-vazão por meio de modelos hidrológicos conceituais visa quantificar o volume escoado em uma bacia como consequência de uma determinada precipitação. Aliados a eles, os índices têm sido uma ferramenta útil para quantificar eventos extremos, como o Soil Moisture Index (TMI) que foi formulado a partir do modelo hidrológico Tank Model. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi aplicar o Tank Model para a bacia do rio Perdizes, em Cambará do Sul (RS), e avaliar o desempenho do TMI para prever a ocorrência de cheias, limiar este utilizado para o fechamento da Trilha do rio do Boi, no Parque Nacional de Aparados da Serra (PNAS). Os dados utilizados na simulação foram obtidos pelas estações meteorológica e fluviométrica instaladas na bacia. Após a calibração e validação de três séries históricas no Tank Model, os valores obtidos do TMI foram comparados com os dias que a Trilha foi fechada, a partir de altos níveis registrados no rio Perdizes. O TMI demonstrou que o nível utilizado para fechar a Trilha do rio do Boi correspondeu a cheias em 72% das vezes. Portanto, o TMI mostrou bom desempenho ao indicar a ocorrência de cheias na área estudada, sendo uma ferramenta útil para a tomada de decisões na gestão do PNAS.  Application of the Tank Model as a Management Tool in the Perdizes River Basin - Cambará do Sul/RS.ABSTRACTThe representation of the rainfall-runoff process by means of conceptual hydrological models aims to quantify the volume drained in a basin as result of a specific precipitation. Allied to them, the indices have been a useful tool to quantify extreme events, such as the Tank Moisture Index (TMI) which was formulated from the Tank Model. Thus, the objective of this work was to apply the Tank Model to the Perdizes river basin, in Cambará do Sul (RS), and to evaluate the performance of the TMI to predict the occurrence of floods, the threshold used for the closure of the Rio do Boi trail, in the Aparados da Serra National Park (PNAS). The data used in the simulation were obtained at the meteorological and fluviometric stations installed in the basin. After the calibration and validation of three historical series in the Tank Model, the values obtained in the TMI were compared with the days when the Trail was closed, from high levels recorded in the Perdizes river. The average TMI values demonstrated that the level used to close the Rio do Boi Trail corresponded to floods 72% of the time, and the median, 75%. Therefore, the TMI showed good performance in indicating the occurrence of floods in the study area, being a useful tool for decision making in the PNAS management.Keywords: Tank Moisture Index, trail closure, Aparados da Serra National Park.

Protection of surface water against contamination by wetland systems in Poland

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Obarska-Pempkowiak ◽  
T. Ozimek ◽  
W. Chmiel
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The City

Facilities constructed in order to protect streamS against storm water in the Gdan«sk region are described. The first of them is located on the Rynarzewski Stream (water flow 25 l/s). The stream is the main tributary of the Jelitkowski Stream which in turn drains to the Baltic Sea in the area of popular beaches and hotels. Results of analyses indicate the improvement of water quality in the stream and along beaches in this region. Another facility is situated on the Swelina Stream (water flow 30 l/s). The stream is fed with storm water originating from residential districts. In order to improve water quality a pond was constructed supported by a subsurface flow filter (HF-CW type). After implementation of the system substantial improvement of water quality occurred. In order to protect drinking water intake for the city of Gdan«sk against surface and point sources of contaminants a hydrophite treatment system was constructed in Bielkowo. The system consists of two subunits: wet unit (pond), filled with water all the time and dry unit (extention of the pond), designed for storm water. In the wet unit dams constructed of medium size sand are placed. The system, especially the dams, is inhibited with reed. The drainage systems collect water percolating through the dams, and directs it downstream. The system was constructed in 1997. Since then it has proven a substantial improvement of water quality discharged of inflowing loads, on average.

scholarly journals Hydroponic systems and water management in aquaponics: a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmelo Maucieri ◽  
Carlo Nicoletto ◽  
Ranka Junge ◽  
Zala Schmautz ◽  
Paolo Sambo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Fish Tank

