scholarly journals Forfeting as a modern form of financing a company

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-36
Author(s):  
Jelena Vapa-Tankosić ◽  
Marko Ivaniš ◽  
Dejan Vukosavljević
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Commercial Bank ◽  
Discount Rate ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Debt Collection ◽  
A Company ◽  
Modern Form

Forfeiting technique includes the purchase of outstanding long-term foreign trade receivables that meet certain conditions in terms of maturity and type. In that way, the company has the opportunity to sell to a commercial bank or some other specialized financial body for forfeiting its foreign trade claim, which is not burdened by the possibility of recourse claims of other persons against the buyer of the claim, which is provided by some collateral. Through the forfeiting transaction, the company eliminates possible losses due to illiquidity, risks of rising interest rates in the future, risks based on fluctuating exchange rates, risk based on changes in creditworthiness and financial position of debtors, eliminates administrative problems and associated costs of debt collection. This paper aims to point out the process of applying the forfeiting technique and the discount rate mechanisms depending on the risk, repayment period, currency and the amount of the transaction itself.

Commodities and Derivatives, 1993–2006

2020 ◽  
pp. 190-222
Author(s):  
Ranald C. Michie
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Competitive Markets

Derivatives blossomed in volume and variety during the 1990s. Derivatives provided a means of insuring against fluctuations in prices, exchange rates, and interest rates, the default of borrowers, the collapse of issuers of securities, and the miscalculation of investors. In a world of uncertainty a derivatives contract could be used to guarantee a particular outcome regardless of the turn of events. Those guarantees underpinned countless decisions as they generated confidence that the risks being taken were predictable and manageable. Through the use of derivatives, buyers and sellers, borrowers and investors, savers and lenders, could experience the flexibility derived from liquid markets, combined with the returns generated by a long term commitment, without the rigidity imposed by government controls, business collusion, and the suppression of competition produced by division and compartmentalization. Derivatives offered a means of coping with the risks and volatility produced by open and competitive markets, where prices, exchange rates, and interest rates experienced wild fluctuations and counterparties defaulted on deals. For that reason derivatives were embraced by all ranging from regulators to speculators.

scholarly journals Impact of Monetary Policy and Foreign Direct Investment Against Indonesia's Economic Growth

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faridsky Faridsky ◽  
Syarwani Canon ◽  
Boby Rantow Payu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Indicator Variables ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to determine the impact of monetary policy and FDI on economic growth and discuss it. The monetary indicator variables used are inflation, interest rates and exchange rates. The data used in this study are secondary data in 1990-2019 sourced from data from the Central Bureau of National Statistics and the World Bank. The analysis model in this study uses Multiple Linear Regression with the Error Correction Model (ECM) analysis model. The results of the analysis show that in the long term monetary variables (inflation, interest rates and exchange rates) have a significant effect on economic growth. And in the short term FDI has a significant effect on economic growth. It is concluded that monetary variables (inflation, interest rates and exchange rates) are the main variables that affect economic growth in the long and short term.

scholarly journals ANALISIS MAKRO EKONOMI TERHADAP CADANGAN DEVISA INDONESIA (MELALUI PENDEKATAN MONETER)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Novri Candra ◽  
Idris Idris ◽  
Selli Nelonda
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
National Income ◽  
Foreign Exchange Reserves ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

This study aimed to analyze the change in foreign exchange reserves which are affected by the state of national income, exchange rates, interest rates and inflation. This study was conducted to see the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable in the long term and short term. The method used is the Error Correction Model (ECM). This study shows that the long-term effects of the variables national income and the exchange rate has a significant positive effect on foreign exchange reserves, while in the short term have a negative effect but not significant. Variable interest rates on long-term have a positive effect but not significant and in the short term have a significant negative effect on foreign exchange reserves. Variable inflation in the long term and short term no significant effect on the foreign exchange reserves. Results Error Correction Term (ECT) in this study amounted to 1,065, which means that in the short-term foreign exchange reserves will undergo considerable change and requires quite a long time to come back into balance.Keyword : Reserves, National Income, Exchange Rates, Interest Rates and Inflation ECM, ECT

