Russia-Focused Venture Capital Supports In-Bound Technology Transfer and Company Building: An Analysis of Investment Trends and Outcomes

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Garvey ◽  
Shann Kerner ◽  
Axel Tillmann ◽  
Dmitry Kuzmin
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Venture Capital ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Trade Surplus ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Investment Funds ◽  
Biotechnology Companies ◽  
Biotechnology Sector

This paper analyzes the approaches taken by the Russian government to promote innovation in the biotechnology sector within the country.  Russia is economically strong, currently with a trade surplus, and the country is investing broadly in initiatives that have resulted in in-bound technology transfer, as well as an expansion of the private sector.  These initiatives include government venture capital and investment funds, as well as physical technology “incubator” centers.  The result has been an increase in the number of clinical-stage biotechnology companies operating in Russia, as well as an increase in the number of pharmaceutical candidates undergoing trials in the country.  The biotechnology “boom” has also resulted in an increase in the number of early-stage companies.  This paper investigates current deal and investment trends from the funds that are the principal supporters of biotechnology companies in Russia.

scholarly journals Multiyear patterns regarding the relative availability of venture capital for the US biotechnology industry

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Leslie Glick
Keyword(s):  
Venture Capital ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Personalised Medicine ◽  
Biotechnology Industry ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The Us ◽  
Biotechnology Companies ◽  
Long Term Trends

Venture capital (VC) funding of US biotechnology companies was analysed relative to total VC investments placed in US companies from 1995 to 2007. During those years, except for a spike because of the dot-com bubble from 1999 to 2001, VC funding of US biotechnology companies grew at a faster rate percentagewise than total VC funding of US companies, with respect to annual dollars invested, number of deals closed and the mean dollar investment. Start-up and early-stage VC funding of US biotechnology companies also grew at a faster rate percentagewise, with respect to all three parameters, than total start-up and early-stage VC funding of US companies. It was further observed that long-term trends in the availability of VC for biotechnology do not appear to be affected by perturbations in the financial markets and short-term fluctuations in the availability of VC. It was concluded that the biotechnology industry should continue to attract VC over the long run particularly because of the emerging impact of personalised medicine and the coming of age of bioenergy.

scholarly journals Plasma contact factors as novel biomarkers for diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Eun Park ◽  
Do Sung Lim ◽  
Yeong Hee Cho ◽  
Kyu Yeong Choi ◽  
Jang Jae Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Contact System ◽  
Plasma Diagnostic ◽  
Vascular Abnormalities ◽  
Prodromal Ad ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

Abstract Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and most of AD patients suffer from vascular abnormalities and neuroinflammation. There is an urgent need to develop novel blood biomarkers capable of diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) at very early stage. This study was performed to find out new accurate plasma diagnostic biomarkers for AD by investigating a direct relationship between plasma contact system and AD. Methods A total 101 of human CSF and plasma samples from normal and AD patients were analyzed. The contact factor activities in plasma were measured with the corresponding specific peptide substrates. Results The activities of contact factors (FXIIa, FXIa, plasma kallikrein) and FXa clearly increased and statistically correlated as AD progresses. We present here, for the first time, the FXIIa cut-off scores to as: > 26.3 U/ml for prodromal AD [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.783, p < 0.001] and > 27.2 U/ml for AD dementia (AUC = 0.906, p < 0.001). We also describe the cut-off scores from the ratios of CSF Aβ1–42 versus the contact factors. Of these, the representative ratio cut-off scores of Aβ1–42/FXIIa were to be: < 33.8 for prodromal AD (AUC = 0.965, p < 0.001) and < 27.44 for AD dementia (AUC = 1.0, p < 0.001). Conclusion The activation of plasma contact system is closely associated with clinical stage of AD, and FXIIa activity as well as the cut-off scores of CSF Aβ1–42/FXIIa can be used as novel accurate diagnostic AD biomarkers.

Whole brain atlas-based diffusion kurtosis imaging parameters for evaluation of minimal hepatic encephalopathy

2021 ◽  
pp. 197140092110269
Author(s):  
Prateek Gupta ◽  
Sameer Vyas ◽  
Teddy Salan ◽  
Chirag Jain ◽  
Sunil Taneja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Brain Atlas ◽  
Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Diffusion Kurtosis

Background and purposes Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) has no recognizable clinical symptoms, but patients have cognitive and psychomotor deficits. Hyperammonemia along with neuroinflammation lead to microstructural changes in cerebral parenchyma. Changes at conventional imaging are detected usually at the overt clinical stage, but microstructural alterations by advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques can be detected at an early stage. Materials and methods Whole brain diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) data acquired at 3T was analyzed to investigate microstructural parenchymal changes in 15 patients with MHE and compared with 15 age- and sex-matched controls. DKI parametric maps, namely kurtosis fractional anisotropy (kFA), mean kurtosis (MK), axial kurtosis (AK) and radial kurtosis (RK), were evaluated at 64 white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) regions of interest (ROIs) in the whole brain and correlated with the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES). Results The MHE group showed a decrease in kFA and AK across the whole brain, whereas MK and RK decreased in WM ROIs but increased in several cortical and deep GM ROIs. These alterations were consistent with brain regions involved in cognitive function. Significant moderate to strong correlations (–0.52 to –0.66; 0.56) between RK, MK and kFA kurtosis metrics and PHES were observed. Conclusion DKI parameters show extensive microstructural brain abnormalities in MHE with minor correlation between the severity of tissue damage and psychometric scores.

