Occurrence of Sclerotinia Foliage Blight Disease of Cucumber and Pepper Plants under Protected Cultivation System in Egypt I. Chemical and Biological Control Measures in Vitro

The study was made to detect and identify antagonistic bacteria to control Rhizoctonia solani, a causal organism of sheath blight (ShB) disease of rice. Isolation of antagonistic bacteria was done from ShB infected rice leaf collected from the districts of Gazipur, Rajshahi, Bogra and Comilla. Fifty isolates of bacteria were isolated. These isolates were tested for antagonism against ShB pathogen of in PDA medium. Among the isolates of antagonistic bacteria (both fluorescent and non fluorescent), eleven produced more than 15 mm inhibition zone, were selected for this study. Remarkable inhibition zone producing ten isolates were selected to observe their antagonistic behaviour by soaking the sclerotia of Rhizoctonia solani and rice seedlings in different hours into bacterial suspension of 3.84 x 107 CFU/ml. Both the in vitro and in vivo rom showed that the sclerotial germination and sheath blight symptom expression were delayed 6-9 days. Soaking of both seedlings and sclerotia with the test bacteria was found most effective to control ShB (38% - 100%) than soaking of seedlings alone with bacterial suspension at different hours. However, BanShbFPS5 (2)B, BanShb738(3), BanShb738(2) and BanShb581(1), the four antagonistic bacterial isolates could be applied as biological agent to control sheath blight disease of rice and they could control sheath blight disease development and could delay the epidemics of the disease. Key words: Biological control; Sheath blight disease; Rhizoctonia solani; Antagonistic bacteria DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i3.6529Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 45(3), 225-232, 2010

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Plant Biostimulants: New Insights Into the Biological Control of Verticillium Wilt of Olive

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.662178 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Ana López-Moral ◽

Carlos Agustí-Brisach ◽

Antonio Trapero

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Verticillium Wilt ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Control Measures ◽

The Other ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

In Planta ◽

Disease Reduction

Verticillium wilt of olive (Olea europaea subsp. europaea L.) (VWO), caused by the hemibiotrophic soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae Kleb., is considered the major limiting factor of this crop in Mediterranean-type climate regions of the world. The absence of effective chemical treatments makes the control of the disease difficult. In this way, the use of biostimulants and host plant defense inducers seems to be one of the most promising biological and eco-friendly alternatives to traditional control measures. Thus, the main goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of 32 products, including amino acids, micronutrients, microorganisms, substances of natural origin, copper complex-based products, and organic and inorganic salts against the disease under controlled conditions. To this end, their effects on mycelial growth and microsclerotia (MS) inhibition of V. dahliae were evaluated by means of dual cultures or by sensitivity tests in vitro as well as on disease progression in planta. Wide ranging responses to the pathogen and disease reduction levels were observed among all the products tested, suggesting multiple modes of action. Copper-based products were among the most effective for mycelial growth and MS inhibition, whereas they did not show an important effect on the reduction of disease severity in planta. Phoma sp. and Aureobasidium pullulans were the most effective in disease reduction in planta with foliar application. On the other hand, two phosphite salts, one with copper and the other with potassium, were the most effective in disease reduction in planta when they were applied by irrigation, followed by A. pullulans and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. This study will be useful to select the best candidates for future studies, contributing significantly to new insights into the current challenge of the biological control of VWO.

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Efficacy of different fungicides for management of early blight disease of potato

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v9i1.1184 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 280-285

Author(s):

S. Murmu ◽

S. Dey ◽

A. Chakraborty

Keyword(s):

