scholarly journals “A Química é uma área experimental!”: discursos sobre a experimentação em um curso de formação de professores de Química

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e5
Author(s):  
Edson Frozza ◽  
Bruno Dos Santos PastorizaI

This study aimed to understand circulation of discourses that mobilize a conception about the relationship between Chemistry and experimentation in a Chemistry Degree course, assuming its role as a supervisor of practices and seeking to problematize its effects on teacher education and Basic Education. Theoretical and methodological bases of Discourse Analysis were used in the process of research, analysis and construction of the text. The analysis points to emergence of discourses based on a conception that Chemistry is essentially an experimental area and that produces and reproduces practices, whether in production of chemical knowledge, or in teaching and learning processes, which are fundamentally based on achievement of experiments. In relation to teaching, this conception runs through ideas which are possible to problematize, such as that of experiment itself is enough for learning and that Chemistry is learned by doing. The results presented in this work show the importance of rethinking practices that are naturalized in the chemistry teacher training courses.

Author(s):  
Luiz Otavio Rodrigues Mendes ◽  
Ana Lucia Pereira ◽  
Marcelo Carlos de Proença

ResumoA resolução de problemas, quando trabalhada com o problema como ponto de partida, tem apresentado profícuas possibilidades no ensino superior. No entanto, quais as possíveis fragilidades quando se trabalha com esta abordagem nesta perspectiva? À vista disso, este artigo apresenta o resultado de uma pesquisa que tem como objetivo desvelar as fragilidades que se evidenciam a partir do desenvolvimento da abordagem de resolução de problemas, em que se tem o problema como ponto de partida na formação inicial de professores de Matemática, apresentadas em teses e dissertações. A partir de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, encontramos 12 pesquisas que constituíram o corpus de dados, para serem analisadas seguindo as técnicas de Análise de Conteúdo, de onde foi possível identificarmos quatro categorias. Os principais resultados revelam que as fragilidades se relacionam com: I) dificuldades quanto à falta de conhecimento sobre o conteúdo matemático da educação básica pelos licenciandos; II) dificuldades apresentadas pelos licenciandos em comunicar suas ideias a respeito do conteúdo matemático trabalhado; III) dificuldade no entendimento dos problemas pelos estudantes; e, IV) dificuldades relativas ao tempo, referentes à realização das atividades pelos licenciandos e ao desenvolvimento da abordagem de ensino. Tais apontamentos podem contribuir com pesquisas futuras que desejem traçar este caminho, aprimorando-as e contribuindo com o processo de ensino e aprendizagem da Matemática.Palavras-chave: Solução de problemas, Formação inicial de professores, Matemática.AbstractWhen working with the problem as a starting point, problem-solving has presented fruitful possibilities in Higher Education. However, what are the possible weaknesses when working with this approach from this perspective? In view of this, this article presents the result of research that aims to unveil the fragilities that are evident from the development of the problem-solving approach, in which the problem is taken as a starting point in the initial training of mathematics teachers, presented in theses and dissertations. From a systematic review of the literature, we found 12 surveys that constituted the corpus of data, to be analyzed following the Content Analysis techniques, from which it was possible to identify four categories. The main results reveal that the weaknesses are related to I) difficulties related to the students’ lack of knowledge about the mathematical content of basic education; II) students’ difficulties to communicate their ideas about the mathematical content worked; III) students’ difficulty in understanding the problems; and, IV) difficulties related to time, concerning the students’ activity performance and the development of the teaching approach. Such notes can contribute to future research that wishes to follow this path, improving them and contributing to the process of teaching and learning Mathematics.Keywords: Problem-solving, Initial teacher education, Mathematics.ResumenLa resolución de problemas cuando se trabaja con el problema como punto de partida, ha presentado posibilidades fructíferas en la educación superior. Sin embargo, ¿cuáles son las posibles debilidades de entender y trabajar con este enfoque en esta perspectiva? En vista de esto, este artículo presenta el resultado de una investigación que tiene como objetivo develar las debilidades que se evidencian a partir del desarrollo del enfoque de resolución de problemas, en el que el problema se toma como punto de partida en la formación inicial de docentes de Matemáticas, presentadas en tesis y disertaciones. A partir de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, se encontraron 12 investigaciones que constituían el corpus de datos, para ser analizadas siguiendo las técnicas de Análisis de Contenido de manera cualitativa. Los principales resultados revelan que las debilidades están relacionadas con I) dificultades relacionadas con la falta de conocimiento sobre el contenido matemático de la Educación Básica por parte de los estudiantes de docencia, II) dificultades presentadas por los estudiantes de docencia para comunicar sus ideas sobre el contenido matemático trabajado, III) dificultad presentada por los alumnos para comprender problemas y IV) dificultad relacionada con el tiempo para desarrollar actividades y aplicar el enfoque. Tales notas pueden contribuir a futuras investigaciones que deseen trazar este camino, mejorarlas y contribuir al proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de las Matemáticas.Palabras clave: Resolución de problemas, Formación inicial de profesores, Matemáticas


