Efficacy of selected fungicides against mycelial growth of Colletotrichum spp. causing anthracnose of chilli

In August 2020, 377 anthracnose strains were isolated from anthracnose-infected peppers collected from 25 farms in Sunchang-gun, Jeollabuk-do. Inhibition rate of mycelial growth of 11 pepper anthracnose fungicides registered in Korea was investigated for 62 strains selected by region and the degree of susceptibility to each fungicide was investigated. As a result of the fungicide susceptibility test of anthracnose to the fungicide, no resistant strains were observed in fluazinam, prochloraz manganese, and benomyl, but resistant strains appeared in at least three areas for other fungicides, and all strains in all regions were resistant to dithianon. Through this, it was confirmed that the fungicide resistance was expressed in the strain group due to the continuous treatment of the fungicide in some areas. By region, resistant strains to seven pesticides appeared in Sunchang-eup and Paldeok-myeon, and resistant strains to six pesticides appeared in Geumgwa-myeon, Bokheung-myeon, Ssangchi-myeon, Yudeung-myeon, and Pungsan-myeon. There was no significant correlation between fungicide registration time and emergence of resistant strains.

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Molecular Characterization, Pathogenicity and Biological Characterization of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Anthracnose of Camellia yuhsienensis Hu in China

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12121712 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1712

Author(s):

Xinggang Chen ◽

Lingyu Jiang ◽

Anhua Bao ◽

Changlin Liu ◽

Junang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycelial Growth ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Biological Characteristics ◽

Camellia Oleifera ◽

Biological Characterization ◽

Pathogenicity Tests ◽

Colletotrichum Spp ◽

And Control ◽

First Time

Camellia yuhsienensis Hu, a species of tea oil tree with resistance to anthracnose, is widely used to breed disease-resistant Camellia varieties. In 2019, anthracnose symptoms were observed on Ca. yuhsienensis for the first time. However, the species and biological characteristics of Colletotrichum spp. isolated from Ca. yuhsienensis (YX-Colletotrichum spp.) have not been elucidated. In this study, five isolates (YX2-5-2, 2YX-3-1, 2YX-5-1, 2YX-8-1-1 and 2YX-8-1-2), which were consistent with the morphological characteristics of Colletotrichum spp., were obtained from Ca. yuhsienensis. A phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that YX2-5-2, 2YX-3-1 and 2YX-8-1-2 belonged to first clade along with Colletotrichum fructicola. 2YX-8-1-1 belonged to the second clade along with Colletotrichum siamense. 2YX-5-1 belonged to the third clade with Colletotrichum camelliae. Pathogenicity tests revealed that the pathogenicity of YX-Colletotrichum spp. was stronger than that of Colletotrichum spp. isolated from Camellia oleifera (GD-Colletotrichum spp.). Biological characteristics illustrated that the mycelial growth of YX-Co. camelliae (2YX-5-1) was slower than that of GD-Co. camelliae when the temperature exceeded 20 °C. In addition, in the presence of ions, the mycelial growth of YX-Co. fructicola (YX2-5-2) and YX-Co. siamense (2YX-8-1-1) was also slower than that of GD-Co. fructicola and GD-Co. siamense. Furthermore, the ability of YX-Colletotrichum spp. to utilize lactose and mannitol was weaker than that of GD-Colletotrichum spp., while the ability to utilize NH4+ was generally stronger than that of GD-Colletotrichum spp. This is the first report of anthracnose of Ca. yuhsienensis induced by Co. fructicola, Co. siamense and Co. camelliae in China. These results will provide theoretical guidance for the study of the pathogenesis and control of anthracnose on Ca. yuhsienensis.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Copper Nanoparticles for the Control of Leaf Spot and Anthracnose Diseases of Olive

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11071667 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1667

Author(s):

Panagiota Ntasiou ◽

Alexandra Kaldeli Kerou ◽

Theodora Karamanidou ◽

Afrodite Vlachou ◽

George T. Tziros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Spot ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Crop Protection ◽

Attenuated Total Reflection ◽

Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽

In Planta ◽

Colletotrichum Spp ◽

Type 3

Olive crop is frequently treated with copper fungicides to combat foliar and fruit diseases such as olive leaf spot caused by Fusicladium oleagineum and anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. The replacement of copper-based products with more eco-friendly alternatives is a priority. Metal nanoparticles synthesized in several ways have recently revolutionized crop protection with applications against important crop pathogens. In this study, we present the development of four copper-based nanoparticles (CuNP Type 1 to 4) synthesized with a wet chemistry approach. The CuNPs were characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering, Laser Doppler Electrophoresis, and Attenuated Total Reflection measurements. In addition, the activity of the four CuNP types was tested in vitro and in planta against F. oleagineum and Colletotrichum spp. In vitro sensitivity measurements showed that for both pathogens, mycelial growth was the most susceptible developmental stage to the tested compounds. Against both pathogens, CuNP Type 1 and Type 2 were found to be more active in reducing mycelial growth compared to the reference commercial compounds of copper oxide and copper hydroxide. In planta experiments showed that CuNP Type 3 and CuNP Type 4 exhibited a strong protectant activity against both F. oleagineum and Colletotrichum acutatum with control efficacy values significantly higher than those achieved by the applications of either reference product.