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT MACROECONOMIC POLICY ON INDONESIA'S FISHERIES EXPORT TO THE UNITED STATES IN 1989-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Akhmad Jayadi ◽  
Tanto Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
The United States ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

Indonesia is a maritime country that has huge potential in fisheries sector. The average of indonesian fisheries production and export volumes always increase every year. This study aims to analyze the effect of exchange rates, government spending, inflation, interest rates, and sanitation policies to Indonesia fishery export to the United States in 1989-2019. Data were obtained from the Indonesian Ministry of Finance, the World Bank, UN COMTRADE, and the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries. This study uses the Error Coerrection Model (ECM) method to examine the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable in the long term and short term. This study explains that in the long-term, government spending and exchange rate have positive effect, and interest rates have negative effect on export. In short-term, government spending and exchange rate have positive effect on export. Inflation and sanitation policy do not affect export in the long-term or short-term, while interest rates in the short-term do not affect Indonesian fishery exports. Keywords: Exports, Government Spending, Exchange Rates, Non-Tariff Barriers, Error Correction Model.JEL: F10, F13, C32

scholarly journals Cointegration Approach to the Estimation of the Long-Run Relations between Exchange Rates and Trade Balances in Visegrad Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-57
Author(s):  
Jana Šimáková
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Exchange Rate Uncertainty ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Visegrád Countries

The paper deals with the relationship between exchange rates and foreign trade. The aim of this paper is to reveal the long-term effects of the level of exchange rates on the trade balances of the Visegrad Countries. As the different product categories are characterized by different price elasticity, exchange rate uncertainty sensitivity and countries are differentiated by consumer and producer behavior patterns, this paper uses territorial and commodity structuring of foreign trade data. An empirical analysis is performed for the period 1999

scholarly journals An analysis of the statistical relationship between precious metals prices and other monetary policy variables and inflation in South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 420-437
Author(s):  
Raphael Tabani Mpofu
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Statistical Relationship ◽  
Portfolio Strategies ◽  
Statistical Relationships

This study looked at the statistical relationship between precious metals prices, oil prices, money supply, interest rates and exchange ratesandinflation. It particularly looked at how inflation was influenced by these variables over time. The findings in this study were consistent with the hypothesis that the values of these variables influence inflation in the short-term and long-term. One of the findingsthat could be of interest especially for South Africa indicates that precious metalsprice changes, especially gold,could act as signals of pending changes to inflation and are also statistically related to interest rate movements. However, it was also found that the relationship between exchange rates movements during the financial crisis era between 2008 and 2010 did affect the other variables like prime, precious metals prices and oil prices which led to significant spikes in inflation. It should be emphasized that these finding of a statistical relationship is only consistent with observed data pertaining to South Africa and not proof of such behaviour prevailing in other markets. Even then, such a conclusion would require the isolation of a number of country specific behaviours and factors that may be correlated with precious metals prices, oil prices, exchange rates and interest rates and that may simultaneously affect inflation, which this study did not factor in. However, knowledge of statistical relationships can help in informing monetary policy responses and designing appropriate portfolio strategies although these findings do not provide unambiguous proof of any underlying behavioural hypothesis.

The Term Structure of Interest Rates and the Evaluation of Forestry Investments: A Note

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-258
Author(s):  
F. Christian Zinkhan
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Term Structure ◽  
Discount Rate ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Term Structures ◽  
Forestry Investments ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The forestry literature generally assumes that the appropriate discount rate to be used in the estimation of a given investment's net present value is the same over its lifetime. However, the values of many alternative investments such as stocks and bonds often reflect term structures that are not flat. That is, the relationship between the number of years to maturity of an investment and that investment's required rate of return is often a significant consideration. This note suggests a procedure for incorporating a consideration of the term structure of interest rates into the determination of a discount rate specific to each annual net cash flow associated with a given long-term forestry investment. Using an actual 10-year case analysis, it was found that the valuation of a timberland tract varied by approximately 11%, depending upon whether or not the term structure of interest rates was recognized. South. J. Appl. For. 12(4):256-258.

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