Author(s):  
Jaana Lepistö ◽  
Eila Lindfors

This paper describes the views of student teachers of craft about the future of craft as a school subject. The study was conducted at the University of Turku, Department of Teacher Education, in Rauma in 2014. The literature review revealed that the subject of craft in Finnish basic education is understood as a dialog between the maker and the materials. However, teaching and learning craft in schools and in teacher education has a strong gender-based tradition. The aim of this study is to investigate student teachers’ understanding of craft as a school subject in the future and their solutions to teaching craft in basic education. The data were collected from essays (N = 20) written by student teachers of craft. The essays were analyzed qualitatively using content analysis. The results showed that the student teachers of craft viewed holistic craft, reflective action readiness, entrepreneurial behaviour, multiple skills, the use of versatile materials, and craft as sources of pleasure and the main solutions for the future of craft as a subject.


Author(s):  
José De La Cruz Diaz-Ledezma

This article presents a vision of the relationship that can be established between education and art in our country, starting from the analysis of the objectives of teacher education and the role it plays in the educational process, presents a critical analysis of the intentionality of Basic education and teacher training. It is an intentional study of the role of the teacher in a country where the role of the educating State takes on the functions of designing, orienting, organizing and directing, through the school the destinies of the new generations, forming them in an educational process according to the interests and needs of. Objective: to identify the influence that the State exerts through education, in active teachers, in the training of teachers and in students of the different educational levels of our country. Methodology: qualitative documentary research, where different moments of teacher training are analyzed in the light of theory, educational laws and others related to the subject. Contribution: originate discussion points around the educational process and the State's aims in educational matters, from the training of teachers and their performance in the classroom as an agent not of transformation, but as a reproductive agent of the wishes of the State.


2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Admir Soares de Almeida Junior ◽  
Thiago Ferreira de Borges