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Colletotrichum spp: SENSIBILIDADE À FUNGICIDAS E REAÇÃO À CULTIVARES DE SOJA

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v9i3.10432 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 273-280

Author(s):

Sylvia Raquel Gomes Moraes ◽

Jaqueline Bezerra da Silva ◽

Solange Maria Bonaldo ◽

Wesley Dantas de Souza

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Damping Off ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Soybean Cultivars ◽

Progress Curve ◽

Significant Yield ◽

Colletotrichum Spp

Antracnose é uma das doenças economicamente mais importantes da soja e de difícil controle no Mato Grosso, causando perdas significativas de produtividade. Objetivo foi verificar a sensibilidade de fungicidas e reação de cultivares de soja a 30 isolados de Colletotrichum. A ação de sete fungicidas (azoxistrobina + ciproconazol, piraclostrobina + epoxiconazol, trifloxistrobina + protioconazol, piraclostrobina, carbendazim, fluxpiroxada + piraclostrobina e azoxistrobina) foi avaliada medindo o crescimento micelial in vitro. Todos os fungicidas afetaram o crescimento micelial, mas piraclostrobina + epoxiconazol e piraclostrobina foram os mais eficientes. Além disso, 6 cultivares foram inoculadas com 27 isolados para análise de tombamento pré e pós-emergência, incidência e severidade da doença. Os dados de incidência e severidade foram submetidos à fórmula da Área Abaixo da Curva de Progresso da Doença. Interação significativa foi observada entre isolados e cultivares em todas as variáveis. Os isolados IT-4, IT-6, LU-3, MT-1, NU-5, PN-1, QU-2, SO-6, SO-11 e VR-1 apresentaram maior tombamento e AACPD. Exceto QU-2 todos os isolados apresentam conídios falcados. As cultivares 8866, 1179 e 9144 apresentaram menor incidência e severidade da doença. Palavras-chave: Glycine max; tombamento; incidência; severidade; antracnose. Colletotrichum spp.: Sensibility to fungicides and reaction of commercial germoplasm of soybean ABSTRACT: Anthracnose is one of the most economically important disease of soybean and difficult to control at Mato Grosso State, causing significant yield losses. Objective was to verify the fungicides sensitivity and soybean cultivars reaction to 30 isolates of Colletotrichum. The action of seven fungicides (azoxystrobin+cyproconazole, pyraclostrobin+epoxiconazole, trifloxystrobin+protioconazole, pyraclostrobin, carbendazim, fluxpyroxade+pyraclostrobin and azoxystrobin) was evaluated measuring in vitro mycelial growth. All fungicides affected the mycelial growth development, but pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin were the most efficient. Besides, 6 soybean cultivars were inoculated with 27 isolates to analyze pre and post-emergence damping-off, disease incidence and severity. Incidence and severity data were submitted to the formula Area Under the Disease Progress Curve. Significant interaction was observed between isolates and cultivars in all variables. Isolates IT-4, IT-6, LU-3, MT-1, NU-5, PN-1, QU-2, SO-6, SO-11 and VR-1 showed higher damping-off and AUDPC. Excepting the QU-2, all isolates have falcate conidia. Cultivars 8866, 1179 and 9144 presented the lowest disease severity and incidence. Keywords: Glycine max; damping-off; incidence; severity; anthracnose.

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Paralogous CYP51 Genes of Colletotrichum spp. Mediate Differential Sensitivity to Sterol Demethylation Inhibitors

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-10-19-0385-r ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 110 (3) ◽

pp. 615-625 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Shuning Chen ◽

Mengjun Hu ◽

Guido Schnabel ◽

Daibin Yang ◽

Xiaojing Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycelial Growth ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Differential Sensitivity ◽

