scholarly journals Protected Area of Integral Protection of the Atlantic Forest Biome: Management Council as an instrument for verification of potentialities and problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e74
Author(s):  
Gabriela Albuquerque Lucio da Silva ◽  
Daniela Rocha Teixeira Riondet-Costa ◽  
Luciana Botezelli
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
National Park ◽  
Participatory Management ◽  
Conservation Unit ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Parque Nacional Do Itatiaia ◽  
Swot Matrix ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Management Council ◽  
Do So

In a capitalist society, dictated by irrational consumption and use of natural resources without measuring consequences, environmental policies have become necessary to reconcile the relationship between society and the environment. The Brazilian National System of Conservation Units (SNUC – Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação) is one of these policies. This study seeks to analyze a specific type of Conservation Unit (UC – Unidade de Conservação), which is classified as a National Park, the Itatiaia National Park (PNI – Parque Nacional do Itatiaia). The objective was to highlight the park’s socio-environmental problems and potentialities through the Management Council. To do so, data were collected through reviewing the council’s meeting minutes; the identification of potentialities and problems; and use of the SWOT matrix. Thus, problems such as land tenure, budget issues and wildfires were verified. As for potentialities, it was noted that the Council has a well-developed structure and park’s facilities are excellent. More problems were found than potentialities. Still, one can consider that one of the keys to solving the difficulties encountered would be participatory management through Freirean communication, as well as changes in Brazilian public policy.

scholarly journals Preservação de fitólitos em solo no Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, Paraná

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Renan Valério Eduvirgem ◽  
Mauro Parolin ◽  
Marcelo Galeazzi Caxambú ◽  
Edemilson Luiz Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Conservation Unit ◽  
Semideciduous Forest ◽  
Dense Forest ◽  
Methodological Procedures ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Ombrophilous Forest ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Seasonal Semideciduous Forest ◽  
Evolution Of Vegetation

O acompanhamento da evolução da vegetação é importante para compreensão das possíveis modificações naturais na composição das formações florestais. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo abarcar a conservação da assembleia fitolítica em solos do Parque Nacional do Iguaçu/Paraná (PNI). Os fitólitos são micropartículas silicosas produzidas por gramíneas e algumas famílias arbóreas, que no final do ciclo de vida da planta são incorporados aos solos. Os procedimentos metodológicos pautaram-se em atividades de campo e de laboratório. Foram coletados 12 perfis de solo (trincheira 1, tubo de alumínio 1 e 10 tradagens). Os resultados tornaram possível a identificação e compreensão da distribuição fitolítica no PNI. Na discussão é abordada a correspondência das morfologias e comparação dos resultados obtidos, bem como a relação com a literatura. Identificou-se que as amostras que apresentaram os maiores valores no quantitativo fitolítico foram P1, T1, P4, P9, Fazenda Salinet, RPS, P8, P2, P5, P6, P3 e P7 respectivamente. Determinou-se que até as profundidades estudadas a vegetação arbórea e rasteira sempre coabitaram com prevalência do estrato arbóreo. No entanto, ressalta-se que ocorreram variações da vegetação com momentos de floresta mais e menos densa, e, com maior e menor sinais de umidade; tendo cada ponto amostrados peculiaridades. Concluiu-se que ocorreram diferenças tanto na Floresta Ombrófila Mista quanto na Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, bem como nos diferentes solos amostrados.  Preservation of phytoliths on soil in the Iguaçu National Park, Paraná A B S T R A C T The monitoring evolution of vegetation is important to understand possible natural changes in the composition of forest formations. This work aims to cover the conservation of the phytolytic assembly in soils of the Iguaçu/Paraná National Park (PNI). Phytoliths are siliceous microparticles produced by grasses and some tree families, which at the end of the plant's life cycle are incorporated into the soil. The methodological procedures were based on field and laboratory activities. Twelve soil profiles were collected (trench 1, aluminum tube 1 and 10 edgings). The results made it possible to identify and understand the phytolytic distribution in the PNI. In the discussion, the correspondence of the morphologies and comparison of the results obtained is addressed, as well as the relationship with the literature. It was identified that the samples that presented the highest values in the phytolytic quantity were P1, T1, P4, P9, Fazenda Salinet, RPS, P8, P2, P5, P6, P3 and P7 respectively. It was determined that even the depths studied, tree and undergrowth vegetation always cohabited with prevalence of tree strata. However, it is noteworthy that vegetation variations occurred with moments of more and less dense forest, and with greater and lesser signs of humidity; having each point sampled peculiarities. It was concluded that differences occurred both in the Mixed Ombrophilous Forest and in the Seasonal Semideciduous Forest, as well as in the different sampled soils.Keywords: Conservation Unit, Proxy, Vegetation. 