O artigo ora apresentado considera a centralidade do corpo nas práticas pedagógicas das aulas deEducação Física, buscamos aproximar dois conceitos teoricamente distantes, mas visivelmente “corporais”: o demímesis – a partir de Walter Benjamin (1995) e Theodor Adorno (2009) - e o de bricoler, tendo como referência asreflexões de Claude Levi-Strauss (1989). Após uma discussão conceitual, apresentamos uma análise de parte dofilme “O Homem Sexta-feira”, especialmente quando Robinson Crusoé tenta ensinar Sexta feira o que é o esporte.Assim, procuramos pensar nas relações entre professores e alunos. Acreditamos que tais conceitos podem nosajudar a pensar a autonomia dos alunos nas aulas de educação física, rompendo com uma tradição nos processosde ensino e aprendizagem baseados numa relação unidirecional “mestre-discípulo”.Palavras-chave: Mimesis. Bricoler. Corpo. Educação. Professores. Alunos. MÍMESIS AND BRICOLER: conceptual approaches to reflect on the teaching ofbody practices in physical educationAbstract: In this paper, it is considering the centrality of the body in the pedagogical practices of physical educationclasses, we seek closer two concepts theoretically distant, but visibly “corporal”: the mimesis - from WalterBenjamin (1995) and Theodor Adorno (2009) - and the bricoler taking reference to the reflections of Claude Levi-Strauss (1989). After a conceptual discussion, we present analysis of one part of the film, “Men Friday”, especiallywhen Robinson Crusoé tries to teach Friday’s man what is the sport. Then we think of the relationship betweenteachers and students. We believe that these concepts can help us to think the autonomy of students in physicaleducation classes, breaking with a tradition in teaching and learning processes based on a “oneway” to relationship“master-disciple”.Keywords: Mímesis. Bricoler. Body. Education. Teachers. Students. MÍMESIS Y BRICOLER: enfoques conceptuales para una reflexión sobre la enseñanzade las prácticas corporales en la Educación Física de la EscuelaResumen: En el presente artículo, teniendo en cuenta la centralidad del cuerpo en las prácticas pedagógicasen las clases de Educación Física, buscar más acerca de dos conceptos teóricamente distintos, mas visiblemente“corporales”: el de mímesis, de Walter Benjamin (1995) y Theodor Adorno (2009) y el concepto de bricoler, enreferencia a las reflexiones hechas por Claude Levi-Strauss (1989). Después de la discusión conceptual, presentamosun análisis de parte de la película “El hombre de Viernes”, especialmente cuando Robinson Crusoé tratandode enseñar a Viernes lo que es el deporte. Así, tratemos de pensar en las relaciones entre profesores y alumnos.Creemos que estos conceptos pueden ayudarnos a pensar la autonomía de los alumnos en las clases de educaciónfísica, provocando una ruptura con la tradición en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje basadas en la relaciónunidireccional “maestro- discípulo”.Palabras clave: Mimesis. Bricoler. Cuerpo. Educación. Profesores. Estudiantes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
Khin Khin Thant Sin

Myanmar, a country of developing status, is facing many challenges in reforming its education system. This article investigates the current practices of school-university partnerships from the perspective of student teachers and mentor teachers in Myanmar, where there is an ongoing process of teacher education reform. The aim of this article is to investigate the practices of school-university partnerships and the tension between partners in the training of pre-service teachers within the context of teacher education. A qualitative research method is applied in this study where six candidates were interviewed individually. Participants include three student teachers from educational universities and three mentor teachers from basic education high schools in Myanmar. The results showed that, except for student teachers’ practice teaching, there is no intensive collaboration between schools and universities. Trust is a major problem between student teachers and mentor teachers. Different opinions and perspectives towards teaching and learning are also causing tension between partners. Although there is tension between mentor teachers and student teachers, they handle this through alternative collaboration activities and negotiation between partners.


Author(s):  
Carolina José Maria

The main objective of this chapter is to extend the discussion of language and the use of semiotic registers in chemistry lessons. Audio and video recordings, students' notebooks, photographs of content, and activities recorded on the blackboard in chemistry lessons for high school students taught in a public school in the interior of the State of São Paulo enabled the construction of multimodal narratives (MNs). The qualitative analysis of the MNs allowed the identification and understanding of the semiotic registers present in eight lessons conducted by a chemistry teacher. The study revealed several semiotic registers present in the lessons, but there is little exploration of the processes of conversion between semiotic registers by the teacher and therefore by the students. The use of different semiotic registers without the necessary understanding of them can result in difficulties in the teaching and learning processes of chemical concepts.


2021 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Irina Valerievna Chernova ◽  
Veronika Viktorovna Katermina

2020 was a truly revolutionary year in terms of education – from the paradigm of predominantly traditional education, we had to rapidly “step” into a distance format, regardless of our desire and readiness. In 2020 two tectonic shifts happened at once: the shift from synchronous offline classes (education) to synchronous online and then from synchronous formats to asynchronous and mixed. In addition to issues related to the technical support of the educational process, the issue related to the development of new professional and pedagogical principles and rules that would contribute to the highly moral behavior and activities of the teacher in creating a comfortable environment for all participants of distance learning process, emphasizing that ethical requirements must reflect the relationship between teachers and learners. We conducted a research aimed at revealing the principles and values the teachers consider crucial to follow when conducting online classes, the skills they think they need master in order to raise the level of their professional expertise, improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning processes, and make their students self-confident and independent. The results of the survey can be used in designing special courses devoted to professional or pedagogical ethics in online learning.