Deletion Mutants ◽

Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Dmi Fungicides ◽

Sterol Demethylation Inhibitors ◽

Increased Sensitivity ◽

Colletotrichum Spp ◽

Species Specific

Colletotrichum spp. isolates contain two paralogous CYP51 genes that encode sterol 14-demethylase enzymes; however, their role in sensitivity to demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides is yet to be determined. In this study, each of the two genes from Colletotrichum fioriniae and C. nymphaeae was able to rescue the function of CYP51 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, demonstrating their independent function. Deletion of CYP51A led to increased sensitivity to propiconazole, diniconazole, prothioconazole, cyproconazole, epoxiconazole, flutriafol, prochloraz, and difenoconazole in C. fioriniae, and to the same fungicides and tebuconazole in C. nymphaeae, with the exception of prochloraz. Deletion of CYP51B in C. fioriniae and CYP51B in C. nymphaeae made mutants increasingly sensitive to five of nine DMI fungicides tested. The results suggest species-specific, differential binding of DMI fungicides onto the two CYP51 enzymes. Pairing DMIs with different effects on CYP51A and -B deletion mutants resulted in synergistic effects, as determined in mycelial growth inhibition experiments. Deletion mutants showed no fitness penalty in terms of mycelial growth, sporulation, and virulence. Our study elucidates the effect of CYP51A and CYP51B of Colletotrichum spp. on DMI sensitivity, suggesting that using a mixture of DMIs may improve the efficacy for anthracnose management.

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Etiology and pathogenicity of two different isolates of Colletotrichum spp. obtained from physic nut seeds

Journal of Seed Science ◽

10.1590/s2317-15372013000200001 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 139-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gil Rodrigues dos Santos ◽

Hugo José Tozze Júnior ◽

Danila Alves Corrêa de Sá ◽

Gleiber Quintão Furtado ◽

Nelson Sidnei Massola Júnior

Keyword(s):

Mycelial Growth ◽

Morphological Analysis ◽

Cultural Analysis ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Malt Extract ◽

Physic Nut ◽

Molecular Analyses ◽

Maturation Stages ◽

Colletotrichum Spp ◽

Fungus Growth

The species known as physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) has become important as one of main sources of feedstock for biodiesel production. The aims of this study were characterizing two different isolates of Colletotrichum spp. obtained from seeds of this species, through morphological, cultural, and molecular analyses; as well as assessing pathogenicity of both isolates on leaves and fruit of this plant species. For morphological analysis, length and width of 30 spores of each isolate, produced on medium Malt Extract-Agar (MEA), at 25 ± 1 ºC, and under constant light, were measured. Cultural analysis was performed by the fungus growth on PDA medium, through daily measurements of the mycelial growth, and the color of colonies after seven days incubation. DNA of the isolates was extracted and specific oligonucleotides primers (region ITS4) were identified by PCR and used to identify C. capsici (CcInt) and C. gloeosporioides (CgInt). Pathogenicity of isolates was assessed on plants aged 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 days after sowing and fruits at six maturation stages. Based on these analyses, isolates were identified as C. gloeosporioides and C. capsici. Young plants and the older fruits were more susceptible to infection by the two fungus species.

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INIBIÇÃO IN VITRO DO CRESCIMENTO MICELIAL DE COLLETOTRICHUM SPP. POR ÓLEOS ESSENCIAIS In vitro inhibition of mycelial growth of Colletotrichum spp. by essential oils

Revista Acadêmica Ciência Animal ◽

10.7213/academica.10.s02.ao13 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 113

Author(s):

Amilton José Pereira ◽

Marcelo Vivas ◽

Leônidas Leoni Belan ◽

Dalza Gomes da Silva ◽

Wanderson Bucker Moraes

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Colletotrichum Spp ◽

In Vitro Inhibition ◽

Corymbia Citriodora ◽

Colletotrichum Musae

A principal doença de pós-colheita em frutos de banana e mamão é a antracnose. Neste caso, extratos eóleos de diversas plantas vêm sendo testados para o manejo de fungos patogênicos em frutos pós-colheita.Avaliou-se, in vitro, o efeito de diferentes concentrações dos óleos essenciais de Corymbia citriodora eCymbopogon citratus sobre o crescimento micelial de Colletotrichum musae e C. gloeosporioides e determinou-se a concentração de inibição de 50% do crescimento micelial (CI50). Os óleos essenciais reduziramlinearmente o crescimento micelial de ambos os patógenos. Verificou-se que C. citratus apresentou CI50 <250 μL L-1 para ambos os patógenos; no entanto, para C. citriodora os valores da CI50 foram superiores, sendoeficiente a 696 μL L-1 para C. musae e 555 μL L-1 para C. gloeosporioides. Neste estudo, obteve-se inibiçãocompleta do crescimento micelial de ambos os patógenos apenas quando expostos ao óleo de C. citratus.