Clinical Stage I Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix Value of Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Assessing Parametrial Invasion

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Sironi ◽  
Massimo Bellomi ◽  
Gaetano Villa ◽  
Silvia Rossi ◽  
Alessandro Del Maschio
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Tumor Invasion ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Fast Spin Echo ◽  
Parametrial Invasion ◽  
Early Stage Cervical Cancer ◽  
T2 Weighted Images

Aims and Background The purpose of this prospective study was to assess the efficacy of different MR imaging techniques in the evaluation of parametrial tumor invasion in patients with early stage cervical cancer. Methods A total of 73 consecutive patients, clinically considered to have invasive tumor (<3 cm in diameter) confined to the cervix, underwent MR imaging studies at 1 T, according to the following protocol: fast spin-echo (FSE) T2-weighted, gadolinium-enhanced SE T1-weighted, and fat-suppressed gadolinium-enhanced SE T1-weighted sequences. Images obtained with each sequence were evaluated for parametrial invasion with the use of histopathologic findings as the standard of reference. Results In the assessment of tumor infiltration of the parametrium, with FSE T2-weighted images accuracy was 83%, with SE T1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced images was 65%, and with SE T1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced fat-suppressed images was 72%. The difference between the accuracy rate achieved with FSE T2-weighted images and those obtained with the other two MR sequences was statistically significant (P <0.05). The high negative predictive value (95%) for the exclusion of parametrial tumor invasion was the principal contributor to the staging accuracy obtained with FSE T2-weighted imaging. Conclusions Unenhanced FSE T2-weighted imaging is a reliable method for determining the degree of tumor invasion in patients with early stage cervical cancer. Our data suggest that contrast-enhanced sequences, even with the use of the fat suppression technique, have limited value in assessing tumor extension.

The Code Breaker: Jennifer Doudna, gene editing, and the future of the human race

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur A Boni
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Business Model ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Team Building ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Academic Scientist ◽  
Biotechnology Companies ◽  
Academic Laboratory

In this book review and accompanying commentary and Addendum, we focus on 5 principal topics/major themes that are of interest for our readership, with a focus on framing the translation of transformative technology into a platform business model in biopharma.  We focus on: 1) the behavioral and personal side of the story of the academic scientist, in this case the principal “code breaker” – Jennifer Doudna; 2) the innovation/technology transfer models, including team building appropriate for successfully translating technology from the academic laboratory into the private sector; 3) the IP considerations needed for broad commercialization and dissemination of pivotal, platform inventions in biopharma; and, 4) framing the issues surrounding the ethical discussion related to use in patients associated with a transformative, gene based technology like CRISPR. We also include an Addendum that covers, 5) Some pertinent, concluding comments on the importance of high–performance, diverse teams for founding, building, and growing successful biotechnology companies.

Early-stage biotechnology companies, the perspective of an international investor

Biofutur ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (150) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Edward Wawrzynczak ◽  
Jeremy Curnock Cook
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Biotechnology Companies

scholarly journals Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Imaging as a Prognostic Tool in Early Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer: Correlation with PSA and Clinical Stage

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingchen Wu ◽  
Petri Reinikainen ◽  
Mika Kapanen ◽  
Tuula Vierikko ◽  
Pertti Ryymin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Transfer Constant ◽  
Dce Mri ◽  
Dynamic Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Contrast Enhanced