scholarly journals Mapeamento e Classificação do Grau de Dificuldade da Trilha do Rancho Caído, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (RJ)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grislayne Guedes Lopes da Silva ◽  
Thalita Campos Lima ◽  
Léandre Panchaud
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
National Park ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Map Algebra ◽  
Projection System ◽  
Thematic Map ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Parque Nacional Do Itatiaia

A análise de dados mapeados se tornou uma importante ferramenta de auxílio no gerenciamento dos recursos naturais e urbanos. Em Unidades de Conservação (UC), os mapas servem de apoio aos visitantes e ao próprio manejo dos parques. A difusão da utilização de técnicas de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG) se tornou essencial para a análise espacial de dados mapeados. Pela relevância do tema, selecionou-se como principal objetivo desse trabalho o mapeamento e desenvolvimento de análises espaciais que permitiram classificar a trilha do Rancho Caído, localizada na parte alta do Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (RJ), quanto ao seu grau de dificuldade. Os procedimentos de sobreposição de mapas (overlays), fundamentados na literatura denominada "álgebra de mapas", constituíram a base metodológica deste trabalho. Para o cumprimento do objetivo apresentado, a trilha do Rancho Caído, objeto de estudo do trabalho, foi mapeada com o uso de um receptor GPS para o levantamento de dados geográficos (registro de coordenadas; marcação de waypoints ou pontos de interesse; e registro de tracklog, o caminho percorrido). Somado a isso foi coletada uma imagem SRTM em fontes secundárias. Os dados vetoriais do percurso da trilha foram exportados do Google Earth e importados para um sistema SIG, o software ArcGis. A partir da imagem SRTM foram criadas classes temáticas de níveis de dificuldade da trilha. Para a classificação dos dados, primeiramente foram elaboradas camadas de informações, georreferenciadas no mesmo sistema de projeção cartográfica, considerando os temas: declividade, recursos hídricos, cobertura vegetal e qualidade do traçado. Posteriormente, as camadas de informação foram reclassificadas e somadas, por meio da operação de sobreposição, constituindo um mapa temático unificado. Dessa forma, o produto final do trabalho foi o mapa temático de níveis de dificuldade da trilha do Rancho Caído. A principal contribuição foi o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia, com embasamento na álgebra de mapas, levando em conta alguns fatores ambientais que podem auxiliar na determinação do grau de dificuldade de trilhas. Mapping and Classification the Degree of Difficulty of the Rancho Caído Trail, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (RJ, Brazil) ABSTRACT The analysis of mapped data has become an important supporting tool for the natural and urban resources management. In Conservation Units (UC), the maps provide support for visitors and for the park’s own management. The dissemination of SIG (Geographic Information System) techniques has become essential for the spatial analysis of mapped data. Considering the relevance of the topic, the mapping and development of spatial analysis were selected as the aim of this study which have enabled to classify the Rancho Caído trail, located at the upper zone of Itatiaia National Park (RJ), regarding to its degree of difficulty. The overlay procedures, founded in literature designated as 'map algebra', have constituted the methodological basis of this study. In order to accomplish the objective of this thesis, the Rancho Caído trail, object of this study, was mapped by using a GPS receiver for spatial data collection (recording coordinates; marking waypoints or points of interest; and recording tracklog). In addition, a SRTM image (raster) was collected from secondary sources. The vectorial data of the trail routing were exported from Google Earth and imported into a GIS system, the ArcGIS software. Thematic classes related to the trail degree of difficulty were created from the SRTM image. The first step in data classification was to prepare layers and georeference them in the same cartographic projection system, considering the following themes: slope, water resources, vegetation cover, and quality of the trace. Subsequently the layers were reclassified and summed, through the overlay operation procedure, providing a unified thematic map. As a result, the final product of this work was a thematic map of Rancho Caído trail difficulty levels. The main contribution of this work lies on the development of a methodology, based upon map algebra, taking into account some environmental factors which can help to determine the trail’s difficulty levels. KEYWORDS: Trail; Degree of Difficulty; Itatiaia National Park; Thematic Maps; GIS.