EAD em FOCO ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valmir Heckler ◽  
Cezar Soares Motta ◽  
Maria do Carmo Galiazzi

Neste artigo expressamos compreensões sobre o desenvolver da experimentação na formação de professores em Ciências na Educação a Distância (EaD). Abrange uma revisão bibliográfica em duas etapas. A primeira envolve 1.811 publicações, em seis periódicos brasileiros da área de Educação em Ciências e a segunda etapa 176 publicações disponibilizadas na Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Foram selecionados 28 produções vinculadas a EaD, constituindo o corpus de análise da pesquisa. A partir da Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD) emergem três categorias: a primeira abrange as atividades em disciplinas dos cursos de formação em Ciências na EaD; a segunda engloba os ensaios teóricos e as investigações sobre/na EaD em Ciências; e a terceira é constituída pelas atividades extracurriculares em Ciências via/na EaD. Entre os resultados registramos um trabalho associado ao uso de simuladores na experimentação em disciplinas da formação de professores. Em um maior percentual dos trabalhos a centralidade está no debate sobre o uso do laboratório didático e na disciplina de laboratório. Na experimentação em atividades extraclasse, registramos um projeto em torno de um experimento remoto via web. Palavras-chave: Formação de professores; Universidade Aberta do Brasil; Pesquisa qualitativa; Educação a Distância; Experimentação em Ciências. The Experimentation in the Brazilian Context of Teacher Education in Sciences on Distance Education Abstract In this paper we express insights about developing experimentation in distance teacher education course in Science. We develop a literature review in two steps. The first step involves 1,811 publications in six Brazilian journals of Science Education Area and the second step, 176 publications available at Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). In this study, we selected 28 productions about distance education (DE) which forms the research analysis corpus. In the study developed by Textual Discourse Analysis (ATD), three categories emerge: the first category covers the activities in disciplines in the distance education teacher training courses in Sciences; the second covers the theoretical-practices and investigations in Sciences about/ at a distance; and the third consists of Sciences extracurricular activities via/at distance a distance. Among the results, we registered a work associated to the use of simulators in the experimentation. In a larger percentage of the analyzed studies, the centrality relies on the discussion about the use of the didactic laboratory and the discipline of laboratory. Concerning the experimentation in extracurricular activities, we verified a project based on a remote experiment via web. Keywords: Teacher Education; Open University of Brazil; Qualitative research; Distance Education; Experimentation in Sciences.


Author(s):  
Cristina Cirino de Jesus ◽  
Márcia Cristina de Costa Trindade Cyrino ◽  
Hélia Oliveira

Neste estudo investigamos que aspectos da natureza de tarefas cognitivamente desafiadoras são considerados por professoras de Matemática, participantes da “Comunidade de Prática de Professores de Matemática Analisando e Refletindo o Ensino de Matemática” - CoP-ProfMARE. Este estudo constitui-se como uma pesquisa qualitativa com características de pesquisa intervenção. Os resultados evidenciaram que as professoras consideraram três aspectos associados à natureza de uma tarefa cognitivamente desafiadora, como aquela que: (i) permite ao aluno construir suas próprias estratégias, (ii) mobiliza o aluno para que explique suas estratégias e justifique seu pensamento e (iii) não explicita um modo de resolução. As reflexões compartilhadas no processo de formação possibilitaram às professoras conhecer as características e as potencialidades de uma tarefa cognitivamente desafiadora e compreender a relevância do papel do professor no trabalho com esse tipo de tarefa, para promover processos de ensino e de aprendizagem centrados no entendimento dos alunos.In this study we investigated the aspects of the nature of cognitively challenging tasks that are considered by mathematics teachers, as participants of a community of practice. The study is a qualitative research with characteristics of intervention research. The results show that teachers considered three aspects associated with the nature of a cognitively challenging task, such as: allowing the student to construct their own strategies, mobilizing the student to explain his/her strategies and justify his /her thinking and does not specify a way of solving. The shared reflections in education process allowed the teachers to understand the characteristics and potentialities of a cognitively challenging task, as well as the important role of the teacher in promoting teaching and learning processes centered on students’ understanding.


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