Aquaponics, the integrated multi-trophic fish and plants production in quasi-closed recirculating system, is one of the newest sustainable food production systems. The hydroponic component of the AP directly influences water quality (in turn influencing fish growth and health), and water consumption (through evapotranspiration) of the entire system. In order to assess the role of the design and the management of the hydroponic component on the overall performance, and water consumption of the aquaponics, 122 papers published from 1979 to 2017 were reviewed. Although no unequivocal results were found, the nutrient film technique appears in several aspects less efficient than medium-based or floating raft hydroponics. The best system performance in terms of fish and plant growth, and the highest nutrient removal from water was achieved at water flow between 0.8 L min-1 and 8.0 L min-1. Data on water consumption of aquaponics are scarce, and no correlation between the ratio of hydroponic unit surface/fish tank volume and the system water loss was found. However, daily water loss was positively correlated with the hydroponic surface/fish tank volume ratio if the same experimental conditions and/or systems were compared. The plant species grown in hydroponics influenced the daily water loss in aquaponics, whereas no effect was exerted by the water flow (reciprocating flood/drain cycle or constant flow) or type (medium-based, floating or nutrient film technique) of hydroponics.

Roles of clay layers in rainfall-runoff processes in a serpentinite headwater catchment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiko Yoshino ◽  
Shin'ya Katsura
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
High Water ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Clay Layers ◽  
Headwater Catchment

<p>Rainfall-runoff processes in a headwater catchment have been typically explained by water flow in permeable soil layers (comprised of organic soil layers and mineral soil layers produced by weathering of bedrock) overlying less permeable layers (i.e., bedrock). In a catchment where mineral soils are characterized by clayey materials (e.g., mudstone, slate, and serpentine catchment), it is possible that mineral soil layers function substantially as less permeable layers because of a low permeability of clayey materials. However, roles of clay layers in rainfall-runoff processes in such a headwater catchment are not fully understood. In this study, we conducted detailed hydrological, hydrochemical, and thermal observations in a serpentinite headwater catchment (2.12 ha) in Hokkaido, Northern Japan, where mineral soil layers consisting of thick clay layers (thickness: approximately 1.5 m) produced by weathering of the serpentinite bedrock underlies organic soil layers (thickness: approximately 0.4 m). Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and water retention curve of these two layers were also measured in a laboratory. The observation results demonstrated that groundwater was formed perennially in the organic soil layers and clay layers. The groundwater level within the organic soil layers and specific discharge of the catchment showed rapid and flashy change in response to rainfall. In contrast, the groundwater level within the clay layers showed slow and small change. Temperature of the groundwater and stream water suggested that water from the depth of the organic soil layers contributed to streamflow. The electric conductivity (EC) of the groundwater in the clay layers was very high, ranging from 321 to 380 µS cmˉ¹. On the other hand, the EC of soil water (unsaturated water stored in the organic soil layers) was relatively low, ranging from 98 to 214 µS cmˉ¹. Hydrograph separation using EC showed that contribution of water emerging from the clay layers to the total streamflow ranged from 31 to 76% in low to high flow periods. Temporal variation in the total head, measured using tensiometers installed at four depths at the ridge of the catchment, indicated that in wet periods when the groundwater level in the organic soil layers was high, water flow from the organic soil layers to the clay layers occurred, whereas, in dry periods, water flow from the clay layers into the organic soil layers occurred. The laboratory measurements showed that the organic soil layers had high Ks (10ˉ² cm sˉ¹) and low water-holding capacity, whereas the clay layers had low Ks (10ˉ⁴ cm sˉ¹) and high water-holding capacity. It can be concluded from these results that clay layers play two roles: (1) forming perched groundwater table and lateral flow on the clay layers (the role of less permeable layers) and (2) supplying water into the organic soil layers in the dry periods (the role of water supplier).</p>

Measuring and modelling high resolution rainfall fields for hydrologic process understanding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Benoit ◽  
Anthony Michelon ◽  
Bettina Schaefli ◽  
Grégoire Mariéthoz
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Hydrological Process ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Hydrologic Models ◽  
Process Understanding ◽  
Rainfall Model ◽  
Set Up