scholarly journals CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICA DA ÁREA DE PROTEÇÃO AMBIENTAL DE JENIPABU (APAJ)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 904-924
Author(s):  
Ivaniza Sales Batista ◽  
Zuleide Maria Carvalho Lima ◽  
Juliana Felipe Farias ◽  
Nadeline Hevelyn Lima Araújo ◽  
Erick Jordan Silva Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Participatory Management ◽  
Conservation Unit ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Environmental Protection Area ◽  
Protection Area ◽  
Direct Use

Área da Proteção Ambiental de Jenipabu (APAJ), localizada no Rio Grande do Norte (RN), trata-se de uma Unidade de Conservação (UC) enquadrada na categoria de uso sustentável, de modo a permitir o uso direto dos seus recursos e potencialidades. Este fator, corrobora no aumento da probabilidade de degradação dos seus ecossistemas, a depender das formas de ocupação do solo. Este artigo se objetiva caracterizar os aspectos físico-naturais da APAJ. A metodologia adotada baseou-se em pesquisas bibliográfica e de campo, assim como, produções cartográficas. Enquanto resultados, a APAJ é caracterizada pela diversidade dos seus aspectos físico-naturais, sobressaindo ecossistemas de praias, dunas, manguezal e tabuleiros. Portanto, salienta-se a importância desempenhada por uma gestão participativa (composta por gestores e comunidades locais), visando o equacionamento de conflitos e a proteção/conservação dos ecossistemas e biodiversidade local.Palavras chaves: Unidades de Conservação (UC's); Área da Proteção Ambiental de Jenipabu (APAJ); Caracterização física.  ABSTRACTJenipabu Environmental Protection Area (APAJ), located in Rio Grande do Norte (RN), it is a Conservation Unit (UC) framed in the category of sustainable use, in order to allow the direct use of its resources and potentialities. This factor, corroborates in the increase in the probability of degradation of their ecosystems, depending on the forms of soil occupation. This article aims to characterize the physical-natural aspects of the APAJ. The methodology adopted was based on bibliographical and field research, as well as cartographic productions. As a result, the APAJ is characterized by the diversity of its physical and natural aspects, highlighting ecosystems of beaches, dunes, mangroves and trays. Therefore, the importance of participatory management (composed of local managers and communities), aiming at the equation of conflicts and the protection / conservation of ecosystems and local biodiversity.Keywords: Conservation Units (UC's) Jenipabu Environmental Protection Area (APAJ); Physical characterization. RESUMENEl Área de Protección Ambiental de Jenipabu (APAJ), ubicada en Rio Grande do Norte (RN), es una Unidad de Conservación (UC) clasificada en la categoría de uso sostenible, para permitir el uso directo de sus recursos ypotencialidades. Este factor corrobora la mayor probabilidad de degradación de sus ecosistemas, dependiendo de las formas de ocupación de la tierra. Este artículo tiene como objetivo caracterizar los aspectos físico-naturales de APAJ. La metodología adoptada se basó en la investigación bibliográfica y de campo, así como en producciones cartográficas. Como resultado, APAJ se caracteriza por la diversidad de sus aspectos físicos y naturales, destacando los ecosistemas de playas, dunas, manglares y bandejas. Por lo tanto, se enfatiza la importancia del manejo participativo (compuesto por administradores y comunidades locales), con el objetivo de la resolución de conflictos y la protección / conservación de los ecosistemas y la biodiversidad local.Palabras clave: Unidades de Conservación (UC); Área de Protección Ambiental de Jenipabu (APAJ); Caracterización física