Early Blight ◽

Alternaria Solani ◽

Control Measures ◽

Antifungal Compounds ◽

Germination Inhibition ◽

Disease Reduction ◽

Blight Disease ◽

Chemical Fungicides

The early blight of potato may be controlled by using bio-control agents and plant extracts but not effectively and rapidly. But using of chemical fungicides the disease can be controlled easily and losses of yield will be reduced compare to above mentioned both control measures. Keeping this in mind an experiment was conducted to test the efficacy of seven different fungicides (difenoconazole, propiconazole, hexaconazole, propineb 61% + iprov-alicarb 5.25%, propineb, carbendazim and metalaxyl 8% + mancozeb 64%) for controlling early blight of potato un-der in vivo as well as in vitro condition. These antifungal compounds were applied 3 times at 7days interval after first appearance of the disease in the field. Highest percent disease reduction (57.88%) and highest yield of tuber (27.03 t/ha) was recorded in plot sprayed with propiconazole @1 ml/lit followed by propineb and propineb 61% + iprovalicarb 5.25%, with percent disease reduction 55.98%, 51.90% and yield 26.30 t/ha and 24.53 t/ha respectively. Simultaneously in vitro efficacy of these fungicides were also tested against Alternaria solani where propiconazole and propineb exhibited highest percent inhibition(100%) in radial growth and in case of spore germination inhibition in spite of these two fungicides difenoconazole, hexaconazole and propineb 61% + iprovalicarb 5.25% exhibit same result i.e. 100% inhibition compared to control as well as other treatments. Therefore it may be suggested that propiconazole and propineb can be used successfully in controlling of this disease.

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In Vitro Screening of Bacillus Isolates for Biological Control of Early Blight Disease of Tomato in Shambat Soil

World Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.12691/wjar-2-2-3 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 47-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Saifeldeen A. Abdalla ◽

Soad A. A. Algam ◽

Elshiekh A. Ibrahim ◽

Ahmed M. El Naim

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Early Blight ◽

In Vitro Screening ◽

Blight Disease

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Double Line Clustering based Colour Image Segmentation Technique for Plant Disease Detection

Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573405614666180322130242 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 769-776

Author(s):

Kalaivani Subramani ◽

Shantharajah Periyasamy ◽

Padma Theagarajan

Keyword(s):

Pattern Matching ◽

Error Rate ◽

Median Filter ◽

Identification System ◽

Double Line ◽

Cultivation System ◽

Matching Algorithm ◽

Non Local ◽

Mining Methods ◽

Blight Disease

Background: Agriculture is one of the most essential industry that fullfills people’s need and also plays an important role in economic evolution of the nation. However, there is a gap between the agriculture sector and the technological industry and the agriculture plants are mostly affected by diseases, such as the bacterial, fungus and viral diseases that lead to loss in crop yield. The affected parts of the plants need to be identified at the beginning stage to eliminate the huge loss in productivity. Methods: In the present scenario, crop cultivation system depend on the farmers experience and the man power, but it consumes more time and increases error rate. To overcome this issue, the proposed system introduces the Double Line Clustering technique based disease identification system using the image processing and data mining methods. The introduced method analyze the Anthracnose, blight disease in grapes, tomato and cucumber. The leaf images are captured and the noise has been removed by non-local median filter and the segmentation is done by double line clustering method. The segmented part compared with diseased leaf using pattern matching algorithm. Methods: In the present scenario, crop cultivation system depend on the farmers experience and the man power, but it consumes more time and increases error rate. To overcome this issue, the proposed system introduces the Double Line Clustering technique based disease identification system using the image processing and data mining methods. The introduced method analyze the Anthracnose, blight disease in grapes, tomato and cucumber. The leaf images are captured and the noise has been removed by non-local median filter and the segmentation is done by double line clustering method. The segmented part compared with diseased leaf using pattern matching algorithm. Conclusion: The result of the clustering algorithm achieved high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The feature extraction is applied after the clustering process which produces minimum error rate.

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In Vitro and In Vivo Antifungal Activity of Sorbicillinoids Produced by Trichoderma longibrachiatum

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7060428 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 428

Author(s):

Men Thi Ngo ◽

Minh Van Nguyen ◽

Jae Woo Han ◽

Myung Soo Park ◽

Hun Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Culture Filtrate ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Gray Mold ◽