<p>Observing and modelling rainfall at high spatial and temporal resolution is known to be key for hydrologic applications in urban areas, but little is known about the relevance of high density observations in natural headwater catchments. In this contribution, we present the case of the Vallon de Nant experimental catchment (Switzerland) where high resolution rainfall observations have been carried out with low cost (drop-counting) sensors to develop a new sub-kilometer scale stochastic rainfall model and to investigate the relevance of high resolution rainfall observations to understand the rainfall-runoff response of a small alpine headwater catchment (13.4 km²).</p><p>We will give an overview over the experimental set-up (in place for two consecutive summers), the reliability of the used sensors (Driptych Pluvimate) and the potential of such a network to inform high resolution stochastic rainfall field models and hydrologic models. A special focus will be on the developed methodological framework to assess the importance of high resolution observations for hydrological process research. Given the relatively low cost of the deployed rainfall sensors (around 600 USD each), the presented methods are readily transferable to similar hydrologic settings, in natural as well as urban areas.</p>

scholarly journals Improving the efficiency of Monte Carlo Bayesian calibration of hydrologic models via model pre-emption

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 763-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahyar Shafii ◽  
Bryan Tolson ◽  
L. Shawn Matott
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Sequential Monte Carlo ◽  
Hydrological Modelling ◽  
High Likelihood ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Hydrologic Models ◽  
Bayesian Calibration ◽  
Computational Costs ◽  
Mcmc Sampling ◽  
Simulation Time

Bayesian inference via Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling and sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) sampling are popular methods for uncertainty analysis in hydrological modelling. However, application of these methodologies can incur significant computational costs. This study investigated using model pre-emption for improving the computational efficiency of MCMC and SMC samplers in the context of hydrological modelling. The proposed pre-emption strategy facilitates early termination of low-likelihood simulations and results in reduction of unnecessary simulation time steps. The proposed approach is incorporated into two samplers and applied to the calibration of three rainfall–runoff models. Results show that overall pre-emption savings range from 5 to 21%. Furthermore, results indicate that pre-emption savings are greatest during the pre-convergence ‘burn-in’ period (i.e., between 8 and 39%) and decrease as the algorithms converge towards high likelihood regions of parameter space. The observed savings are achieved with absolutely no change in the posterior set of parameters.

scholarly journals Enthalpy thematic map interpolated with spline method for management of broiler chicken production

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália C. da Silva ◽  
Rodrigo C. Santos ◽  
Rafael Zucca ◽  
Luciano O. Geisenhoff ◽  
Rafaela S. Cesca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Spline Method ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Thematic Map ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Thermal Cooling ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

ABSTRACT Owing to the exponential growth of the human population and problems related to food supply, research focused on finding the most suitable approach to manage and geographically explore the environment using sustainable technologies stand out. The present study aims to produce a consistent interpolation of historical series of enthalpy (H) resulting in a thematic map of enthalpy, using the spline method as a kriging option in areas with few sampling points. The thematic map considers thermal comfort conditions to produce broiler chickens, that could be used as a management tool to reduce power consumption due to the cooling process of the facilities. It was verified that spline is an efficient method to create a suitable thematic maps representations of areas presenting a few sampled units. The geographical representation of enthalpy allowed the evaluation of the environments, concluding that the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil is inadequate for broiler chickens production without suitable thermal cooling systems. Evidence suggests introduction of aviculture in areas still unexplored, e.g., Chapadão do Sul and Sete Quedas.

scholarly journals PRECIPITAÇÃO PROVÁVEL MENSAL E ANUAL PARA O ESTADO DO PARÁ

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-261
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Otávio Rodrigues de Melo Souza ◽  
Eduardo Felipe Nunes Costa ◽  
Adriano Kazuhiro Shinomiya ◽  
Joaquim Alves Lima Júnior ◽  
Joanne Moraes de Melo Souza
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Gamma Function ◽  
The State ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Rainfall Frequency ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov

PRECIPITAÇÃO PROVÁVEL MENSAL E ANUAL PARA O ESTADO DO PARÁ     RODRIGO OTÁVIO RODRIGUES DE MELO SOUZA1; EDUARDO FELIPE NUNES COSTA2; ADRIANO KAZUHIRO SHINOMIYA3; JOAQUIM ALVES LIMA JÚNIOR4 E JOANNE MORAES DE MELO SOUZA5   1 Professor Associado, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Av. Pres. Tancredo Neves nº 2501, Belém-PA, [email protected] 2 Discente de graduação em Agronomia, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Av. Pres. Tancredo Neves nº 2501, Belém-PA, [email protected] 3 Discente de graduação em Agronomia, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Av. Pres. Tancredo Neves nº 2501, Belém-PA, [email protected] 4 Professor Adjunto, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, campus Capanema, Rua João Pessoa nº 121, Capanema-PA, [email protected] 5 Professora Adjunta, Instituto Socioambiental e dos Recursos Hídricos, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Av. Pres. Tancredo Neves nº 2501, Belém-PA, [email protected]     1 RESUMO   Em função da carência na literatura de informações hidrológicas que possam contribuir para o desenvolvimento de uma agricultura sustentável no Pará e considerando a hipótese de que seja possível representar a distribuição de frequência das precipitações através da função Gama, o presente trabalho teve o objetivo de ajustar as distribuições de frequência das precipitações de localidades do estado do Pará e a partir destas determinar e espacializar as precipitações mensais e anuais prováveis, a um nível de 75% de probabilidade (P75%). As precipitações diárias foram obtidas no banco de dados da Agência Nacional de Águas (153 estações pluviométricas). Foram elaboradas 1.836 séries históricas de precipitações mensais e 153 séries de precipitações anuais. A determinação da precipitação provável foi realizada por meio da distribuição Gama, aprovada pelo teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov em 98,1% das séries históricas. Somente séries mensais foram reprovadas no teste. As P75% foram devidamente espacializadas no estado do Pará e as maiores precipitações concentraram-se na região nordeste com destaque para o litoral do estado e a região próxima ao município de Portel. Na região sudeste do Pará pôde-se observar que as localidades próximas às divisas com Tocantins e Mato-Grosso permanecem durante cinco meses com predominância de P75% menores do que 50 mm. As precipitações prováveis do estado do Pará foram devidamente estimadas e espacializadas, e considerando que a maioria das séries analisadas foram aprovadas no teste de aderência, pode-se afirmar que a função Gama pode ser utilizada para representar a distribuição de frequência das precipitações do estado do Pará.   Palavras-chave: chuva, probabilidade, função Gama     SOUZA, R. O. R. DE M.; COSTA, E. F. N.; SHINOMIYA, A. K.; LIMA JÚNIOR, J. A. E SOUZA, J. M. DE M. PROBABLE MONTHLY AND ANNUAL RAINFALL FOR THE STATE OF PARÁ, BRAZIL     2 ABSTRACT   Considering the scarcity of hydrological information in the literature that may contribute to the development of sustainable irrigated agriculture in Pará and considering the hypothesis that it is possible to represent rainfall frequency distribution through the Gamma function, the present study aimed at adjusting rainfall frequency distributions of localities in Pará state (Brazil) and, based on them,  determine and spatialize problable monthly and annual rainfall, with 75% probability. Daily rainfall data were obtained in National Water Agency (ANA) database (153 pluviometric stations). 1,836 historical series of monthly rainfall and 153 annual rainfall series were made. The estimate of probable precipitation was made by Gamma function and this model was approved by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test in 98.1% of the historical series. Only monthly series failed in the test. The P75% were adequately specialized in Pará state, and the highest rainfall are concentrated in the northeast region with emphasis on the coast of the state and the region near the city of Portel. In the southeast of Pará it was observed that the areas close to Tocantins and Mato Grosso states stayed during five months with predominance of P75% smaller than 50 mm. The probable rainfall of Pará state were adequately estimated and spatialized and the Gamma function can be used to represent therainfall frequency distribution in Pará State, considering that most of the historical series were approved in adherence test.   Keywords: rain, probability, Gamma function  

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