Home, Sweet Home: Negotiating Intimacy in Brazilian Elitist Closed Condominiums

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 374-395
Author(s):  
Rafael Ignacio Estrada Mejia ◽  
Carla Guerrón Guerron Montero
Keyword(s):  
Collective Mode ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Social Distinction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Collective Production ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

This article aims to decrease the cultural invisibility of the wealthy by exploring the Brazilian emergent elites and their preferred living arrangement: elitist closed condominiums (BECCs) from a micropolitical perspective.  We answer the question: What is the relationship between intimacy and subjectivity that is produced in the collective mode of existence of BECCs? To do so, we trace the history of the elite home, from the master’s house (casa grande) to contemporary closed condominiums. Following, we discuss the features of closed condominiums as spaces of segregation, fragmentation and social distinction, characterized by minimal public life and an internalized sociability. Finally, based on ethnographic research conducted in the mid-size city of Londrina (state of Paraná) between 2015 and 2017, we concentrate on four members of the emergent elite who live in BECCs, addressing their collective production of subjectivity. 

‘Nature Has Its Own Soul and Speaks Its Own Language’

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-73
Author(s):  
Helena Ruotsala
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Finnish Lapland ◽  
The People ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship

Nature and environment are important for the people earning their living from natural sources of livelihood. This article concentrates on the local perspective of the landscape in the Pallastunturi Fells, which are situated in Pallas-Ylläs National Park in Finnish Lapland. The Fells are both important pastures for reindeer and an old tourism area. The Pallastunturi Tourist Hotel is situated inside the national park because the hotel was built before the park was established 1938. Until the 1960s, the relationship between tourism and reindeer herding had been harmonious because the tourism activities did not disturb the reindeer herding, but offered instead ways to earn money by transporting the tourists from the main road to the hotel, which had been previously without any road connections. During recent years, tourism has been developed as the main source of livelihood in Lapland and huge investments have been made in several parts of Lapland. One example of this type of investment is the plan to replace the old Pallas Tourist hotel, which was built in 1948, with a newer and bigger one. It means that the state will allow a private enterprise to build more infrastructures for tourism inside a national park where nature should be protected and this has sparked a heated debate. Those who oppose the project criticise this proposal as the amendment of a law designed to promote the economic interests of one private tourism enterprise. The project's supporters claim that the needs of the tourism industry and nature protection can both be promoted and that it is important to develop a tourist centre which is already situated within the national park. This article is an attempt to try to shed light on why the local people are so loudly resisting the plans by a private tourism enterprise to touch the national park. It is based on my fieldwork among reindeer herding families in the area.

From Competition to Cooperation: A History of Canada–US National Park Relations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence Young ◽  
Alan MacEachern ◽  
Lary Dilsaver
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
Park Service ◽  
Settler Societies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Flow Of Information ◽  
The Relationship

This essay explores the evolving international relationship of the two national park agencies that in 1968 began to offer joint training classes for protected-area managers from around the world. Within the British settler societies that dominated nineteenth century park-making, the United States’ National Park Service (NPS) and Canada’s National Parks Branch were the most closely linked and most frequently cooperative. Contrary to campfire myths and nationalist narratives, however, the relationship was not a one-way flow of information and motivation from the US to Canada. Indeed, the latter boasted a park bureaucracy before the NPS was established. The relationship of the two nations’ park leaders in the half century leading up to 1968 demonstrates the complexity of defining the influences on park management and its diffusion from one country to another.

