In vitro evaluation of Trichoderma species for antagonistic activity, fungicide tolerance and competitive saprophytic ability

During a biodiversity survey of Trichoderma (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae) in coastal and lake wetlands of China, a new species, Trichoderma cyanodichotomus, was isolated from Dongting Lake wetland of Hunan province. The strain TW21990-1 was characterized as having two types of conidia and producing a distinct blue–green pigment on potato dextrose agar and cornmeal dextrose agar. The taxonomic position was analyzed using three molecular markers, internal transcribed spacer rDNA, translation elongation factor 1-alpha, and RNA polymerase II subunit B, revealing less than 95.0% homology with all known Trichoderma species. The combined phylogenetic tree further identified T. cyanodichotomus as an independent subgroup belonging to Section Pachybasium, with no close relatives. In vitro antagonistic activity by dual-culture assay exhibited broad inhibition against various plant pathogens, including Botryosphaeria dothidea, Pythium aphanidermatum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Verticillium dahliae. In addition, TW21990-1 demonstrated moderate hydrolase activity of cellulase, chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, and protease, which might be involved in mycoparasitism. Greenhouse experiments showed strong biocontrol effects against tomato damping-off incited by P. aphanidermatum, together with increased seedling height and weight gain. The identification of T. cyanodichotomus will provide useful information for sufficient utilization of fungal resources.

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Trichoderma Biological Control to Protect Sensitive Maize Hybrids Against Late Wilt Disease in the Field

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7040315 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 315

Author(s):

Ofir Degani ◽

Shlomit Dor

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Crop Protection ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Trichoderma Species ◽

Maize Cultivars ◽

Pathogen Dna

Late wilt, a disease severely affecting maize fields throughout Israel, is characterized by the relatively rapid wilting of maize plants from the tasseling stage to maturity. The disease is caused by the fungus Magnaporthiopsis maydis, a soil and seed-borne pathogen. The pathogen is controlled traditionally through the use of maize cultivars having reduced sensitivity to the disease. Nevertheless, such cultivars may lose their immunity after several years of intensive growth due to the presence of high virulent isolates of M. maydis. Alternative effective and economical chemical treatment to the disease was recently established but is dependent on the use of a dripline assigned for two adjacent rows and exposes the risk of fungicide resistance. In the current work, eight marine and soil isolates of Trichoderma spp., known for high mycoparasitic potential, were tested as biocontrol agents against M. maydis. An in vitro confront plate assay revealed strong antagonistic activity against the pathogen of two T. longibrachiatum isolates and of T. asperelloides. These species produce soluble metabolites that can inhibit or kill the maize pathogen in submerged and solid media culture growth assays. In greenhouse experiments accompanied by real-time PCR tracking of the pathogen, the Trichoderma species or their metabolites managed to improve the seedlings’ wet biomass and reduced the pathogen DNA in the maize roots. A follow-up experiment carried out through a whole growth session, under field conditions, provided important support to the Trichoderma species’ beneficial impact. The direct addition of T. longibrachiatum and even more T. asperelloides to the seeds, with the sowing, resulted in a yield improvement, a significant increase in the growth parameters and crops, to the degree of noninfected plants. These bioprotective treatments also restricted the pathogen DNA in the host tissues (up to 98%) and prevented the disease symptoms. The results encourage more in-depth research to uncover such biological agents’ potential and the methods to implement them in commercial fields. If adequately developed into final products and combined with other control methods, the biological control could play an important role in maize crop protection against Late wilt.

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Factors influencing the competitive saprophytic ability of Trichoderma species

Microbiological Research ◽

10.1016/s0944-5013(98)80029-3 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 153 (2) ◽

pp. 119-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Zoltan Naar ◽

Mihály Kecskés

Keyword(s):

Trichoderma Species ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Competitive Saprophytic Ability ◽

Saprophytic Ability

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In vitro Evaluation of Trichoderma Species Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Causing Tomato Wilt

Plant Pathology Journal ◽

10.3923/ppj.2018.59.64 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 59-64

Author(s):

Jagraj Singh ◽

Vipul kumar ◽

Seweta Srivastava ◽

Adesh Kumar ◽

Vinit Partap Singh

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Trichoderma Species ◽

In Vitro Evaluation ◽

Tomato Wilt

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In vitro antagonistic activity of Trichoderma species against important soil borne pathogens

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION ◽

10.15740/has/ijpp/12.2/127-131 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 127-131

Author(s):

N.N. Sohaliya ◽

D.M. Pathak ◽

J.R. Pandya

Keyword(s):

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Trichoderma Species ◽

Soil Borne Pathogens

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The Evaluation of Trichoderma consortia against Fusarium udum causing wilt of Pigeonpea

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v13i2.2656 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 537-543

Author(s):

Monika Patel ◽

Sanjeev Kumar

Keyword(s):

Volatile Compound ◽

Radial Growth ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Wilt Disease ◽

High Impact ◽

Trichoderma Species ◽

Fusarium Udum

Pigeonpea is one of the important pulse crop of Madhya Pradesh, a State of India. The plant gets infected by the pathogen Fusarium udum causing wilt disease, which is one of the major constraints in the production and productivity of pigeonpea. The present study aimed to carry out in vitro condition to assess the possible use of biocontrol consortia in field conditions. Six Trichoderma consortia viz., T1- T. viride + T. harzianum (JC-I), T2- T. viride + T. virens (JC-2), T3:- T. harzianum +T. virens (JC-3), T4- T. hamatum +T. viride (JC-4), T5- T. hamatum + T. harzianum (JC-5), T6- T. hamatum + T. virens (JC-6) and T0- Control were evaluated for their antagonistic activity against F. udumunder in vitro conditions. The consortia of T4- T. hamatum +T. viride (JC-4) was found most effective(58.82 %) in inhibiting the radial growth of Fusarium udum. The volatile compound from consortium of T5-T. hamatum + T. harzianum (JC-5) exhibited maximum growth inhibition (81.84%) and sporulation of Fusarium udum followed by T1-T. viride + T. harzianum (JC-I) (55.49% inhibition) . The culture filtrate of consortia of T4- T. hamatum +T. viride (JC-4) showed 100% inhibition of test pathogen followed by T5-T. hamatum + T. harzianum (JC-5) (82.89%) at 5 % concentration. It was also observed that with an increase in the concentration of culture filtrates of all the Trichoderma species, the radial mycelial growth of the test pathogen was proportionally decreased. The Trichodema consortium viz., T4- T. hamatum +T. viride (JC-4) may be tried in the field to manage wilt of pigeonpea because they worked synergistically and gave the high impact of their use.

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