scholarly journals Industry 4.0 and their application in medicine and dentistry, as well as the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic

Tehnika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-520
Author(s):  
Nemanja Majstorović ◽  
Vidosav Majstorović ◽  
Radivoje Mitrović ◽  
Žarko Mišković
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Complete System ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Review Study ◽  
The Individual

Basics: Industry 4.0 is a realized reality, which already today has a growing application in medicine and dentistry. So, at this moment, its application is especially important in the fight against covid-19. Aim of the paper: The purpose of this review paper is to understand the role of Industry 4.0 in the field of medicine and dentistry and to identify research directions, including future applications, especially for covid-19. Material and method: A detailed analysis of papers on Industry 4.0 in medicine, dentistry and related fields was performed and possible applications and directions of research were identified, especially for covid-19.Result: Through this review study, we identified different technologies, opportunities and research status of Industry 4.0 in the field of medicine, dentistry and covid-19 pandemic, through 19 areas of application. We can say that Industry 4.0 will become an essential part of tomorrow's smart factory of medical and dental devices. Conclusion: Industry 4.0 shows a wide range of possibilities for the production of newly adapted implants (medical and dental) and innovative tools and instruments for the field of medicine and dentistry. This model enables the creation of a digital clinic and digital office, with a complete system of medical and dental monitoring, which meets the individual requirements of the patient, thus creating the industry of medicine and dentistry with optimization of treatment time and costs. In the future, Industry 4.0 will create new capabilities and innovative protocols for the treatment and care of patients, both in medicine and dentistry.

scholarly journals Az aktuális teljesítmény és a mögötte álló tudás disszociációja: az idői tényezők szerepének áttekintése a procedurális tanulás példáján keresztül

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-491
Author(s):  
Kiss Mariann ◽  
Németh Dezső ◽  
Janacsek Karolina
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Procedural Learning ◽  
Skill Learning ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Language Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Temporal Factors ◽  
Learning Language

A hétköznapok során gyakran előfordul, hogy gyengén teljesítünk egy olyan helyzetben, amelyben korábban már bizonyítottuk tudásunkat. A pszichológián belül elméleti és empirikus eredmények is alátámasztják ezt a hétköznapi jelenséget, mely szerint egy adott időpontban mérhető teljesítmény (performancia) nem feltétlenül tükrözi hűen a mögötte álló tudást (kompetencia). Jelen rövid, célzott összefoglaló tanulmánnyal az a célunk, hogy felhívjuk a fi gyelmet a performancia-kompetencia disszociációra a procedurális tanulás területét használva példaként. Fontos azonban kiemelni, hogy ez a jelenség más kognitív funkciók esetén is jelen lehet (pl. nyelvi teljesítmény, döntéshozatal, észlelés), ezért tanulmányunk új kutatásokat ösztönözhet számos kognitív funkció esetén. A korábbi empirikus eredmények áttekintésekor külön hangsúlyt fektetünk a tanulás idői faktoraira, amelyek meghatározhatják, hogy disszociáció lép-e fel adott esetben a performancia és kompetencia között vagy nem. Ezután kitérünk azokra az elméleti magyarázatokra is, amelyek az idői faktorok tanulásra, illetve performancia-kompetencia disszociációra kifejtett hatását próbálják magyarázni. A tanulmány végén kitekintést nyújtunk a disszociáció kutatásmódszertani vonatkozásaira és olyan alkalmazott helyzetekre is, ahol ez a disszociáció jelentősen befolyásolhatja a levont következtetéseket: ilyen például az oktatási-tanulási környezet (készségtanulás, nyelvtanulás), illetve a kognitív tesztek használata a klinikai diagnosztikában. It often occurs in our daily life that we perform weaker in a task in which we have previously shown good knowledge and understanding. In psychology, both theoretical and empirical evidence supports this phenomenon: that is, on certain occasions, our momentary performance does not accurately refl ect our underlying knowledge (competence). The aim of our short, focused review paper is to draw attention to this performance vs. competence dissociation using the fi eld of procedural learning as an example. It is important to note, however, that this phenomenon may occur for a wide range of cognitive functions (e.g., aspects of language performance, decision-making, perception), and therefore, our paper can stimulate research in these areas. In this paper, we review previous empirical fi ndings that focused on the role of temporal factors in procedural learning as these factors can affect whether or not dissociation occurs in a certain case. Then, we briefl y present the explanatory accounts of the role of the temporal factors in learning and in performance vs. competence dissociation. Finally, our review discusses the implications of the presented fi ndings both from a methodological and an applied perspective, highlighting that the dissociation between performance and competence can substantially alter the outcomes and our interpretations in various situations such as in education (e.g., skill learning, language learning) and when applying cognitive tests in clinical settings.

Modern Downsizing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1970-1983
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Wojtkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Strategic Option ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Points Of View

The aim of the chapter is to present the concept of downsizing from different points of view: as a strategic option, as a management tool and as a phenomenon. It describes the evolution of the term, its definitions, and different directions of development. A scale and possible outcomes are described on the basis of financial analysis; however it also discusses the role of non-financial aspects. The chapter points out reasons, aims and a wide range of tools that may be used during implementation of downsizing. One of the conclusions of the chapter is to present future research directions aiming at increasing knowledge of managers and providing them with detailed good practices.