The Role of the Judiciary and Its Relationship to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Waddington
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Amicus Curiae ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Legal Duty ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

This chapter examines the role of the judiciary with regard to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). It considers the relationship which the judiciary have or appear to perceive themselves as having with the CRPD and explores some of the factors seemingly prompting courts to refer to it. The first section reflects on: whether judges are able to choose to refer to the Convention or have a legal duty to do so; the significance of the fact that the CRPD is international law; and whether judges appear to see themselves merely as domestic actors, or as agents or trustees of the CRPD. The second section explores whether judges are referring to the CRPD in response to arguments raised before the court or doing so of their own volition. Also considered are the relevance of amicus curiae interventions; reasons for referral related to the domestic legal system; and the role of particularly engaged individuals.

Protecting Natural Resources

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémie Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
International Environmental Law ◽  
Conservation Of Natural Resources ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

This chapter focuses on the connection between the international legal framework governing the conservation of natural resources and human rights law. The objective is to examine the potential synergies between international environmental law and human rights when it comes to the protection of natural resources. To do so, it concentrates on three main areas of potential convergence. It first focuses on the pollution of natural resources and analyses how human rights law offers a potential platform to seek remedies for the victims of pollution. It next concentrates on the conservation of natural resources, particularly on the interconnection between protected areas, biodiversity, and human rights law. Finally, it examines the relationship between climate change and human rights law, focusing on the role that human rights law can play in the development of the current climate change adaptation and mitigation frameworks.

scholarly journals Does a National Park Enhance the Environment-Friendliness of Tourists as an Ecotourism Destination?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8321
Author(s):  
Eunseong Jeong ◽  
Taesoo Lee ◽  
Alan Dixon Brown ◽  
Sara Choi ◽  
Minyoung Son
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
National Park ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
The Relationship

Governments have designated national parks to protect the natural environment against ecosystem destruction and improve individuals’ emotional and recreational life. National parks enhance environment-friendly awareness by conducting ecotourism activities and individuals with environment-friendly awareness are inclined to continue to visit national parks as ecotourism destinations. The New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) is a widely used measure of environmental concern, suitable for measuring the environment-friendly attitude and revisit intention of visitors of national parks. Therefore, the study carried out structural equation modeling (SEM) to investigate the relationship between the NEP, national park conservation consciousness and environment-friendly behavioral intention. Based on the results, an implication is presented to induce national parks to cultivate individual environment-friendly awareness and for visitors to pursue sustainable, environment-friendly tourism behavior. The findings indicate that national parks are to expand educational programs and facilities for eco-tourists visiting national parks to maintain a balanced relationship between themselves and nature and have a strong environmental awareness to preserve the natural environment.

scholarly journals Designing for international law: The architecture of international organizations 1922–1952

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Miriam Bak McKenna
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
International Organization ◽  
International Labour Organization ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Physical Manifestation ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Do So

Abstract Situating itself in current debates over the international legal archive, this article delves into the material and conceptual implications of architecture for international law. To do so I trace the architectural developments of international law’s organizational and administrative spaces during the early to mid twentieth century. These architectural endeavours unfolded in three main stages: the years 1922–1926, during which the International Labour Organization (ILO) building, the first building exclusively designed for an international organization was constructed; the years 1927–1937 which saw the great polemic between modernist and classical architects over the building of the Palace of Nations; and the years 1947–1952, with the triumph of modernism, represented by the UN Headquarters in New York. These events provide an illuminating allegorical insight into the physical manifestation, modes of self-expression, and transformation of international law during this era, particularly the relationship between international law and the function and role of international organizations.

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