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Crescimento micelial de Colletotrichum spp. Em diferentes meios de cultura / Colletotrichum spp. Mycelial growth in different means of culture

Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research ◽

10.34188/bjaerv3n4-032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 3119-3126

Author(s):

Elisson Felipe Rezende Cano ◽

Marta Sabrina Nimet ◽

Mayco Antonio Batistella ◽

Fabio Mattes Maiorki ◽

Felipe José Gibbert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycelial Growth ◽

Colletotrichum Spp

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AVALIAÇÃO DA SENSIBILIDADE in vitro DE ISOLADOS DE Colletotrichum spp. À FUNGICIDAS

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v8i1.7443 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 01

Author(s):

Amanda Letícia Da Silveira ◽

Maria Gilmara Oliveira Soares ◽

Sarah Da Silva Costa Guimarães ◽

Fernanda Dias Pereira ◽

Bruna Canabarro Pozzebon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycelial Growth ◽

Control Measure ◽

Fungal Mycelium ◽

Banana Production ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Colletotrichum Spp ◽

Main Factors ◽

Different Doses

Doenças pós-colheita estão entre os principais fatores que reduzem a produção da bananeira. Dentre elas a antracnose se destaca. Causada pelo fungo Colletotrichum spp. essa doença interfere na qualidade dos frutos reduzindo seu tempo de prateleira. Como medida de controle a utilização de produtos químicos tem sido a mais utilizada e com isso tem se observado a ineficiência de alguns princípios ativos. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a sensibilidade micelial in vitro de isolados de Colletotrichum spp., submetidos a diferentes doses de fungicidas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso com 5 isolados, 3 fungicidas, 4 doses (0,1; 1,0; 10; 100 mg L-1) e 3 repetições de cada tratamento. Discos de micélio de cada isolado foram adicionados em placas com as doses de cada fungicida. O crescimento micelial foi medido após o micélio dos fungos das placas controle atingirem suas bordas. Foi estimada a concentração efetiva dos fungicidas capaz de inibir em 50 % do crescimento micelial (EC50) e classificados em quatro categorias de eficiência. As análises estatísticas foram processadas com o programa SISVAR. Todos os fungicidas foram eficientes no controle in vitro, com destaque para o microbiológico. Para os isolados testados não foi observado resistência a nenhum dos fungicidas.Palavras-chave: pós-colheita; Bacillus subtillis; controle químico; antracnose. EVALUATION OF IN VITROUS SENSITIVITY OF ISOLATES OF Colletotrichum spp. TO FUNGICIDES ABSTRACT: Post-harvest diseases are among the main factors that reduce banana production. Among them the anthracnose stands out. Caused by the fungus Colletotrichum spp. this disease interferes in the quality of the fruits reducing their shelf life. As a control measure the use of chemicals has been the most used and with this has been observed the inefficiency of some active principles. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro mycelial sensitivity of Colletotrichum spp. Isolates submitted to different doses of fungicides. The experimental design was completely randomized with 5 isolates, 3 fungicides, 4 doses (0.1, 1.0, 10, 100 mg L-1) and 3 replicates. Mycelial disks from each isolate were added on plates with the doses of each fungicide. Mycelial growth was measured after the fungal mycelium of the control plates reached their edges. The effective concentration of fungicides capable of inhibiting 50% of mycelial growth (EC 50) and classified into four efficiency categories was estimated. Statistical analyzes were processed using the SISVAR program. All the fungicides were efficient in the in vitro control, with emphasis on the microbiological. No resistance to any of the fungicides was observed for the isolates tested.Keywords: post-harvest; Bacillus subtillis; chemical control; anthracnose.

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An Attempt at Biological Control of Blossom Blight of Rose Caused by Botrytis cinerea Using some Local Trichoderma spp. Strains

Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/038.55.2020.010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 27-34

Author(s):

G. Zadehdabagh ◽

K. Karimi ◽

M. Rezabaigi ◽

F. Ajamgard

Keyword(s):

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Khuzestan Province ◽

Inhibitory Potential ◽

Cut Rose

The northern of Khuzestan province in Iran is mainly considered as one of the major areas of miniature rose production. Blossom blight caused by Botrytis cinerea has recently become a serious limiting factor in rose production in pre and post-harvest. In current study, an attempt was made to evaluate the inhibitory potential of some local Trichoderma spp. strains against B. cinerea under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that all Trichoderma spp. strains were significantly able to reduce the mycelial growth of the pathogen in dual culture, volatile and non-volatile compounds tests compared with control, with superiority of T. atroviride Tsafi than others. Under in vivo condition, the selected strain of T. atroviride Tsafi had much better performance than T. harzianum IRAN 523C in reduction of disease severity compared with the untreated control. Overall, the findings of this study showed that the application of Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents such as T. atroviride Tsafi can be effective to protect cut rose flowers against blossom blight.

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