The Role of Cybersecurity Certifications

2022 ◽  
pp. 93-118
Author(s):  
Adrian Davis
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Job Descriptions ◽  
Organizational Perspective ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Real Value ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Security Certifications ◽  
Individual Information

The chapter looks at the burgeoning field of certification for individuals in the field of information security or cybersecurity. Individual information security certifications cover a wide range of topics from the deeply technical to the managerial. These certifications are used as a visible indication of an individual's status and knowledge, used to define experience and status, used in job descriptions and screening, and may define expectations placed on the individual. This chapter examines how these certifications are produced, the subjects they cover, and how they integrate and the various audiences to which the certifications are aimed. The role, the perceived and real value, and benefits of certification within the field of information security both from an individual and an organizational perspective are discussed. Finally, some conclusions on certification are presented.

Employees and sustainability: the role of incentives

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 820-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly K Merriman ◽  
Sagnika Sen ◽  
Andrew J Felo ◽  
Barrie E Litzky
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Organizational Sustainability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Incentive Effects ◽  
Environmental Objectives ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual

Purpose – Organizational sustainability has become a priority on many corporate agendas. How to integrate sustainability efforts throughout the organization, however, remains a challenge. The purpose of this paper is to examine two factors that potentially enhance incentive effects on employee engagement in environmental objectives: explicit organizational values for sustainability and the performance objective’s complementarity with incented financial objectives. Design/methodology/approach – The authors employed a quasi-experimental design in which participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions, including a status quo condition against which the treatments were contrasted. Participants (n=400) were comprised of a cross-section of US employees from a wide range of occupations and industries. A post hoc qualitative analysis provided additional insights. Findings – Incentive effects were enhanced (i.e. preference for the environmental objective was significantly higher) when the environmental project offered complementary benefits for financial objectives, but not when organization values emphasized sustainability. An entrenched status quo bias for financial performance was discerned among a subset of the sample. Research limitations/implications – Management scholars must pay close attention to the role of implicit norms for financial performance when investigating employee engagement in organizational sustainability efforts. From an applied perspective, framing sustainability objectives to emphasize financial benefits consistent with a financial mission may maximize employee engagement. Originality/value – This study contributes to understanding of organizational sustainability efforts at the individual employee level of analysis, a conspicuously small part of the organizational research surrounding this topic.

scholarly journals Place of the Muscovy state in the expansion of the Europeans to the East in the XVI–XVII centuries (for the statement of the problem)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
R. S. Astashkin
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Russian Territory ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Scientific Value ◽  
In Transit

The article attempts to pose the research problem of the place of the Russian state in the process of the expansion of Europeans to the East in the period of the XVIXVII centuries. The actual basis of the proposed topic consists of the numerous attempts by the representatives of the conditional West to use the specifics of the geographical location of the then Russia in order to establish and further develop the contacts with the particular Asian states. The experience of the complex, consistent and comprehensive coverage of this problem today is practically absent both in the domestic and the foreign historiography. The study of the place and role of the Muscovy empire in the process of penetration of the Western European powers, commercial and clerical corporations to the East is possible on the basis of an analysis of a wide range of written sources of Russian and foreign origins. This publication includes an approximate plan (a program) for the subsequent study of the stated issues. It seems appropriate to highlight the independent thematic aspects, among which the following should be named exclusively: the characteristics of the individual routes connecting the Russian lands with the East, the circumstances and consequences of the European travels to Asia in transit through the Russian territory, the participation of the Asian side (in particular, Persia) in the processes and events under consideration. One of the central places in the research program should be occupied by the little-studied question of the Muscovy empires own position on the problem of the European-Asian transit. In addition, the analysis of the historical experience of the intercontinental dialogue directly in the dominions of the Russian tsars is of considerable interest. The article concludes about the unconditional scientific value, prospects and novelty of the formulated problem.

scholarly journals Introduction to the Special Issue on Role of Scalable Computing and Data Analytics in Evolution of Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Swaminathan JN ◽  
Gopi Ram ◽  
Sureka Lanka
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Scalable Computing ◽  
Private Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual

The evolution of Internet of Things has given way to a Smart World where there is an improved integration of devices, systems and processes in humans through all pervasive connectivity. Anytime, anywhere connection and transaction is the motto of the Internet of things which brings comfort to the users and sweeps the problem of physical boundary out of the way. Once it has come into the purview of developers, new areas have been identified and new applications have been introduced. Small wearables which can track your health to big automated vehicles which can move from one place to another self navigating without human intervention are the order of the day. This has also brought into existence a new technology called cloud, since with IoT comes a large number of devices connected to the internet continuously pumping data into the cloud for storage and processing. Another area benefited from the evolution of IoT is the wireless and wired connectivity through a wide range of connectivity standards. As with any technology, it has also created a lot of concerns regarding the security, privacy and ethics.   Data protection issues created by new technologies are a threat which has been recognized by developers, public and also the governing body long back. The complexity of the system arises because of the various sensors and technologies which clearly tell the pattern of the activities of the individual as well an organization making us threat prone. Moreover, the volume of the data in the cloud makes it too difficult to recognize the privacy requirement of the data or to segregate open data from private data. Data analytics is another technology which supposedly increases the opportunity of increasing business by studying this private data collected from IoT and exploring ways to monetize them. It also helps the individual by recognizing their priorities and narrowing their search. But the data collected are real world data and aggregation of this data in the cloud is an open invitation to the hackers to study about the behaviors of the individuals.   The special issues of Scalable Computing has attract related to the Role of Scalable Computing and Data Analytics in Evolution of Internet of Things has attracted 28 submissions from which were selected 12.    

scholarly journals The fourth industrial revolution: personnel, business and state

2020 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 04012
Author(s):  
Eugene Genkin ◽  
Sergey Filin ◽  
Vladimir Velikorossov ◽  
Zhamilya Kydyrova ◽  
Kirill Anufriyev
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Digital Capital

The solved tasks are to develop recommendations for combining industry 4.0 technologies with the reduction of less qualified personnel due to their use while maximizing (keeping) of the efficiency of the organization’s activities. The novelty is the justification for the need to use strategic methodological approaches for design and development of new value proposals and business models in the organization for the strategically effective use of Industry 4.0 technologies and management of highly qualified personnel. The main characteristics, basic technologies and the strategic role of Industry 4.0, as well as its impact on business and working conditions of employees and the state as a whole, are analyzed. The model of changes in the role of labor when using “digital” capital is analyzed. A full-fledged entry into Industry 4.0 will contribute to various structural and balance changes in the socio-economic sphere, while the main transformations will be subject to the traditional life of a person, his values, beliefs and, ultimately, the conditions of existence. Despite the fact that robotics in the course of Industry 4.0 to replace the individual, the human labour in specific segments will be necessary. Work is also necessary for the development of the individual, both culturally and psychologically.

The Role of Cybersecurity Certifications

2019 ◽  
pp. 222-248
Author(s):  
Adrian Davis
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Job Descriptions ◽  
Organizational Perspective ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Real Value ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Security Certifications ◽  
Individual Information

The chapter looks at the burgeoning field of certification for individuals in the field of information security or cybersecurity. Individual information security certifications cover a wide range of topics from the deeply technical to the managerial. These certifications are used as a visible indication of an individual's status and knowledge, used to define experience and status, used in job descriptions and screening, and may define expectations placed on the individual. This chapter examines how these certifications are produced, the subjects they cover, and how they integrate and the various audiences to which the certifications are aimed. The role, the perceived and real value, and benefits of certification within the field of information security both from an individual and an organizational perspective are discussed. Finally, some conclusions on certification are presented.

Origins

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-30
Author(s):  
Phillip Brown
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Ibn Khaldun ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Human Labor ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

This chapter discusses the history of human capital theory. Before the mid-twentieth century the idea of human capital had a checkered history. Ideas linking the role of human labor to wealth creation can be traced to the works of Aristotle, Ibn Khaldun, and Thomas Aquinas. The chapter examines the ideas posed by notable economic theorists and thinkers such as Adam Smith, Alfred Marshall, Theodore Schultz, and Gary Becker. It shows how the ideas developed by these thinkers extended to a wide range of issues concerning the relationship between education and the labor market. In turn, they were able to influence policy in such powerful ways that their legacy remains. Above all, their influence shaped the way education is viewed in many countries: as an investment in the economic fortunes of the individual and the nation. This view gradually emerged as the dominant one, but was triumphantly sealed by the advent of neoliberalism in the 1980s.

Digital Twin Enabled Mass Personalization: A Case Study of a Smart Wetland Maintenance System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohin Aheleroff ◽  
Ray Y. Zhong ◽  
Xun Xu ◽  
Zhenan Feng ◽  
Pulkit Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Maintenance System ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Massive Number ◽  
Mass Personalization

Abstract Mass personalization has been an essential paradigm in the Industry 4.0 era. Mass personalization has long been a question of great interest in a wide range of industries. There is a recognized need for a cost-effective approach for dealing with a high number of unique products and services. There has been substantial research undertaken on the role of Industry 4.0 for mass customization. The contribution of Digital Twin (DT) has received little attention within mass personalization. No known empirical research has focused on exploring relationships between DT and mass personalization. The principal objective of this project was to utilize DT for a significant number of unique wetlands. In this study, a Digital Twin architecture was developed and applied to address challenges in regards to a massive number of distinct wetlands. This study is based on an industry-led case with significant value, including scheduled maintenance, real-time monitoring, remote controlling, and predicting functionalities. The findings indicated that there was a positive relationship between Digital Twin capabilities and mass personalization. The present results highlight the detrimental value that Digital Twin has on mass personalization. The results represent a further step towards developing Digital Twin research and development.

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