Background and Purpose. Although several methods have been developed to predict the outcome of patients with prostate cancer, early diagnosis of individual patient remains challenging. The aim of the present study was to correlate tumor perfusion parameters derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and clinical prognostic factors and further to explore the diagnostic value of DCE-MRI parameters in early stage prostate cancer. Patients and Methods. Sixty-two newly diagnosed patients with histologically proven prostate adenocarcinoma were enrolled in our prospective study. Transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy (12 cores, 6 on each lobe) was performed in each patient. Pathology was reviewed and graded according to the Gleason system. DCE-MRI was performed and analyzed using a two-compartmental model; quantitative parameters including volume transfer constant (Ktrans), reflux constant (Kep), and initial area under curve (iAUC) were calculated from the tumors and correlated with prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score, and clinical stage. Results. Ktrans (0.11 ± 0.02 min−1 versus 0.16 ± 0.06 min−1; p<0.05), Kep (0.38 ± 0.08 min−1 versus 0.60 ± 0.23 min−1; p<0.01), and iAUC (14.33 ± 2.66 mmoL/L/min versus 17.40 ± 5.97 mmoL/L/min; p<0.05) were all lower in the clinical stage T1c tumors (tumor number, n=11) than that of tumors in clinical stage T2 (n=58). Serum PSA correlated with both tumor Ktrans (r=0.304, p<0.05) and iAUC (r=0.258, p<0.05). Conclusions. Our study has confirmed that DCE-MRI is a promising biomarker that reflects the microcirculation of prostate cancer. DCE-MRI in combination with clinical prognostic factors may provide an effective new tool for the basis of early diagnosis and treatment decisions.

scholarly journals Emerging Role of Inhibin as a Biomarker for Ovarian Cancer

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Robertson ◽  
Martin K Oehler
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Ovarian Carcinomas ◽  
Gynecological Malignancy ◽  
Granulosa Cell Tumors ◽  
Ovarian Cancers ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy as it is diagnosed at a late clinical stage in more than 80% of patients. The development of diagnostic tests that can detect all types of ovarian cancers with high specificity and sensitivity, and at an early stage would improve survival rates. Serum inhibin is an ovarian hormone involved in the regulation of fertility, decreasing to undetectable levels after menopause. Certain ovarian malignancies, such as mucinous carcinomas and granulosa cell tumors, continue to produce inhibin, which is detectable in serum. A test for serum inhibin has been developed which is able to diagnose granulosa cell tumors and mucinous carcinomas with high accuracy. When the inhibin assay is used in conjunction with the CA125 test, which detects epithelial ovarian carcinomas, the two tests detect the majority of ovarian cancers with high sensitivity (95%) and specificity (95%). This article discusses the application of the inhibin test in ovarian cancer.

Three Views of a Train Wreck

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kinch
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Venture Capital ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Federal Spending ◽  
Moore’S Law ◽  
Government Grants ◽  
Start Ups

Despite and arguably because of the enormous public health benefits arising from the introduction of new medicines, the industry is in the midst of crisis. We detail in this chapter the decline in research and development efficiency, which has been termed “Eroom's Law,” a playful inversion of the bettern known Moore's Law of Computing. An explanation of declining efficiency follows as is a brief summary of some remedies taken by many biopharmaceutical entities, including the abandonment of therapeutics targeting particularly difficult indications such as Alzheimer's disease and antibiotics. We also convey how the industry has developed into a sort of food chain, with smaller companies and government grants supporting the earliest stages of research, which are then acquired by medium-sized companies, which in turn are consolidated into large companies. This food chain is fundamentally in doubt based on shrinking Federal spending on research combined with a decline in venture capital support for early-stage start-ups.

Expanding Technology-Based Transcultural Diffusion

2014 ◽  
pp. 1512-1529
Author(s):  
Margee Hume ◽  
Paul Johnston ◽  
Mark Argar ◽  
Craig Hume
Keyword(s):  
Venture Capital ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Single Case ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
World Markets ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Technology Market ◽  
And Performance

This chapter focuses on addressing: the screening criteria used to evaluate potential new energy- related technology ventures in two international markets, namely the Philippines and Brazil; adopting a single case methodology to communicate the firm strategies used to attract investment and the behaviour adopted to try and effectively and efficiently enter the global market; and based on the descriptions and behaviours found, the case offers a holistic entry framework which will advance understanding of transcultural marketing and entry needs of the Philippines and Brazil regarding new energy-related innovations. This chapter uses qualitative case analysis of a single case technology commercialisation organisation and the experience of entering two new world markets: the Philippines and Brazil. These two markets have been selected as they are focused on energy securitisation, possess a distinct business culture related to early stage and Venture Capital (VC) investment and the behaviour of VCs, and are currently commercially attractive and interested in international investment and new technology market development (Broad & Cavanagh, 2011; Castells, 2011). This chapter reports on data focused on investment activity within the technology market in Brazil and the Philippines and cultural factors affecting investment and market entry specific to these markets. The chapter integrates the cultural issues of each destination with current literature and develops a checklist of actions related to each market destination. The chapter will assist with the success of attracting investment, sales growth, and performance in the new market and enhance profitability of the venture. The chapter will offer specific actions related to the entry and investment in each market and contribute to international marketing knowledge. This chapter offers a new transcultural marketing perspective on international venture capital exploring and learning from these two diverse emerging world markets. The lessons learnt from each market creates a shared and advanced outlook on seeking successful venture capital in newer global markets (Broad & Cavanagh, 2011).

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