Trichoderma Longibrachiatum ◽

Chemical Structures ◽

Natural Agents ◽

Blight Disease

In the search for antifungal agents from marine resources, we recently found that the culture filtrate of Trichoderma longibrachiatum SFC100166 effectively suppressed the development of tomato gray mold, rice blast, and tomato late blight. The culture filtrate was then successively extracted with ethyl acetate and n-butanol to identify the fungicidal metabolites. Consequently, a new compound, spirosorbicillinol D (1), and a new natural compound, 2′,3′-dihydro-epoxysorbicillinol (2), together with 11 known compounds (3–13), were obtained from the solvent extracts. The chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses and comparison with literature values. The results of the in vitro antifungal assay showed that of the tested fungal pathogens, Phytophthora infestans was the fungus most sensitive to the isolated compounds, with MIC values ranging from 6.3 to 400 µg/mL, except for trichotetronine (9) and trichodimerol (10). When tomato plants were treated with the representative compounds (4, 6, 7, and 11), bisvertinolone (6) strongly reduced the development of tomato late blight disease compared to the untreated control. Taken together, our results revealed that the culture filtrate of T. longibrachiatum SFC100166 and its metabolites could be useful sources for the development of new natural agents to control late blight caused by P. infestans.

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Effects of Weed Control in Established Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) on Forage Yield and Quality

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500060562 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 564-567 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Dennis R. Cosgrove ◽

Michael Barrett

Keyword(s):

Medicago Sativa ◽

Weed Control ◽

Stand Density ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Control Measures ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Forage Yields

The effects of weed control measures in established alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) on forage yield and quality were investigated at three sites with varying alfalfa densities and weed populations. Herbicide treatments were 0.56 and 1.12 kg/ha metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] applied in fall or spring, respectively, 1.68 kg/ha pronamide [3,5-dichloro (N-1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide] applied in fall, and combinations of these treatments. First-harvest forage yields (weeds plus alfalfa) were either reduced or unchanged by herbicide treatments. Total forage yield was not altered by the herbicide treatments, but first-harvest and total alfalfa yield as well as first-harvest forage protein content were increased by several treatments, depending on stand density and weed pressure. Little effect was observed on in vitro digestible dry matter or acid detergent fiber content.

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Biological Control of a Phytosanitary Pest (Thaumatotibia leucotreta): A Case Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18031198 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 1198

Author(s):

Sean D. Moore

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Systems Approach ◽

Microbial Control ◽

Codling Moth ◽

Environmental Safety ◽

Control Measures ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

The European Union ◽

Thaumatotibia Leucotreta ◽

Sub Saharan

Thaumatotibia leucotreta, known as the false codling moth, is a pest of citrus and other crops in sub-Saharan Africa. As it is endemic to this region and as South Africa exports most of its citrus around the world, T. leucotreta has phytosanitary status for most markets. This means that there is zero tolerance for any infestation with live larvae in the market. Consequently, control measures prior to exporting must be exemplary. Certain markets require a standalone postharvest disinfestation treatment for T. leucotreta. However, the European Union accepts a systems approach, consisting of three measures and numerous components within these measures. Although effective preharvest control measures are important under all circumstances, they are most critical where a standalone postharvest disinfestation treatment is not applied, such as within a systems approach. Conventional wisdom may lead a belief that effective chemical control tools are imperative to achieve this end. However, we demonstrate that it is possible to effectively control T. leucotreta to a level acceptable for a phytosanitary market, using only biological control tools. This includes parasitoids, predators, microbial control, semiochemicals, and sterile insects. Simultaneously, on-farm and environmental safety is improved and compliance with the increasing stringency of chemical residue requirements imposed by markets is achieved.

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Microbial antagonists against plant pathogens in Iran: A review

Open Agriculture ◽

10.1515/opag-2020-0031 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 404-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mehrdad Alizadeh ◽

Yalda Vasebi ◽

Naser Safaie

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Chemical Control ◽

Plant Disease ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Agricultural Products ◽

Control Measures ◽

Wide Range ◽

Plant Disease Management ◽

Published Research

AbstractThe purpose of this article was to give a comprehensive review of the published research works on biological control of different fungal, bacterial, and nematode plant diseases in Iran from 1992 to 2018. Plant pathogens cause economical loss in many agricultural products in Iran. In an attempt to prevent these serious losses, chemical control measures have usually been applied to reduce diseases in farms, gardens, and greenhouses. In recent decades, using the biological control against plant diseases has been considered as a beneficial and alternative method to chemical control due to its potential in integrated plant disease management as well as the increasing yield in an eco-friendly manner. Based on the reported studies, various species of Trichoderma, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus were the most common biocontrol agents with the ability to control the wide range of plant pathogens in Iran from lab to the greenhouse and field conditions.

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